CN113179844A - Seedling raising method for improved variety of vernicia fordii seeds - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for improved variety of vernicia fordii seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN113179844A CN113179844A CN202110546882.1A CN202110546882A CN113179844A CN 113179844 A CN113179844 A CN 113179844A CN 202110546882 A CN202110546882 A CN 202110546882A CN 113179844 A CN113179844 A CN 113179844A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method of an improved variety of tung tree seeds, which comprises the following specific steps: selection of first improved variety: selecting seeds which are not damaged by worms, do not mildew and have good quality, and soaking the seeds in warm water; secondly, accelerating germination of seeds: fully and uniformly stirring the fine-breed paulownia seeds and clean river sand according to the proportion of 1:3, and spreading the mixture on a germination accelerating bed for accelerating germination; thirdly, selecting soil: measuring and improving soil; fourthly, seedling culture: drilling a sowing ditch, sowing seeds in the sowing ditch, covering soil, watering, spraying fertilizer liquid, spraying carbendazim for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, thinning, filling seedlings, ventilating and hardening seedlings, and removing an arched shed in the nightfall of a cloudy day or a sunny day after hardening seedlings. The invention carries out germination acceleration on the screened seeds, sprays a germination accelerating agent on a germination accelerating bed for accelerating germination, has the germination accelerating rate of over 95 percent, improves the soil, and carries out reasonable sowing and seedling raising, the survival rate of the seedling raising reaches over 95 percent, and the seedling has good growth vigor and no pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling culture, in particular to a seedling culture method for an improved variety of tung tree seeds.
Background
The folium Malloti Apeltae is also called Chinese Firmiana simplex, and is deciduous tree of Firmiana genus of Firmiana family. The tree has straight trunk, smooth and green bark, big and beautiful leaves, luxuriant branches and leaves, and is often planted in lawn, courtyard, isolated or cluster. Qingtong is fond of light, fond of warm climate and fertile soil, feared of waterlogging and fond of calcium, so limestone mountain land is common and grows well in plains, hills and mountain ditches.
After the green tung trees grow, the height of the green tung trees is 15-20m, the crowns of the green tung trees are oval, the trunks of the green tung trees are upright, the barks of the green tung trees are smooth and not cracked, and the small branches of the green tung trees are thick and emerald green. Single leaf growing alternately, 3-5 cleft palms, growing tip of panicle, yellow green flower, and fruit. The flowering period is 6-7 months, and the fruit is mature in 9-10 months.
As the green tung tree is a cotyledon soil-emerging type tree species, the emergence rate is influenced by over-thick soil covering or dry soil, the emergence rate is improved by adopting an arch shed film covering method at present, but the method cannot stimulate the germination of seeds to the maximum extent during seedling raising, and the breeding survival rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a seedling raising method for an improved variety of tung tree seeds, which solves the problems of low seedling raising rate and low survival rate of the tung tree seeds.
The seedling raising method for the improved variety of the jatropha curcas seeds provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps of:
selection of first and second improved variety
a. Selecting seeds which are not damaged by worms, do not mildew and have excellent quality and are harvested in the current year from adult robust mother trees;
b. soaking seeds for 2 hours by using 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution, washing the seeds by using clear water after disinfection and putting the seeds into a container;
c. pouring the seeds into a container filled with warm water at 50 ℃, stirring the seeds uniformly by using a stick, changing the warm water at 50 ℃ once every 12 hours, continuously soaking the seeds for 72 hours, and then taking the vernicia fordii seeds which are settled at the bottom of the water as fine seeds;
second, seed germination acceleration
a. Fully and uniformly mixing the improved green tung seeds with clean river sand according to the proportion of 1:3, spreading the mixture on a woven cloth on a germination accelerating bed for accelerating germination, building a small arched shed with the arch height of about 50cm above the germination accelerating bed, and covering a plastic film outside the small arched shed for heat preservation;
b. accelerating germination of seeds at the temperature of 24-27 ℃, spraying water to increase humidity, wherein the humidity range of a germination accelerating substrate is 50-60%, covering a straw mat on a plastic film at night, and sowing when the white exposure rate of the seeds reaches 30-40%;
third, soil selection
a. Measuring 0-20cm of soil on the surface layer of the soil, and measuring the water content, the pH value and the nutritional conditions in the soil;
b. the soil is sandy loam with the optimal water content of 10-15 percent and the pH value of 6.0-8.0, if the water content of the soil is insufficient, water is properly poured to supplement water, and other nutrient components and pH value can be improved by applying fertilizer on the surface of the soil and adjusting acid-base solution;
