CN113197077A - Floating hardening method for potato test-tube plantlets - Google Patents
Floating hardening method for potato test-tube plantlets Download PDFInfo
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- CN113197077A CN113197077A CN202110687271.9A CN202110687271A CN113197077A CN 113197077 A CN113197077 A CN 113197077A CN 202110687271 A CN202110687271 A CN 202110687271A CN 113197077 A CN113197077 A CN 113197077A
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- seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Abstract
A floating hardening method for potato test-tube plantlets comprises the steps of building an arched shed in an open area, arranging an underground water tank in the arched shed, and covering the inner wall of the tank with a black plastic film; selecting a foam floating plug tray with a bottom hole formed at the bottom of the hole; mixing a substrate material rich in organic matters and a hydrophobic material to obtain a culture substrate, filling the culture substrate into a foam floating hole tray, then transplanting tissue culture seedlings, selecting potato tissue culture seedlings which grow robustly and have no yellowing and pollution on leaves, pouring the tissue culture seedlings out of a culture bottle, cutting off overlong root systems, cleaning the culture medium remained on the root systems, clamping the tissue culture seedlings by using tweezers to insert into the foam floating hole tray, moving the tissue culture seedlings into an arched shed after planting, placing the tissue culture seedlings on a water tank to be in a floating state, culturing for 15 days to 20 days to form strong seedlings, and then transplanting the strong seedlings to a field. The method has the advantages of convenient operation and low hardening-seedling cost, can obviously improve the seedling raising efficiency per unit area, improve the seedling raising quality, enhance the stress resistance of the potato seedlings, promote the root growth and effectively reduce the occurrence of field diseases.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of potato cultivation, and particularly relates to a floating seedling hardening method of potato test-tube seedlings.
Background
The technology of potato seedling transplantation originated in the 18 th century and was first studied and applied in europe, asia, north america and many other countries. Farmers plant seedling and transplant True Seeds (TPS) to replace Potato blocks after multi-generation planting so as to reduce variety degeneration caused by virus accumulation. The seedling raising and transplanting technology for the 20 th century live seeds is well developed and applied under the promotion of the international potato center, and is mainly and intensively used for seed reproduction in mountainous areas with difficult seed adjustment in China, India, Vietnam, Peru, Philippines and other developing countries. At present, various propagule seedling raising and transplanting modes such as whole potato seedling raising and breaking transplanting, bud breaking and seedling raising and transplanting, block seedling raising and transplanting and the like are derived from potato seedling raising and transplanting, and a good application effect is achieved in the production of seed potatoes and commercial potatoes.
At present, the most common potato breeder seed production mode at home and abroad adopts the test-tube plantlet combined with a temperature net room to produce virus-free seed potatoes. Firstly, planting test-tube plantlets in a greenhouse from test tubes, growing for a period of time, transplanting the plantlets into a net shed or directly growing in the greenhouse after the test-tube plantlets emit new roots and adapt to external environmental conditions, and obtaining small potato blocks produced in the season as original seeds. Due to the different substrates, the tubers produced in the season are different in size and number. The conventional and commonly used substrates are mainly vermiculite, perlite and turf or are added with some farmyard manure, the substrates are mixed and prepared according to a certain proportion and reasonably and densely planted, the produced original seed potato blocks are small, but the number of the original seeds harvested in unit area is large, about 150 seeds can be harvested per square meter, and the weight is generally between 3 and 20 grams; in addition, soil is also used as a substrate directly, the number of original prototuber potatoes connected with the soil substrate is small, generally less than 100 potato tuber blocks per square meter, but the potato seed blocks are large, generally between 20 and 60 grams, and can be cut into blocks for planting. The key link of the original stock seed production mode is that the test-tube seedlings are transplanted in a greenhouse for hardening off seedlings, the transplanting seedling rate is low, the seedlings grow weakly, and the survival rate and the quality of the seedlings directly influence the yield of the original stock seeds after transplanting. However, the current research mainly focuses on how to culture strong seedlings in test tubes, and how to optimize the transplanting technology and improve the seedling rate.
