CN104801848A - Method for adjusting and controlling brittle phase in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding joint - Google Patents
Method for adjusting and controlling brittle phase in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN104801848A CN104801848A CN201510241538.6A CN201510241538A CN104801848A CN 104801848 A CN104801848 A CN 104801848A CN 201510241538 A CN201510241538 A CN 201510241538A CN 104801848 A CN104801848 A CN 104801848A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/16—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
- B23K20/2333—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer one layer being aluminium, magnesium or beryllium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for adjusting and controlling the brittle phase in a titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding joint. The method adopts the principle of introducing a third alloy element by adding a zinc-based intermediate layer to block the direct contact between titanium atom and aluminum atom, so as to disturb the generation of brittle phase in a Ti-Al system. The method comprises the following specific steps: mounting a self-made stirring head; clamping a workpiece to be welded and a zinc-based intermediate layer material, and laying the zinc-based intermediate layer material in a position butted with the workpiece to be welded; adjusting the position of the stirring head, so as to enable the stirring head to be in an initial position; setting welding technical parameters including the rotate speed of the stirring head, a welding speed, a welding dip angle and press amount; ensuring that a stirring pin is pressed into the workpiece under the technical parameters and moves in the direction parallel with the joint of the workpiece to be welded at the welding speed, and accomplishing the friction stir welding of the workpiece to be welded. The method realizes the adjustment and control of the brittle phase in the titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding joint, and effectively improves the performance of the welding joint.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of regulate and control the method for brittlement phase in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding, belong to Welding Metallurgy field.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy density is low, corrosion resistance and good economy performance, is the metal material of extensive use in the high-technology fields such as current Aero-Space, weaponry; Titanium alloy due to have corrosion-resistant, specific strength is high and the advantage such as shock resistance, become aerospace field and develop new material rapidly.In aerospace industry and auto industry, because titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal composite component meets the requirement for " weight reduction, raising promote ratio, increase payload ", it is made to be widely used, as seat rail, wing honeycomb interlayer etc.
But, the element such as nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen in air vivaciously, is very easily absorbed due to titanium, aluminum chemistry character, in addition because physical chemical differences between these two kinds of metals is larger, have in " metallurgical incompatibility " welding process and very easily form intermetallic compound, therefore, when traditional welding method welds titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal, joint mechanical property is poor, can not meet the instructions for use in industry far away.In welding process, very easily form inclusion defect, and two kinds of metal physical and chemical performance differences are huge, the therefore weldability of titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal, especially traditional melting weldability is very poor, is difficult to obtain excellent welding point.
Agitating friction welding technology is invented in 1991 by Britain's institute of welding, compared with conventional fused weldering, in friction stir welding process, material does not melt, belong to the category of Solid-phase welding, the advantages such as it has welding deformation and residual stress is little, weld defect is few, excellent in mechanical performance are that a kind of low energy consumption, efficiency are high, the Novel welding method of good quality.Be rapidly developed in the various aspects of industrial circle at present, but easily generate brittlement phase in the friction stir welding of titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal and the skewness of brittlement phase, cause the instability of joint performance, the severe exacerbation mechanical property of joint, its widely application prospect be limited to a certain extent.
Summary of the invention
In order to reduce the adverse effect of Ti-Al system brittlement phase Welding on Properties of Welding Joint, improve the performance of joint, the invention provides a kind of regulate and control the method for brittlement phase in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding joint, by adding zinc-base intermediate layer material, the formation of brittle intermetallic thing is intercepted and disturbed, control quantity and the kind of brittlement phase in joint, thus arrive kind and the quantity of regulation and control brittle intermetallic thing, realize effective connection of titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal.
The principle of zinc-base intermediate layer regulation and control is: the fusing point of zinc is 419.5 DEG C, in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal stir friction welding process, when the zinc melted is cooled to 382 DEG C, eutectic reaction is there is and generates γ+β eutectic in the mass fraction of zinc 80.2% ~ 94.9% time, there is eutectoid reaction and generate eutectoid α (Al)+β (Zn) in γ phase, separate out stable solid solution β (Zn) and α (Al) in cool to room temperature process respectively 275 DEG C time.From Al-Zn binary phase diagraml, be no matter the change of temperature, or the change of Zn content, all can not produce Al-Zn intermetallic compound.From Zn/Ti binary phase diagraml, Zn and Ti is short and sweet in the reaction of each temperature, the Zn-Ti intermetallic compound generated under different Zn content is more single, being easy to control, therefore introducing by adding zinc-base intermediate layer material the object that the third element Zn can reach regulation and control Ti-Al system brittlement phase in theory.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems specifically comprises the steps:
The first step, installs self-control stirring-head, certain thickness strip zinc-base intermediate layer material is fixed on the seam crossing of titanium/aluminium material to be welded, in welding process, Al and Alalloy is placed in and returns to side, and titanium or titanium alloy is placed in advance side, described in return to side and described advance side material place be seam.
