CN113193470A - Preparation method of saturable absorber and fiber laser - Google Patents
Preparation method of saturable absorber and fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN113193470A CN113193470A CN202110472373.9A CN202110472373A CN113193470A CN 113193470 A CN113193470 A CN 113193470A CN 202110472373 A CN202110472373 A CN 202110472373A CN 113193470 A CN113193470 A CN 113193470A
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlorotungsten Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)Cl YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 23
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- VPXSRGLTQINCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicesium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O VPXSRGLTQINCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/1061—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using a variable absorption device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/136—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling devices placed within the cavity
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a saturable absorber, which comprises the steps of mixing cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorods, a film-forming agent and water to form a mixed solution; carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed solution by an ultrasonic machine to form a suspension; and coating the suspension on the surface of glass, and drying to obtain the saturable absorber of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod. The cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod and the film-forming agent are used as raw materials to prepare the saturable absorber, and the method is simple and high in universality. In addition, the invention also discloses a pulse fiber laser using the saturable absorber, which provides possibility for the performance optimization of the pulse fiber laser and the realization of an infrared pulse fiber laser in a longer wave band, and can greatly reduce the application cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pulse laser, in particular to a preparation method of a saturable absorber, the saturable absorber and a laser.
Background
The fiber laser is always a hot research object in the laser field, and particularly, the pulse fiber laser not only has high peak power, large pulse energy and pulse width reaching femtosecond magnitude, but also has the outstanding characteristics of high integration level, good beam quality, easiness in maintenance and the like, so that the fiber laser has wide application in the fields of industrial processing, laser communication, biomedical, scientific research, military and the like. The requirements of practical application demand the miniaturization, multi-wavelength, core device functionalization and low cost development of the pulse fiber laser. Therefore, the continuous update of the related technology of the pulse fiber laser and the continuous optimization of the performance are always the research hotspots in the field.
The Q-switching technology and the mode-locking technology are two important technologies for realizing the pulse fiber laser, the Q-switching technology can realize the large-energy long pulse laser with adjustable pulse width and repetition frequency, and the mode-locking technology can realize the ultrashort pulse laser with the pulse width in the femtosecond magnitude. The two technologies are divided into active and passive technologies, namely active/passive Q-switching and mode-locking technologies, and the fiber lasers adopting the corresponding technologies are called as active/passive Q-switching and mode-locking fiber lasers. The laser based on the active modulation technology needs to introduce an acousto-optic or electro-optic modulator which needs to be driven into the laser, and a laser system has a complex structure, low integration level and high cost, is easily influenced by external environmental factor changes, and leads to poor output stability of the laser. The Q-switched or mode-locked fiber laser based on the passive modulation technology mainly completes the pulse modulation process based on the saturable absorption effect, the laser system has a more compact structure and better output stability, and a high-integration full-fiber structure is easy to realize. For example, a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, carbon nanotubes, gold nanorods, graphene, black phosphorus and other materials are used for preparing a saturable absorber device, so that passive Q-switching or mode-locked laser output is realized. These materials exhibit good saturable absorber properties such as high nonlinear coefficient, fast response recovery time. But still has some disadvantages, such as low thermal damage threshold of the semiconductor saturable absorption mirror and narrow nonlinear absorption bandwidth; the absorption characteristics of the carbon nano tube and the gold nano rod are related to the tube diameter and the length-diameter ratio, and certain nonlinear absorption loss is easily introduced. Two-dimensional materials such as graphene, black phosphorus and the like have the size of hundreds of nanometers, are poor in dispersibility in a solution, and are prone to degrading the performance of a saturable absorber, and the stability of a pulse laser is affected. And the modulation depth of the graphene saturable absorber is relatively low, which is not beneficial to the realization of ultrashort pulse.
Therefore, the method has important significance for exploring a novel high-performance saturable absorber, such as simple preparation process, low cost, flexible parameter regulation and control, and particularly a saturable absorber with wider nonlinear absorption bandwidth, and can realize multiband pulse laser output.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel saturable absorber material which is prepared by mixing and drying cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorods and a film-forming agent, and the prepared saturable absorber is applied to a laser, shows excellent performance and realizes stable laser output.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of making a saturable absorber, comprising:
mixing the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod, a film-forming agent and water to form a mixed solution;
carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed solution to form a suspension;
and coating the suspension on the surface of glass, and drying to obtain the saturable absorber of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod.
