CN113210813B - Welding method of nickel-aluminum-bronze workpiece - Google Patents
Welding method of nickel-aluminum-bronze workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN113210813B CN113210813B CN202110437499.2A CN202110437499A CN113210813B CN 113210813 B CN113210813 B CN 113210813B CN 202110437499 A CN202110437499 A CN 202110437499A CN 113210813 B CN113210813 B CN 113210813B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method of a nickel-aluminum bronze workpiece, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 8.5% -9.5%, Fe: 3.5% -4.5%, Mn: 0.8-1.5%, Ni 4-5%, Si: less than or equal to 0.1%, Pb: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, comprising the following steps: a. selecting a welding wire, wherein the welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 8.5% -9.5%, Fe: 3% -4%, Mn: 1% -2%, Ni:4% -5%, and the content of Ni is greater than that of Fe; b. preheating a workpiece to 100-150 ℃; c. welding a workpiece by adopting a consumable electrode gas shielded welding process, wherein the ratio of argon to helium is controlled to be 80: 20-75: 25, the interlayer temperature is less than or equal to 250 ℃; d. and (3) preserving the temperature of the welded workpiece for at least 2 hours at the temperature of 200-250 ℃, and then naturally cooling the welded workpiece in a heat preservation device until the temperature reaches the room temperature. The invention can not only obviously improve the welding efficiency, but also ensure that the performance of the welded workpiece meets the evaluation requirement of the NB/T47014 welding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding method of a nickel-aluminum bronze workpiece.
Background
Nickel-aluminium bronze (C95800) has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and is a new material that generally works in a marine environment where corrosion is particularly severe. The nickel-aluminum bronze has poor welding performance due to the fact that elements such as copper and aluminum are contained in the nickel-aluminum bronze.
In the prior art, people generally adopt the following two welding processes when welding nickel-aluminum-bronze workpieces: firstly, the argon arc welding process has low production efficiency and is difficult to meet the requirement of large-scale production. Secondly, the gas metal arc welding process has the problems that pores are easy to appear, filler metal and base metal are difficult to fuse, the grain size of a welding seam is too large and the like, and the performance of a welded workpiece cannot meet the evaluation requirement of the NB/T47014 welding process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding method of a nickel-aluminum-bronze workpiece, which can remarkably improve the welding efficiency and enable the welded performance of the workpiece to meet the evaluation requirement of an NB/T47014 welding process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a welding method of a nickel-aluminum bronze workpiece comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 8.5% -9.5%, Fe: 3.5% -4.5%, Mn: 0.8-1.5%, Ni 4-5%, Si: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, Pb: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, comprising the following steps:
a. selecting a welding wire, wherein the welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 8.5% -9.5%, Fe: 3% -4%, Mn: 1% -2%, Ni:4% -5%, and the content of Ni is greater than that of Fe;
b. preheating a workpiece to 100-150 ℃;
c. welding a workpiece by adopting a consumable electrode gas shielded welding process, wherein the ratio of argon to helium is controlled to be 80: 20-75: 25, the interlayer temperature is less than or equal to 250 ℃;
d. and (3) preserving the temperature of the welded workpiece for at least 2 hours at the temperature of 200-250 ℃, and then naturally cooling the welded workpiece in a heat preservation device until the temperature reaches the room temperature.
Firstly, the invention is particularly directed to a welding method of a nickel-aluminum bronze workpiece, which firstly needs to select a proper welding wire in order to ensure the welding quality, and ensures that the content of nickel (Ni) is greater than that of iron (Fe) so as to improve the fusion performance.
Secondly, the invention adopts the gas metal arc welding process to weld the workpiece, can eliminate the impurities such as alumina film which affect the welding performance, and improve the mechanical property of the welded workpiece.
In addition, the invention controls the ratio of argon to helium to be 80: 20-75: 25, thereby having a good welding effect. When the ratio of argon to helium is less than 80: 20. that is, when the content of helium is too high, the stability of the arc is affected, resulting in poor welding performance; when the ratio of argon to helium is greater than 75: 25. that is, if the helium content is too low, the fusion effect will be affected by too shallow a fusion depth. Also, when the interlayer temperature is more than 250 ℃, the workpiece may be brittle.