Second step, the position of adjustment stirring-head makes it be in weld start position, and by described mixing needle and seam centering.
3rd step, arranges the technological parameter in welding process, and described technological parameter comprises Rotating speed, speed of welding, welding inclination angle and volume under pressure.
4th step, mixing needle is pushed down into material to be welded at above-mentioned technological parameter, moves along being parallel to material joints direction to be welded under above-mentioned speed of welding simultaneously, completes to treat welding material and carry out agitating friction welding.
Further, the thickness range of described zinc-base intermediate layer material is between 0.05-0.2 millimeter.
Further, described Rotating speed is 300-1000 rev/min, and speed of welding is 50-100 mm/min, and volume under pressure is 0.1-0.4 millimeter, and welding inclination angle is 1-3.5 degree.
Further, described aluminum or aluminum alloy is placed on and returns to side, and titanium or titanium alloy are positioned over advance side.
Further, described agitating friction welding is single pass butt welding.
Result of study shows, after joint adds zinc-base intermediate layer material, weld seam microhardness declines, and can reduce the generation of Ti-Al system brittlement phase to a certain extent, impel joint to be changed by the mode of brittle fracture to toughness+fragility combined rupture.Reach the object of regulation and control brittlement phase, change the intensity of joint.
The present invention has following major advantage:
1, friction stir welding is a kind of Solid-phase welding technology, in welding process thermal cycle maximum temperature lower than in dissimilar metal compared with the fusing point of low melting point mother metal, compared to other welding methods, can there is intermetallic metallurgical binding to be welded at a lower temperature in this technology, so can provide condition for the regulation and control of brittlement phase.
2, based on the deficiency existed in existing titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding welding point, introduce the third alloying element by adding intermediate layer material the brittlement phase affecting joint performance is regulated and controled, do not increasing on the basis of complex technical process, improving joint performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding welding process schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding welding point seam cross-section macro morphology.
In Fig. 1: 1-titanium or titanium alloy mother metal, 2-aluminum or aluminum alloy mother metal, 3-zinc-base intermediate layer material, 4-stirring-head, 5-weld seam, in Fig. 2: A-titanium or titanium alloy mother metal, B-aluminum or aluminum alloy mother metal, C-titanium/aluminium linkage interface.
Detailed description of the invention
Citing below describes the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail.
Described a kind of regulate and control the method for brittlement phase in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding, specifically comprise the following steps:
The first step, is arranged on stirring-head 4 on agitating friction welding equipment, titanium to be welded or titanium alloy workpiece 1 is placed on advance side, is placed on by aluminum or aluminum alloy workpiece 2 to be welded and returns to side.Zinc-base intermediate layer material 3 is placed on seam crossing, and afterwards by workpiece 1, workpiece 2 and intermediate layer material 3 are fixed on frock clamp.
Second step, regulates the original position of stirring-head 4, and stirring-head axis is aimed at the seaming position of workpiece 1,2 to be welded.
3rd step, arranges welding condition, comprises the rotary speed 300-1000 rev/min of stirring-head 4, speed of welding 50-100 mm/min, and volume under pressure is 0.1-0.4 millimeter, and welding inclination angle is 1-3.5 degree.
4th step, stirring-head 4 is slowly pressed into mother metal to be welded under the parameter of setting, and after adjustment volume under pressure, control stirring-head 4 is parallel to seam direction and moves forward, and forms weld seam 5.
The stirring-head adopted in the better case of the present invention, its mixing needle is cylindrical, and shaft shoulder diameter is 18mm, and mixing needle diameter is 6mm, and pin is long is 2.6mm.
Embodiment:
The present embodiment provides the regulate and control method of brittlement phase in a kind of TC4 titanium alloy and 2A14 aluminium alloy dissimilar metal friction stir welding, uses the zinc-base intermediate layer material that thickness is 0.05mm.Specifically comprise the following steps:
The first step, be that the stirring-head of 6mm is arranged on agitating friction soldering equipment by mixing needle diameter, be the seam crossing that the zinc-base intermediate layer material of 0.05mm is positioned over the thick TC4 titanium alloy of 3mm and the thick 2A14 aluminium alloy of 3mm by thickness, be fixed in afterwards on frock clamp.
Second step, regulates stirring-head to make it to be in welding start position, and mixing needle center line on stirring-head is aimed at the seaming position of TC4 titanium alloy and 2A14 aluminium alloy.
3rd step, arranges technological parameter, and rotary speed is set to 600 revs/min, and speed of welding is set to 60 mm/min, and welding Inclination maneuver is 2 degree.