Preferably, the film forming agent is one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Preferably, the preparation of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod comprises the following steps:
adding tungsten chloride into absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare a tungsten chloride alcohol solution;
adding cesium hydroxide into the tungsten chloride alcoholic solution, and then adding an acetic acid solution to prepare a precursor solution;
placing the precursor solution in a reaction kettle to obtain a cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod solution;
and centrifuging and standing the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod solution, and removing the upper layer solution to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod.
Preferably, the temperature of the reaction kettle is 200-240 ℃.
Preferably, the mass portion of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod is 1-2, the mass portion of the film forming agent is 1, and the mass portion of the water is 997-998.
Preferably, the mass part of the tungsten chloride is 6.5, the mass part of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 786, the mass part of the cesium hydroxide is 1.5, and the mass part of the acetic acid solution is 206.
A fiber laser comprising:
a pump light source;
a gain medium;
the coupling device is arranged between the pumping light source and the gain medium, and can couple pumping light emitted by the pumping light source into the gain medium to form excited-state particles;
the laser cavity is an annular cavity or a linear cavity, is provided with a saturable absorber of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod, and can resonate with the excited-state particles to obtain pulse laser;
and the output coupler can acquire the pulse laser and can feed back 90% of the laser to the laser cavity for operation, and 10% of the laser is used as output laser.
Preferably, the pump light source is a semiconductor laser having an output wavelength of 980nm or a fiber laser having an output wavelength of 1570 nm.
Preferably, the coupling device is a wavelength division multiplexer, and the coupling wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer is 980/1060nm, 980/1550nm, or 1570/1980 nm; the working wavelength of the output coupler is 1060nm, 1550nm and 1980 nm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod has the characteristics of ultra-wide nonlinear absorption bandwidth, high nonlinear coefficient, quick recovery time, simplicity in manufacturing, easiness in integration with an optical fiber and the like, is used as a novel saturable absorption material, is used for realizing a multiband pulse optical fiber laser, and can greatly reduce the application cost.
The cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod is mixed with the film-forming agent, and the film-shaped saturable absorber is prepared by natural drying, so that the preparation method is simple and the universality is high.
The novel saturable absorber is applied to the pulse fiber laser, stable laser output can be realized, and possibility is provided for performance optimization of the laser or realization of mid-infrared pulse laser with longer wave band.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a saturable absorber provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an electron micrograph of cesium-doped oxide dock nanorods prepared in one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an absorption spectrum of cesium-doped oxide dock nanorods prepared in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a saturable absorption curve of a saturable absorber at a wavelength of 1060nm in one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a saturable absorption curve at 1560nm for a saturable absorber in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a saturable absorption curve of a saturable absorber at a wavelength of 1980nm in one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a ring-shaped cavity passive mode-locked fiber laser according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the output pulsed laser spectrum of a saturable absorber for implementing a 1060nm band passively mode-locked fiber laser in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a pulse sequence for a saturable absorber to achieve a 1060nm band passively mode-locked fiber laser in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10 shows the output pulsed laser spectrum of a saturable absorber for achieving a 1560nm band passively mode-locked fiber laser in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a diagram of the output pulse sequence for a saturable absorber to implement a 1560nm band passively mode-locked fiber laser in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a diagram of the output pulsed laser spectrum of a saturable absorber for achieving a 1980nm band passively mode-locked fiber laser in one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 13 is a diagram of the output pulse sequence of a saturable absorber for realizing a 1980nm band passive mode-locked fiber laser in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 shows the output pulsed laser spectrum of a 1560nm band passively Q-switched fiber laser with a saturable absorber in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 15 shows the variation trend of the pulse repetition frequency and pulse width with the pump power of the saturable absorber for realizing the 1560nm wave band passive Q-switched fiber laser in one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "in", "upper", "lower", "lateral", "inner", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; may be a mechanical connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention provides a saturable absorber, which takes cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorods and a film-forming agent as raw materials, and as shown in figure 1, the preparation process specifically comprises the following steps:
s100, mixing the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod, the film-forming agent and water to form a mixed solution.
The cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod is obtained by preparation, and the specific process is as follows:
adding tungsten chloride into absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare a tungsten chloride alcohol solution;
adding cesium hydroxide into a tungsten chloride alcohol solution, and then adding an acetic acid solution to prepare a precursor solution;
placing the precursor solution in a high-temperature reaction kettle at the temperature of 200-240 ℃ to obtain a cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod solution;
and centrifuging and standing the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod solution, and removing the upper layer solution to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod.
Wherein the mass portion of the tungsten chloride is 0.2-0.3, the mass portion of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 40, the mass portion of the cesium hydroxide is 0.05-0.07, and the mass portion of the acetic acid solution is 10.
Furthermore, the mass portion of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorods in the mixed solution is 0.05-0.25, the mass portion of the film-forming agent is 6-10, and the mass portion of the water is 1000.
S200, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed solution by an ultrasonic machine to form a suspension.
The nano-rods and the film forming agent are uniformly dispersed in water by an ultrasonic dispersion method to form a uniform suspension.
S300, coating the suspension on the surface of glass, and drying to obtain the saturable absorber of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod.
The saturable absorber prepared by the method is in a film shape and has uniform texture.
In one exemplary embodiment, a saturable absorber is prepared by:
adding 0.29 part of tungsten chloride into 40 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly mixing, and stirring to obtain a bright yellow tungsten chloride alcohol solution; then 0.065 part of cesium hydroxide is added to the tungsten chloride alcohol solution and stirred uniformly. And then adding 10 parts of acetic acid solution to obtain a precursor solution, and standing the precursor solution in a high-temperature reaction kettle at the temperature of 240 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod solution.
8mL of the cesium-doped oxide nanorod solution is placed in a centrifugal test tube and centrifuged at the speed of 10000 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes; removing the upper layer solution, and dispersing and precipitating by using deionized water to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod.
And (3) scanning the prepared cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod under an electron microscope, observing the surface morphology of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod, and measuring the absorption spectrum of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod by using a spectrophotometer.
As shown in FIG. 2, the length of the cesium-doped oxide dock nanorods prepared in this example varied from 50nm to 70 nm.
As shown in FIG. 3, the cesium-doped oxide dock nanorod prepared in this example has a broadband absorption characteristic with a wavelength coverage range of 800nm to 2700 nm.
0.1 part of cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod, 8 parts of film-forming agent and 1000 parts of water are mixed to form a mixed solution, the mixed solution is placed in an ultrasonic machine for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to form a suspension, the suspension is coated on the surface of clean quartz glass, and the suspension is naturally dried into a film shape at room temperature, so that the saturable absorber of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod is obtained. The nonlinear absorption curves of the saturable absorber at different wavebands are characterized, and the results are shown in FIGS. 4-6.
FIG. 4 is a saturable absorption curve of a saturable absorber at a wavelength of 1060 nm. As shown, the saturable absorber has a modulation depth of 14.10% measured at 1060nm and a saturation power density of 1.67MW/cm2The unsaturated absorption loss was 12.50%. Demonstrating the cesium-doped oxide dock nanorods prepared in this exampleThe saturable absorber has saturable absorption characteristics, and can be used as a saturable absorber to realize the mode-locked pulse laser with 1060nm wave band.
FIG. 5 is a saturable absorption curve of a saturable absorber at 1560nm wavelength band. As shown, the saturable absorber measured a modulation depth of 19.10% at 1560nm and a saturation power density of 10.90MW/cm2The unsaturated absorption loss was 30.00%. Proved that the saturable absorber of the cesium-doped dock oxide nanorod prepared in the embodiment has saturable absorption characteristics, and can be used as a saturable absorber to realize mode-locked pulse laser with 1560nm wave band.
FIG. 6 is a saturable absorption curve of a saturable absorber at a 1980nm wavelength band. As shown, the saturable absorber has a modulation depth of 18.00% measured at 1980nm and a saturation power density of 10.09MW/cm2The unsaturated absorption loss was 16.00%. The saturable absorber of the cesium-doped dock oxide nanorod prepared in the embodiment has saturable absorption characteristics, and can be used as a saturable absorber to realize mode-locked pulse laser with a 1980nm waveband.