The potato belongs to asexual propagation crops, and the test-tube plantlet formed after detoxification is separated from soil, so that diseases, insects and weeds spread by the soil are avoided, but under the condition of artificial control environment, the plant growth vigor is weak, the field adaptability is poor, and the seedling training before transplanting to a net shed is particularly important. At present, the seedling training mainly adopts the following modes, wherein the first mode is to select a sealing film with good air permeability to carry out variable temperature culture on the tissue culture seedlings so as to achieve the aim of strengthening the seedlings; secondly, adding a small amount of auxin into a strong seedling culture medium without cytokinin to reduce the concentration of inorganic salt for culturing for about 20 days, and continuously subculturing twice to achieve the purpose of strengthening the seedlings to a certain extent; and in the third mode, the culture bottle is conveyed to a seedling training room for illumination culture 6-8 days before field planting, the culture bottle cap is opened after 2-3 days to reduce the temperature and humidity in the bottle, water is sprayed every 2-3 hours in the daytime to keep the environmental humidity, and the seedling culture bottle is transplanted after 2-3 days. Finally, healthy and uniform potato seedlings which meet the transplanting standard are cultivated. The above methods can also achieve the purpose of seedling training, but still have the problems of high requirement on seedling training environment, complex operation, high technical requirement on operators, high seedling training cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low seedling transplanting yield and weak seedling growth vigor of test-tube potato seedlings in the prior art, and provides a method which has low requirement on seedling training environment, is simple and easy to operate, can improve the seedling rate in the seedling training link of the test-tube potato seedlings and can culture strong seedlings, so as to be beneficial to establishing a high-efficiency, high-quality and standardized high-yield planting mode for potato seeds.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the floating hardening off method of potato test-tube plantlets comprises the following steps:
(1) building a shed: building an arched shed in an open area with flat terrain and no shading of tall trees, wherein an underground water tank is arranged in the arched shed, the inner wall of the underground water tank is covered by a black plastic film, the depth of the water tank is more than 30cm, the depth of added water is at least 10cm, and the added water is clean and pollution-free water;
(2) selecting a floating disc: selecting a foam floating hole tray, wherein the bottom of each hole of the foam floating hole tray is provided with a bottom hole;
(3) preparing a culture medium and dishing: uniformly mixing a substrate material rich in organic matters and a hydrophobic material to prepare a culture substrate, and filling the culture substrate into holes of a foam floating plug tray;
(4) transplanting tissue culture seedlings: firstly, pouring seedlings and then transplanting; the seedling pouring is to select the potato tissue culture seedlings which are thick and strong in growth, have no yellow leaves and are pollution-free, pour the potato tissue culture seedlings out of a culture bottle, avoid stems from being broken, cut off overlong root systems, and clean the culture medium remained on the root systems after being taken out for transplanting; before transplanting, firstly adjusting the moisture content of the culture medium in the foam floating hole tray until the culture medium can be conglobated by holding by hands, and naturally dispersing after loosening, then clamping the tissue culture seedlings by using forceps and inserting the tissue culture seedlings into holes of the foam floating hole tray, moving the tissue culture seedlings into an arched shed after planting, placing the foam floating hole tray on a water tank to be in a floating state, and culturing the transplanted seedlings;
(5) managing transplanted seedlings: investigating the growth vigor of the seedlings in the foam floating plug tray every 1 day, and finding out plant diseases and insect pests to prevent and treat in time; controlling the temperature in the arch shed to be not more than 30 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70 percent; culturing for 15-20 days to form strong seedlings, and transplanting the strong seedlings to a field.
Further, the matrix material rich in organic matters is one or more of peat, turf, carbonized crops and decomposed crop residues; the hydrophobic material is one or a mixture of vermiculite and expanded perlite.
Further, in the culture medium, the mass ratio of the organic matter-rich substrate material to the hydrophobic material is 7: 3.
further, when the tissue culture seedlings are clamped by tweezers and inserted into the holes of the foam floating plug tray, if the seedling plants are too long, the seedling plants are cut off under the leaves of the seedling plants and are divided into 2-3 sections which are respectively planted into different holes.