4th step, after setting parameter completes, stirring-head, welds with 2A14 aluminium alloy with 2A12 aluminium alloy for returning to side, with the volume under pressure of 0.2mm TC4 titanium alloy to be welded for advance side with TC4 titanium alloy.
Under other welding condition square ones, relative to the welding point not adding zinc-base intermediate layer, this example obtains weld seam microhardness and declines, and Ti-Al system brittlement phase growing amount reduces, particularly TiAl
3reduce with the content of TiAl phase, and compared to when not adding zinc-base intermediate layer, in joint, generate TiAl
2, Zn
16ti, Ti
3al and TiAl
2etc. cenotype.The minimizing of Ti-Al system brittlement phase total amount and the generation of cenotype, impel joint to be changed by the mode of brittle fracture to toughness+fragility combined rupture.Reach the object of regulation and control brittlement phase, change the intensity of joint.
Claims (6)
1. regulate and control a method for brittlement phase in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
The first step, installs self-control stirring-head, certain thickness zinc-base intermediate layer material is fixed on the seam crossing of titanium to be welded/aluminium xenogenesis workpiece, in welding process, Al and Alalloy is placed in and returns to side, and titanium or titanium alloy is placed in advance side, described in return to side and described advance side absorption surface place be seam;
Second step, the position of adjustment stirring-head makes it be in weld start position, and by described mixing needle and seam centering;
3rd step, arranges the technological parameter in welding process, and described technological parameter comprises Rotating speed, speed of welding, welding inclination angle and volume under pressure;
4th step, mixing needle is pushed down into material to be welded at above-mentioned technological parameter, moves along being parallel to workpiece seam direction to be welded under above-mentioned speed of welding simultaneously, completes to treat welding material and carry out agitating friction welding.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of regulate and control the method for brittlement phase in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding joint, it is characterized in that, the thickness range of described zinc-base intermediate layer material is between 0.05mm-0.1mm.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of regulate and control the method for brittlement phase in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding joint, it is characterized in that, Rotating speed is 300-1000 rev/min, and speed of welding is 50-100 mm/min, volume under pressure is 0.1-0.4 millimeter, and welding inclination angle is 1-3.5 degree.
4. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of regulate and control the method for brittlement phase in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding joint, it is characterized in that, described Al and Alalloy is placed on and returns to side, and titanium or titanium alloy is positioned over advance side.
5. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of regulate and control the method for brittlement phase in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding, it is characterized in that, described agitating friction welding is single pass butt welding.
6. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of regulate and control the method for brittlement phase in titanium/aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding, it is characterized in that, zinc-base intermediate layer material add the generation that can reduce Ti-Al system brittlement phase, impel joint to be changed by the mode of brittle fracture to toughness+fragility combined rupture, improve the performance of joint.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN105108324A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-02 | 昆山斯格威电子科技有限公司 | Metal-plate butt welding test system and method based on friction stir welding |
| CN106181017A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of friction stir welding method of corronil |
| CN106239065A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-21 | 招商局铝业(重庆)有限公司 | The manufacture method of case and bag housing |
| CN108705199A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-10-26 | 江苏大学 | A kind of NiTi and Ti6Al4V dissimilar metals complex welding method |
| CN109877442A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-06-14 | 上海交通大学 | Improve the method for Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welding performance |
| CN110541093A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-06 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | Metal filling material for regulating brittle phase in titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal welding joint and application thereof |
| CN113118613A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-16 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | Dissimilar metal friction stir welding method with preset intermediate layer |
| CN114029608A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-02-11 | 南昌航空大学 | Thick plate friction stir welding method for aluminum and dissimilar metal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105108324A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-02 | 昆山斯格威电子科技有限公司 | Metal-plate butt welding test system and method based on friction stir welding |
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| CN106239065A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-21 | 招商局铝业(重庆)有限公司 | The manufacture method of case and bag housing |
| CN108705199A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-10-26 | 江苏大学 | A kind of NiTi and Ti6Al4V dissimilar metals complex welding method |
| CN109877442A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-06-14 | 上海交通大学 | Improve the method for Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welding performance |
| CN110541093A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-06 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | Metal filling material for regulating brittle phase in titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal welding joint and application thereof |
| CN110541093B (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-01-19 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | Metal filling material for regulating brittle phase in titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal welding joint and application thereof |
| CN113118613A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-16 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | Dissimilar metal friction stir welding method with preset intermediate layer |
| CN113118613B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-10-21 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | Dissimilar metal friction stir welding method with preset intermediate layer |
| CN114029608A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-02-11 | 南昌航空大学 | Thick plate friction stir welding method for aluminum and dissimilar metal |
| CN114029608B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2023-01-03 | 南昌航空大学 | Thick plate friction stir welding method for aluminum and dissimilar metal |
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| CN104801848B (en) | 2017-01-18 |
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