In conclusion, the saturable absorber doped with the cesium oxide nanorods has a wider nonlinear absorption bandwidth, can be used as a novel broadband saturable absorber, realizes a multiband pulse optical fiber laser, and greatly reduces application cost.
In another example, based on the preparation method of the above-mentioned classical example, a plurality of saturable absorbers of cesium-doped oxide nanorods were prepared using different ratios, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 saturable absorber samples of cesium oxide doped nanorods
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser according to the present invention. The method comprises the following steps: a pump light source 100, a coupling device 200, a gain medium 300, a fiber isolator 400, a laser cavity 500 and an output coupler 600, and a saturable absorber 700.
A pump light source 100;
a gain medium 300;
a coupling device 200, disposed between the pump light source and the gain medium, for coupling the pump light emitted from the pump light source into the gain medium to form excited particles;
a fiber isolator 400; the laser cavity 500 is an annular cavity or a linear cavity, and a saturable absorber doped with cesium tungsten oxide nanorods is arranged in the laser cavity 500, so that excited-state particles can resonate to obtain pulse laser;
and an output coupler 600 capable of taking the pulsed laser and feeding back 90% of the pulsed laser to the laser cavity for operation, 10% being used as output laser.
The pumping light source 100 is a semiconductor laser with an output wavelength of 980nm or a fiber laser with an output wavelength of 1570 nm. The gain medium 300 is a ytterbium-doped gain fiber, an erbium ion-doped gain fiber, or a thulium ion-doped gain fiber. The coupling device 200 is a wavelength division multiplexer and the coupling wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer is 980/1060nm, 980/1550nm or 1570/1980 nm. The operating wavelengths of output coupler 600 are 1060nm, 1550nm, 1980 nm.
Example one
Adding 0.2 part of tungsten chloride into 40 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly mixing, and stirring to obtain a bright yellow mixed solution; then 0.05 part of cesium hydroxide was added to the aqueous solution of tungsten chloride, and stirred uniformly. And then adding 10 parts of acetic acid solution to obtain a precursor solution, and standing the precursor solution in a high-temperature reaction kettle at the temperature of 240 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod solution.
8mL of the cesium-doped oxide nanorod solution is placed in a centrifugal test tube and centrifuged at the speed of 10000 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes; removing the upper layer solution, and dispersing and precipitating by using deionized water to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod with the particle size of 50-70 nm.
0.05 part of cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod, 8 parts of film-forming agent and 1000 parts of water are mixed to form a mixed solution, the mixed solution is placed in an ultrasonic machine for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to form a suspension, the suspension is coated on the surface of clean quartz glass, and the suspension is naturally dried into a film shape at room temperature, so that a saturable absorber sample 1 of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod is obtained.
Based on saturable absorber sample 1, carry out the test that fiber laser obtained mode locking pulse, fiber laser includes: the pumping light source 100 is a semiconductor laser with output wavelength of 980 nm;
the coupling device 200 is a wavelength division multiplexer, and the coupling wavelength is 980/1060 nm;
the gain medium 300 is a section of 25cm long ytterbium-doped ion gain fiber;
the fiber isolator 400 is a 1060nm band polarization independent fiber isolator;
the operating wavelength of output coupler 600 is 1060 nm.
The saturable absorber is clamped in an optical fiber connector to form a sandwich structure, and is fixed by a flange plate and then is placed in a laser cavity, so that mode-locked pulse laser output is realized at a 1060nm waveband.
The working mode of the optical fiber laser is as follows:
the coupling device 200 couples pump light emitted by the pump light source 100 into the gain medium 300 to generate a laser signal with a wavelength of 1060nm, the optical fiber isolator 400 ensures unidirectional operation of laser, the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod saturable absorber 500 modulates the laser to obtain pulse laser, the output coupler 600 obtains the laser and feeds 90% of the output laser back to the laser cavity to continue to operate, 10% of the output laser is used for outputting the laser, and mode-locked pulse laser test is performed by using a spectrometer and an oscilloscope, and the result is shown in fig. 8-9.