Further, when the temperature in the arched shed exceeds 30 ℃, shed films on two sides of the arched shed are opened, and air is exhausted to remove moisture so as to reduce the temperature.
The method adopts a floating seedling raising technology to culture the test-tube seedlings, can obviously improve the seedling raising efficiency per unit area, improve the seedling raising quality, enhance the stress resistance of the potato seedlings and promote the growth of root systems. The method has low requirement on the environment, only needs to select a proper environment to build the greenhouse, is convenient to operate, has low hardening cost and can obtain better economic benefit. The transplanted potato seedlings are good in uniformity and developed in root system, and the occurrence of field diseases can be effectively reduced. The invention effectively overcomes the defects in the prior art and provides better technical support for fully intensive seedling culture, commercialized seedling supply and standardized production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples.
The floating hardening off method of potato test-tube plantlets comprises the following steps:
(1) building a shed: and (4) constructing an arched shed in a flat and open area with a nearer water source without tall trees nearby so as to prevent shading. An underground water tank is arranged in the arched shed, the inner wall of the underground water tank is covered by a black plastic film, the depth of the water tank is more than 30cm, the depth of water added is at least 10cm, the added water is clean and pollution-free water, and tap water and well water can be used, and polluted river water is forbidden to prevent and treat diseases;
(2) selecting a floating disc: a foam floating hole tray is selected, and a bottom hole is formed at the bottom of each hole of the foam floating hole tray. The foam floating plug tray is directly purchased from the market. The specifications of the economical and reasonable foam floating plug tray are 65 cm in length, 34 cm in width and 5 cm in height, each plug tray is provided with 162 holes, and the bottom of each hole is provided with a bottom hole with the diameter of about 0.8 cm;
(3) preparing a culture medium and dishing: uniformly mixing the substrate material rich in organic matters and the hydrophobic material to prepare a culture substrate, and filling the culture substrate into holes of the foam floating plug tray. When the potato seedlings are placed in the tray, the cultivation medium in the hole tray is kept to be natural and full as much as possible, and the potato seedlings can naturally absorb nutrient moisture and nutrient through bottom holes of the hole tray. The substrate material rich in organic matters is one or a mixture of more of peat, turf, carbonized crops, decomposed crop residues and the like. The hydrophobic material is one or a mixture of two of vermiculite, expanded perlite and the like. In the culture medium, the mass ratio of the substrate material rich in organic matters to the hydrophobic material is 7: 3;
(4) transplanting tissue culture seedlings: firstly, pouring seedlings and then transplanting; the seedling pouring is to select the potato tissue culture seedlings which are thick and strong in growth, have no yellow leaves and are pollution-free, pour the potato tissue culture seedlings out of a culture bottle, avoid stems from being broken, cut off long root systems and facilitate transplanting, and clean the culture medium remained on the root systems after being taken out for transplanting; before transplanting, the moisture content of the culture medium in the foam floating hole tray is adjusted, the culture medium can be held by hands to form a cluster, the culture medium can be naturally dispersed after loosening, and the seedling transplanting is most suitable and convenient. Then clamping the tissue culture seedlings by using tweezers and inserting the tissue culture seedlings into holes of the foam floating plug tray, transplanting the foam floating plug tray into an arched shed in time after all the holes of one foam floating plug tray are planted with the seedlings, placing the foam floating plug tray on a water tank to be in a floating state, and culturing the transplanted seedlings. The seedlings which cannot be transplanted in time on the day need to be stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ to prevent dead seedlings. When transplanting, if the seedling plant is too long, the seedling plant can be cut off under the leaf blade and divided into several sections, and the sections can be respectively planted into different holes. Generally, the seedling plant can be cut off under the leaf blade of the seedling plant and divided into 2-3 sections;
(5) managing transplanted seedlings: investigating the growth vigor of the seedlings in the foam floating plug tray every 1 day, and finding out plant diseases and insect pests to prevent and treat in time; the temperature in the arch shed is controlled not to exceed 30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 60-70%. When the temperature in the arched shed exceeds 30 ℃, shed films on two sides of the arched shed are opened, and air is exhausted to remove moisture so as to reduce the temperature. After culturing for 15-20 days, strong seedlings are formed, and then the seedlings can be transplanted to a field. The survival rate of the transplanted seedlings can reach 99%.