In particular, the invention provides the step d after the welding of the workpieces, thereby improving the hardenability of the nickel-aluminum bronze workpieces after the welding to the maximum extent.
Preferably, in step c, the included angle of the welding position of the workpieces is made to be larger than 60 degrees, the width of the welding seam is not larger than 8mm, the thickness of the welding seam is not larger than 6mm, and the width-depth ratio of the width of the welding seam to the penetration of the welding seam is between 1.5 and 2. Thereby forming proper penetration and good fusion effect.
Preferably, in step c, the welding current is controlled between 180 and 210A, the welding voltage is controlled between 20 and 23V, the welding speed is controlled between 20 and 50cm/min, and the maximum heat input is controlled within 20 kJ/cm. On one hand, the method can form proper penetration and good fusion effect, on the other hand, the method is favorable for controlling the temperature during welding, and the brittleness of the welded workpiece is improved.
Preferably, step e is added after step d: and (3) keeping the temperature of the workpiece at 475 +/-15 ℃ for at least 8 hours, wherein the heating speed is not more than 100 ℃/h, and the cooling speed is not more than 50 ℃/h before cooling to 200 ℃. Therefore, the stress generated by expansion with heat and contraction with cold after the welding of the workpiece can be effectively eliminated, and the mechanical strength of the workpiece is improved.
Preferably, in step b, the workpiece is preheated by using an infrared heating sheet.
It is known that infrared heating plates rely on radiation to heat a workpiece, and therefore, the infrared heating plates have the advantages of low energy loss, high thermal efficiency, high heating speed and uniform temperature rise of the workpiece.
Preferably, the device further comprises a rear heating device, the rear heating device comprises a rack, a heating box and an insulation box, the heating box and the insulation box are arranged on the rack in a side-by-side covered mode, a communicating hole is formed between adjacent side walls of the heating box and the insulation box, a feeding door is arranged on one side, away from the insulation box, of the heating box, a discharging door is arranged on one side, away from the heating box, of the insulation box, a conveying belt extending from the feeding door to the discharging door is arranged on the rack, a fan is arranged at the position of the communicating hole and faces one side of the heating box, a heating pipe is arranged on the front side of the fan, a temperature sensor is arranged in the heating box, the conveying speed of the conveying belt is v, the length of the heating box in the extending direction of the conveying belt is a, a is not less than 2.2v and not more than 3v, in step d, airflow blown out by the fan is heated by the heating pipe and then blown into the heating box, the feeding door of the heating box is opened, and the welded workpiece is placed on the conveying belt, the high-temperature air in the heating box keeps the temperature of the workpiece between 200 ℃ and 250 ℃; the conveying belt conveys the workpiece into the heat preservation box, the workpiece stays in the heating box for at least 2 hours, and then the workpiece enters the heat preservation box through the communicating holes to be naturally cooled.
In the step d, the welded workpiece is subjected to heat preservation through the post-heating device, so that the heat preservation temperature and the cooling speed can be accurately controlled.
Particularly, the post-heating device comprises a heating box and an insulation box which are arranged side by side, and a communication hole is arranged between the heating box and the insulation box. Therefore, when the fan and the heating pipe are electrified and started, the fan can suck the air in the insulation can, the air is heated by the heating pipe and then is sent into the heating box, and therefore the heating box is maintained at a proper temperature.