Fig. 8 is a spectrum of output pulsed laser light of a saturable absorber for realizing a 1060nm band passive mode-locked laser. As shown in FIG. 8, the spectrum is a mode-locked pulse laser spectrum under a full-positive dispersion mode-locking mechanism, the center wavelength is 1058.30nm, and the full width at half maximum of the spectrum is 0.35 nm.
FIG. 9 is a pulse train diagram of a saturable absorber for implementing a 1060nm band mode-locked laser. As shown in fig. 9, the pulse train is a stable modelocked pulse train with adjacent pulses spaced 21.3ns apart and a repetition rate of 46.94 MHz.
Example two
Adding 0.25 part of tungsten chloride into 40 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly mixing, and stirring to obtain a bright yellow mixed solution; then 0.06 part of cesium hydroxide was added to the aqueous solution of tungsten chloride, and stirred uniformly. And then adding 10 parts of acetic acid solution to obtain a precursor solution, and standing the precursor solution in a high-temperature reaction kettle at the temperature of 240 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod solution.
8mL of the cesium-doped oxide nanorod solution is placed in a centrifugal test tube and centrifuged at the speed of 10000 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes; removing the upper layer solution, and dispersing and precipitating by using deionized water to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod with the particle size of 50-70 nm.
0.1 part of cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod, 7 parts of film-forming agent and 1000 parts of water are mixed to form a mixed solution, the mixed solution is placed in an ultrasonic machine for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to form a suspension, the suspension is coated on the surface of clean quartz glass, and the suspension is naturally dried into a film shape at room temperature, so that a saturable absorber sample 2 of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod is obtained.
Based on the saturable absorber sample 2 prepared, a mode locking test of a fiber laser was performed, the fiber laser including: the pumping light source 100 is a semiconductor laser with output wavelength of 980 nm;
the coupling device 200 is a wavelength division multiplexer, and the coupling wavelength is 980/1550 nm;
the gain medium 300 is a section of erbium ion doped gain fiber with the length of 23 cm;
the optical fiber isolator 400 is a 1550nm waveband polarization independent optical fiber isolator;
the operating wavelength of output coupler 600 is 1550 nm.
The saturable absorber is clamped in the optical fiber connector to form a sandwich structure, and is fixed by a flange plate and then is placed in a laser cavity, so that mode-locked pulse laser output is realized at 1550nm waveband.
The working mode of the optical fiber laser is as follows:
the coupling device 200 couples pump light emitted by the pump light source 100 into the gain medium 300 to generate a laser signal with a wavelength of 1550nm, the optical fiber isolator 400 ensures unidirectional operation of laser, the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod saturable absorber 500 modulates the laser to obtain pulse laser, the output coupler 600 obtains the laser and feeds 90% of the output laser back to the laser cavity to continue to operate, 10% of the output laser is used for outputting the laser, and mode-locked pulse laser test is performed by using a spectrometer and an oscilloscope, and the result is shown in fig. 10-11.
Fig. 10 is a spectrum of output pulsed laser light of a saturable absorber for realizing 1560nm band mode-locked laser. As shown in fig. 10, the spectrum is a soliton laser spectrum under a negative dispersion mode locking mechanism, the spectrum has a sideband characteristic, the center wavelength is 1560nm, and the full width at half maximum of the spectrum is 3.5 nm.
FIG. 11 is a pulse train diagram of a saturable absorber used to implement a 1560nm band mode-locked laser. As shown in fig. 11, the pulse train is a stable modelocked pulse train with adjacent pulses spaced 27ns apart and a repetition rate of 37 MHz.
EXAMPLE III
Adding 0.29 part of tungsten chloride into 40 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly mixing, and stirring to obtain a bright yellow mixed solution; then 0.065 part of cesium hydroxide was added to the tungsten chloride aqueous solution, and stirred uniformly. And then adding 10 parts of acetic acid solution to obtain a precursor solution, and standing the precursor solution in a high-temperature reaction kettle at the temperature of 240 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod solution.