Claims (5)
1. The floating hardening off method of the potato test-tube plantlet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) building a shed: building an arched shed in an open area with flat terrain and no shading of tall trees, wherein an underground water tank is arranged in the arched shed, the inner wall of the underground water tank is covered by a black plastic film, the depth of the water tank is more than 30cm, the depth of added water is at least 10cm, and the added water is clean and pollution-free water;
(2) selecting a floating disc: selecting a foam floating hole tray, wherein the bottom of each hole of the foam floating hole tray is provided with a bottom hole;
(3) preparing a culture medium and dishing: uniformly mixing a substrate material rich in organic matters and a hydrophobic material to prepare a culture substrate, and filling the culture substrate into holes of a foam floating plug tray;
(4) transplanting tissue culture seedlings: firstly, pouring seedlings and then transplanting; the seedling pouring is to select the potato tissue culture seedlings which are thick and strong in growth, have no yellow leaves and are pollution-free, pour the potato tissue culture seedlings out of a culture bottle, avoid stems from being broken, cut off overlong root systems, and clean the culture medium remained on the root systems after being taken out for transplanting; before transplanting, firstly adjusting the moisture content of the culture medium in the foam floating hole tray until the culture medium can be conglobated by holding by hands, and naturally dispersing after loosening, then clamping the tissue culture seedlings by using forceps and inserting the tissue culture seedlings into holes of the foam floating hole tray, moving the tissue culture seedlings into an arched shed after planting, placing the foam floating hole tray on a water tank to be in a floating state, and culturing the transplanted seedlings;
(5) managing transplanted seedlings: investigating the growth vigor of the seedlings in the foam floating plug tray every 1 day, and finding out plant diseases and insect pests to prevent and treat in time; controlling the temperature in the arch shed to be not more than 30 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70 percent; culturing for 15-20 days to form strong seedlings, and transplanting the strong seedlings to a field.
2. The floating acclimatization method for potato test-tube plantlets according to claim 1, wherein the organic-rich matrix material is one or more of peat, turf, carbonized crops and decomposed crop residues; the hydrophobic material is one or a mixture of vermiculite and expanded perlite.
3. The floating hardening off method of potato test-tube plantlets according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the cultivation substrate, the mass ratio of the organic-rich substrate material to the hydrophobic material is 7: 3.
4. the floating acclimatization method for potato test-tube plantlets according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the tissue culture plantlets are clamped by tweezers and inserted into the holes of the foam floating plug tray, if the plantlets are too long, the plantlets are cut under the leaves of the plantlets and divided into 2-3 segments, and the segments are planted into different holes respectively.
5. The floating acclimatization method of potato test-tube plantlets according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the temperature in the arched shed exceeds 30 ℃, shed films on two sides of the arched shed are opened, and air is exhausted to reduce the temperature.
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| CN202110687271.9A CN113197077A (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Floating hardening method for potato test-tube plantlets |
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| CN202110687271.9A CN113197077A (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Floating hardening method for potato test-tube plantlets |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114027132A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-11 | 云南农业大学 | Method for producing potato breeder's seed by using fungus stick compound matrix |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103039225A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-04-17 | 李奋勇 | Floating exercising seedling and cultivating method of dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedling |
| CN105724206A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-07-06 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | Potato-seed-bud floating seedling raising method |
| CN110583141A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-20 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | Potato seed floating seedling transplantation method |
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- 2021-06-21 CN CN202110687271.9A patent/CN113197077A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103039225A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-04-17 | 李奋勇 | Floating exercising seedling and cultivating method of dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedling |
| CN105724206A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-07-06 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | Potato-seed-bud floating seedling raising method |
| CN110583141A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-20 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | Potato seed floating seedling transplantation method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张丽芳等: "人参果脱毒组培苗炼苗技术" * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114027132A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-11 | 云南农业大学 | Method for producing potato breeder's seed by using fungus stick compound matrix |
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