It can be understood that the workpieces entering the heat-insulating chamber are gradually cooled by heat dissipation, and in the process, certain heat is released, so that the heat-insulating chamber is heated. Therefore, the air sucked into the heat preservation chamber by the fan is heated hot air, so that the heating pipe can quickly heat the air flow blown out by the fan, and the power consumption of the heating pipe can be reduced.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the welding efficiency can be remarkably improved, and the performance of the welded workpiece can meet the evaluation requirement of the NB/T47014 welding process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one construction of the afterheater of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of the post-heating device at the communication hole.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a rack 2, a heating box 21, a communication hole 22, a feeding door 3, a heat preservation box 31, a discharging door 4, a conveying belt 5, a fan 6 and a heating pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
A welding method of a nickel-aluminum bronze workpiece comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 8.5% -9.5%, Fe: 3.5% -4.5%, Mn: 0.8-1.5%, Ni 4-5%, Si: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, Pb: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a welding wire with the components close to those of the workpiece, wherein the welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 8.5% -9.5%, Fe: 3% -4%, Mn: 1% -2%, Ni:4% -5%, wherein: the content of nickel (Ni) is more than that of iron (Fe) so as to improve the fusion performance;
b. preheating a workpiece to 100-150 ℃;
c. welding a workpiece by adopting a consumable electrode gas shielded welding process, wherein the ratio of argon to helium is controlled to be 80: 20-75: 25, impurities which affect the welding performance such as an alumina film and the like are eliminated, the mechanical performance of the welded workpiece is improved, and the interlayer temperature is less than or equal to 250 ℃ so as to reduce the brittleness of the workpiece as much as possible;
d. the welded workpiece is kept at the temperature of 200-250 ℃ for at least 2 hours, and then is naturally cooled in a heat preservation device until the temperature reaches the room temperature, so that the hardenability of the nickel-aluminum bronze workpiece after welding can be improved to the maximum extent.
Preferably, in step c, the included angle of the welding position of the workpieces is larger than 60 degrees, the width of the welding seam is not larger than 8mm, the thickness of the welding seam is not larger than 6mm, and the width-depth ratio of the width of the welding seam to the penetration depth of the welding seam is between 1.5 and 2. Thereby forming proper penetration and good fusion effect.
Further, in step c, the welding current can be controlled between 180 and 210A, the welding voltage can be controlled between 20 and 23V, the welding speed can be controlled between 20 and 50cm/min, and the maximum heat input can be controlled within 20 kJ/cm. On one hand, the method can form proper penetration and good fusion effect, on the other hand, the method is favorable for controlling the temperature during welding, and the brittleness of the welded workpiece is improved.
As a preferred solution, step e can be added after step d: and (3) keeping the temperature of the workpiece at 475 +/-15 ℃ for at least 8 hours, wherein the heating speed is not more than 100 ℃/h, and the cooling speed is not more than 50 ℃/h before cooling to 200 ℃. Therefore, the stress generated by expansion with heat and contraction with cold after the welding of the workpiece can be effectively eliminated, the deformation of the workpiece generated in the machining process is reduced, and the dimensional precision of the workpiece after machining is effectively ensured.
It should be noted that, in the step b, the infrared heating sheet may be used to preheat the workpiece, which not only can improve the thermal efficiency and heating speed of the heating sheet, but also can make the temperature rise of the workpiece more uniform.
As another preferred scheme, the invention can also comprise a post-heating device, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the post-heating device comprises a horizontally arranged rack 1, a heating box 2 and an insulation box 3 which are arranged on the rack in a side-by-side covering mode, and communication holes 21 are formed between the adjacent side walls of the heating box and the insulation box, so that the heating box and the insulation box are communicated. The front side that the insulation can was kept away from to the heating cabinet is equipped with feed door 22, and the rear side that the heating cabinet was kept away from to the insulation can is equipped with discharge door 31, is equipped with runway form conveyer belt 4 that extends to the discharge door by the feed door on the rack, is equipped with fan 5 in intercommunicating pore department, and the fan is towards heating cabinet one side to make the fan can blow towards heating cabinet one side, be equipped with heating pipe 6 in the front side of fan. Further, a temperature sensor for sensing temperature is provided in the heating tank.
In step d, the airflow blown out by the fan is heated by the heating pipe and then blown into the heating box, so that the heating box is heated; then opening a feeding door of the heating box, placing the welded workpiece on a conveyor belt, and maintaining the temperature of the workpiece between 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ by high-temperature air in the heating box; the conveying belt conveys the workpiece into the heat preservation box, the workpiece stays in the heating box for at least 2 hours, and then the workpiece enters the heat preservation box through the communicating holes to be naturally cooled.