8mL of the cesium-doped oxide nanorod solution is placed in a centrifugal test tube and centrifuged at the speed of 10000 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes; removing the upper layer solution, and dispersing and precipitating by using deionized water to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod with the particle size of 50-70 nm.
0.2 part of cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod, 8 parts of film-forming agent and 1000 parts of water are mixed to form a mixed solution, the mixed solution is placed in an ultrasonic machine for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to form a suspension, the suspension is coated on the surface of clean quartz glass, and the suspension is naturally dried into a film shape at room temperature, so that a saturable absorber sample 3 of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod is obtained.
Based on the saturable absorber sample 3 prepared, a mode locking test of a fiber laser was performed, the fiber laser including: the pumping light source 100 is a fiber laser with an output wavelength of 1570 nm;
the coupling device 200 is a wavelength division multiplexer, and the coupling wavelength is 1570/1980 nm;
the gain medium 300 is a section of gain optical fiber with 28cm length and doped with thulium ions;
the fiber isolator 400 is a 1980nm waveband polarization-independent fiber isolator;
the operating wavelength of the output coupler 600 is 1980 nm.
The saturable absorber is clamped on an optical fiber connector to form a sandwich structure, and is fixed by a flange plate and then is placed in a laser cavity to realize mode-locked pulse laser output at a 1980nm waveband.
The working mode of the optical fiber laser is as follows:
the coupling device 200 couples pump light emitted by the pump light source 100 into the gain medium 300 to generate continuous laser with a wavelength of 1980nm, the optical fiber isolator 400 ensures unidirectional operation of the laser, the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod saturable absorber 500 modulates the laser to obtain pulse laser, the output coupler 600 acquires the laser and feeds 90% of the output laser back to the laser cavity to continue to operate, 10% of the output laser is used for outputting the laser, and mode-locked pulse laser test is performed by using a spectrometer and an oscilloscope, and the result is shown in fig. 12-13.
FIG. 12 is a diagram of the output pulsed laser spectrum of a saturable absorber for achieving a 1980nm band mode-locked laser. As shown in fig. 12, the spectrum is a soliton laser spectrum under a negative dispersion mode locking mechanism, and the spectrum has a sideband characteristic; the central wavelength is 1981nm, and the full width at half maximum of the spectrum is 4 nm.
FIG. 13 is a pulse sequence diagram of a saturable absorber used to implement a 1980nm band mode-locked laser. As shown in fig. 13, the pulse train is a stable modelocked pulse train with adjacent pulses spaced 35.5ns apart and a repetition rate of 28.2 MHz.
Example four
Adding 0.3 part of tungsten chloride into 40 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly mixing, and stirring to obtain a bright yellow mixed solution; then 0.07 part of cesium hydroxide was added to the aqueous solution of tungsten chloride, and stirred uniformly. And then adding 10 parts of acetic acid solution to obtain a precursor solution, and standing the precursor solution in a high-temperature reaction kettle at the temperature of 240 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod solution.
8mL of the cesium-doped oxide nanorod solution is placed in a centrifugal test tube and centrifuged at the speed of 10000 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes; removing the upper layer solution, and dispersing and precipitating by using deionized water to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod with the particle size of 50-70 nm.
0.25(1) part of cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod, 10(1) part of film forming agent and 1000(998) parts of water are mixed to form a mixed solution, the mixed solution is placed in an ultrasonic machine for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to form a suspension, the suspension is coated on the surface of clean quartz glass, and the quartz glass is naturally dried into a film shape at room temperature, so that a saturated absorber sample 4 of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod is obtained.
Based on the saturable absorber sample 4 that makes, carry out the mode locking test of transfer Q fiber laser, fiber laser includes: the pumping light source 100 is a semiconductor laser with output wavelength of 980 nm;
the coupling device 200 is a wavelength division multiplexer, and the coupling wavelength is 980/1550 nm;
the gain medium 300 is a section of erbium ion doped gain fiber with the length of 23 cm;
the optical fiber isolator 400 is a 1550nm waveband polarization independent optical fiber isolator;
the operating wavelength of output coupler 600 is 1550 nm.