It should be noted that the conveyor belt can be operated in a continuous cycle so as to continuously convey the welded workpieces to the heat preservation box through the heating box. In addition, the workpiece is kept warm for at least 2 hours in the heating box, and the workpiece is slowly cooled in the heat-preservation box.
In order to ensure that the workpiece is kept warm in the heating box for at least 2 hours, the conveying speed of the conveying belt is v, and the length of the heating box in the extending direction of the conveying belt is a, the conveying speed v can be controlled so that: a is more than or equal to 2.2v and less than or equal to 3v, so that the workpiece can stay in the heating box for 2.2-3 hours.
It should be noted that the temperature of the heating box can be precisely controlled by the temperature sensor to ensure that the temperature of the workpiece can be maintained between 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ in the heating box.
It can be understood that the workpieces entering the heat-insulating chamber are gradually cooled by heat dissipation, and in the process, certain heat is released, so that the heat-insulating chamber is heated. Therefore, the air sucked into the heat preservation chamber by the fan is heated hot air, so that the heating pipe can quickly heat the air flow blown out by the fan, and the power consumption of the heating pipe can be reduced.
Example 1: a welding method of a nickel-aluminum-bronze workpiece comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 8.5% -9.5%, Fe: 3.5% -4.5%, Mn: 0.8-1.5%, Ni 4-5%, Si: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, Pb: not more than 0.03 percent, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting a welding wire with the components close to those of the workpiece, wherein the welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 8.87%, Fe: 3.85%, Mn: 1.87%, Ni: 4.26 percent;
b. preheating the workpiece to 120 ℃;
c. and (3) welding the workpiece by adopting a consumable electrode gas shielded welding process, wherein the ratio of argon to helium is controlled to be 80: 20-75: 25, controlling the interlayer temperature to be less than or equal to 250 ℃, the welding current to be 195A, the welding voltage to be 23V, the welding speed to be 30cm/min, controlling the maximum heat input to be within 20kJ/cm, arranging a bevel at the welding position of the workpiece to be a 60-degree V-shaped bevel and a 2mm truncated edge, wherein the width of the welding seam is not more than 8mm, the thickness of the welding seam is not more than 6mm, and the width-depth ratio of the width of the welding seam to the penetration of the welding seam is 1.5-2;
d. and preserving the temperature of the welded workpiece at 200-250 ℃ for 2 hours, and then naturally cooling the welded workpiece in a heat preservation device until the temperature reaches the room temperature.
Example 2: a welding method of a nickel-aluminum bronze workpiece comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 8.5% -9.5%, Fe: 3.5% -4.5%, Mn: 0.8-1.5%, Ni 4-5%, Si: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, Pb: not more than 0.03 percent, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting a welding wire with the components close to those of the workpiece, wherein the welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 9.21%, Fe: 3.72%, Mn: 1.56%, Ni: 4.37 percent;
b. preheating the workpiece to 120 ℃;
c. welding a workpiece by adopting a consumable electrode gas shielded welding process, wherein the ratio of argon to helium is controlled to be 80: 20-75: 25, the interlayer temperature is less than or equal to 250 ℃, the welding current is 197A, the welding voltage is 23V, the welding speed is 30cm/min, the maximum heat input is controlled within 20kJ/cm, a groove at the welding position of the workpiece is a 60-degree V-shaped groove, a 2mm truncated edge is arranged, the width of the welding seam is not more than 8mm, the thickness of the welding seam is not more than 6mm, and the width-depth ratio of the width of the welding seam to the penetration of the welding seam is 1.5-2;
d. preserving the temperature of the welded workpiece for 2 hours at the temperature of 200-250 ℃, and then naturally cooling the welded workpiece in a heat preservation device until the temperature reaches the room temperature;
e: and (3) keeping the temperature of the workpiece at 475 +/-15 ℃ for 8 hours, wherein the heating speed is not more than 100 ℃/h, and the cooling speed is not more than 50 ℃/h before cooling to 200 ℃. Therefore, the stress generated by expansion with heat and contraction with cold after the welding of the workpiece can be effectively eliminated, the deformation of the workpiece generated in the machining process is reduced, and the dimensional precision of the workpiece after machining is effectively ensured.