The saturable absorber is clamped on an optical fiber connector to form a sandwich structure, and is fixed by a flange plate and then is placed in a laser cavity, so that Q-switched pulse laser output is realized in a 1556nm waveband.
The working mode of the optical fiber laser is as follows:
the coupling device 200 couples pump light emitted by the pump light source 100 into the gain medium 300 to generate continuous laser with the wavelength of 1550nm, the optical fiber isolator 400 ensures unidirectional operation of the laser, the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod modulates the laser to obtain pulse laser through saturable absorption 700, the output coupler 600 obtains the laser and feeds 90% of the output laser back to the laser cavity to continue to operate, 10% of the output laser is used for outputting the laser, and mode-locked pulse laser test is performed by using a spectrometer and an oscilloscope, and the result is shown in fig. 14-15.
FIG. 14 is a diagram of the output pulsed laser spectrum of a saturable absorber for implementing a 1550nm band Q-switched laser. As shown in fig. 14, the spectrum is the output spectrum of the Q-switched fiber laser with a center wavelength of 1556 nm. Fig. 15 shows the variation of pulse repetition frequency and pulse width with pump power of a saturable absorber for implementing a 1550nm band Q-switched laser. As shown in fig. 15, the repetition rate and pulse width of the laser increase and decrease with the increase of the pump power, respectively, which is a typical characteristic of the Q-switched laser.
In conclusion, the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod prepared by the invention has a saturable absorber with a wider nonlinear absorption bandwidth, and an absorption peak is easy to flexibly regulate and control, so that the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod is beneficial to realizing a multiband or broadband tunable pulse optical fiber laser, and can be used for a ring cavity or linear cavity mode locking or Q-switched optical fiber laser.
Claims (10)
1. A method of making a saturable absorber, comprising:
mixing the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod, a film-forming agent and water to form a mixed solution;
carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the mixed solution to form a suspension;
and coating the suspension on the surface of glass, and drying to obtain the saturable absorber of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod.
2. The process for preparing a saturable absorber of claim 1, wherein the film-forming agent comprises one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
3. The method for preparing a saturable absorber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the preparation of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorods comprises the steps of:
adding tungsten chloride into absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare a tungsten chloride alcohol solution;
adding cesium hydroxide into the tungsten chloride alcoholic solution, and then adding an acetic acid solution to prepare a precursor solution;
placing the precursor solution in a reaction kettle to obtain a cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod solution;
and centrifuging and standing the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod solution, and removing the upper layer solution to obtain the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod.
4. The method for producing a saturable absorber according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the reaction vessel is 200 ℃ to 240 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the saturable absorber according to claim 4, wherein the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorods are 1 to 2 parts by mass, the film-forming agent is 1 part by mass, and the water is 997 to 998 parts by mass.
6. The method for producing a saturable absorber according to claim 5, wherein the mass part of the tungsten chloride is 6.5, the mass part of the anhydrous ethanol is 786, the mass part of the cesium hydroxide is 1.5, and the mass part of the acetic acid solution is 206.
7. A fiber laser, comprising:
a pump light source;
a gain medium;
the coupling device is arranged between the pumping light source and the gain medium, and can couple pumping light emitted by the pumping light source into the gain medium to form excited-state particles;
the laser cavity is an annular cavity or a linear cavity, is provided with a saturable absorber of the cesium-doped tungsten oxide nanorod, and can resonate with the excited-state particles to obtain pulse laser;
and the output coupler can acquire the pulse laser and can feed back 90% of the pulse laser to the laser cavity for operation, and 10% of the pulse laser is used as output laser.
8. The fiber laser of claim 7, wherein the pump light source is a semiconductor laser with an output wavelength of 980nm or a fiber laser with an output wavelength of 1570 nm.
9. The fiber laser of claim 8, wherein the gain medium is an ytterbium-doped gain fiber, an erbium-doped gain fiber, or a thulium-doped gain fiber.
10. The fiber laser of claim 8 or 9, wherein the coupling means is a wavelength division multiplexer, and the wavelength division multiplexer has a coupling wavelength of 980/1060nm, 980/1550nm, or 1570/1980 nm; the working wavelength of the output coupler is 1060nm, 1550nm and 1980 nm.
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