In order to verify the technical effect of the invention, a first sample and a second sample are welded with a base material and various performances are tested, wherein the size of the first sample is as follows: 180mm × 20mm × 20mm, size of sample two: 250mm × 40mm × 2.5mm, wherein 8 parts of each of the first and second samples were prepared, and 4 parts of the first sample used in example 1 were referred to as: LS1-1, LS1-2, LS1-3, LS1-4, 4 samples two used in example 1 were designated: CW1-1, CW1-2, CW1-3, CW 1-4; the 4 samples used in example 2 were referred to as: LS2-1, LS2-2, LS2-3, LS2-4, 4 samples two used in example 2 were designated: CW2-1, CW2-2, CW2-3, CW 2-4. The performance index parameters of the first and second samples after welding according to the methods of examples 1 and 2 are as follows:
Claims (4)
1. a welding method of a nickel-aluminum bronze workpiece comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 8.5% -9.5%, Fe: 3.5% -4.5%, Mn: 0.8-1.5%, Ni 4-5%, Si: less than or equal to 0.1%, Pb: not more than 0.03 percent, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting a welding wire, wherein the welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: not less than 79%, Al: 8.5% -9.5%, Fe: 3% -4%, Mn: 1% -2%, Ni:4% -5%, and the content of Ni is greater than that of Fe;
b. preheating a workpiece to 100-150 ℃;
c. welding a workpiece by adopting a consumable electrode gas shielded welding process, wherein the ratio of argon to helium is controlled to be 80: 20-75: 25, the interlayer temperature is less than or equal to 250 ℃, the welding current is controlled between 180 and 210A, the welding voltage is controlled between 20 and 23V, the welding speed is controlled between 20 and 50cm/min, and the maximum heat input is controlled within 20 kJ/cm;
d. preserving the temperature of the welded workpiece for at least 2 hours at the temperature of 200-250 ℃, and naturally cooling the welded workpiece in a heat preservation device until the temperature is room temperature:
and (3) keeping the temperature of the workpiece at 475 +/-15 ℃ for at least 8 hours, wherein the heating speed is not more than 100 ℃/h, and the cooling speed is not more than 50 ℃/h before cooling to 200 ℃.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein in step c, the included angle of the welded portion of the workpiece is made larger than 60 °, the width of the weld is not larger than 8mm, the thickness of the weld is not larger than 6mm, and the ratio of the width of the weld to the penetration of the weld is 1.5-2.
3. A method of welding nickel aluminium bronze workpieces as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step b the workpieces are preheated using infrared heating plates.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising a post-heating device, wherein the post-heating device comprises a rack, a heating box and an insulation box, the heating box and the insulation box are covered on the rack side by side, a communication hole is formed between adjacent side walls of the heating box and the insulation box, a feeding door is arranged on one side of the heating box away from the insulation box, a discharging door is arranged on one side of the insulation box away from the heating box, a conveying belt extending from the feeding door to the discharging door is arranged on the rack, a fan is arranged at the communication hole, the fan faces one side of the heating box, a heating pipe is arranged on the front side of the fan, a temperature sensor is arranged in the heating box, the conveying speed of the conveying belt is v, the length of the heating box in the extending direction of the conveying belt is a, and 2.2v or more and 3v, in step d, the air flow blown out by the fan is heated by the heating pipe and then blown into the heating box, then opening a feeding door of the heating box, placing the welded workpiece on a conveyor belt, and maintaining the temperature of the workpiece between 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ by high-temperature air in the heating box; the conveying belt conveys the workpiece into the heat preservation box, the workpiece stays in the heating box for at least 2 hours, and then the workpiece enters the heat preservation box through the communicating holes to be naturally cooled.
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