fourth, seedling raising
a. Drilling a drill seeding ditch with the depth of 1-2cm and the width of 20-30cm, sowing seeds in the seeding ditch, and covering 0.8-1.2cm of soil on the seeds;
b. covering with small arch shed after covering with soil, wherein the distance between the arch bars is preferably 50-60 cm, the highest point of the arch bar is preferably 40cm, and the curvature of the arch bar is consistent;
c. when the height of the seedling is 5-6cm, the number of the seedlings is 6-10/m2Thinning and replanting the seedlings at the density of (1), ventilating and hardening the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 10cm or more, wherein the ventilating time is preferably 10 am-16 pm every day, and the hardening time is 7-10 days;
d. and after the hardening is finished, removing the arched shed in the nightfall of cloudy days or sunny days.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step of pregerminating the seeds: fully and uniformly mixing the improved seed of the vernicia fordii and clean river sand according to the proportion of 1:3, and spreading the mixture on a woven cloth on a germination accelerating bed for accelerating germination, and spraying a germination accelerating agent, wherein the germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 1000mg of indoleacetic acid 600-152 mg, 30-80mg of glutamic acid, 250mg of fulvic acid salt 100-80 mg, 20-50mg of triacontanol, 25-80mg of acrylic acid, 5-15mg of chitosan-polyacrylic acid composite nano particles, 10-15mg of inositol, 5-10mg of gibberellin, 20-50mg of molybdenum sulfate and 1225-50 mg of vitamin b into 1kg of water, and dissolving the mixture to obtain the germination accelerating agent.
In other embodiments of the invention, the step b of selecting the soil comprises applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 150 parts of decomposed pig and cattle manure, 20-30 parts of organic compound fertilizer, 200 parts of fermented broken straw stalk and 1500 parts of water, mixing and stirring, crushing into slurry by a crusher, pouring the slurry on the soil, pouring the slurry with the thickness of 1-2cm, and performing infiltration for 2-3 days.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the acid-base adjusting solution in step b in the soil selection is a quicklime solution or a sulfur powder solution, and the addition amount of the acid-base adjusting solution is determined according to the soil acidity and alkalinity and the alkalinity acidity to be adjusted of the soil.
In other embodiments of the present invention, in the seedling-raising step c, ventilation hardening is performed at two ends of the arched shed, and after two days, ventilation openings are simultaneously arranged at intervals of about 2m on two sides of the arched shed for ventilation.
In other embodiments of the present invention, after the arch shed is removed in the seedling raising step e, the green tung tree seedlings are shaded, and the shading rate is 40% -50%.
In other embodiments of the present invention, after the seedling raising step, fertilizer application management is further performed: fertilizing is carried out twice all the year, and urea is mainly used for the first time in the last ten days of 5 months; in the middle 6 th month, compound fertilizer is mainly used, and watering can be combined after fertilization; and stopping fertilizing after 8 months.
In the invention, good seeds are selected firstly by hand, then the seeds are soaked and screened by warm water, the screened seeds are subjected to pregermination, a pregermination agent is sprayed on a pregermination bed for pregermination, the pregermination rate is up to more than 95%, soil is improved, reasonable sowing and seedling raising are carried out, the survival rate of the seedling raising is up to more than 95%, the seedling has good growth vigor and is free of pests.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
A seedling raising method for improved variety of vernicia fordii seeds comprises the following specific steps:
selection of first and second improved variety
a. Selecting seeds which are not damaged by worms, do not mildew and have excellent quality and are harvested in the current year from adult robust mother trees;
b. soaking seeds for 2 hours by using 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution, washing the seeds by using clear water after disinfection and putting the seeds into a container;
c. pouring the seeds into a container filled with warm water at 50 ℃, stirring the seeds uniformly by using a stick, changing the warm water at 50 ℃ once every 12 hours, continuously soaking the seeds for 72 hours, and then taking the vernicia fordii seeds which are settled at the bottom of the water as fine seeds;
second, seed germination acceleration
a. Fully and uniformly stirring fine-breed vernicia fordii seeds and clean river sand according to the proportion of 1:3, spreading the mixture on a woven cloth on a germination accelerating bed for accelerating germination, building a small arched shed with the arch height of about 50cm above the germination accelerating bed, covering a plastic film outside the small arched shed for heat preservation, and spraying and drying a germination accelerating agent after the small arched shed is spread, wherein the germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 600mg of indoleacetic acid, 30mg of glutamic acid, 100mg of fulvic acid salt, 20mg of triacontanol, 25mg of acrylic acid, 5mg of chitosan-polyacrylic acid composite nano particles, 10mg of inositol, 5mg of gibberellin, 20mg of molybdenum sulfate and 122 1225 mg of vitamin b into 1kg of water;
b. accelerating germination of seeds at the temperature of 24 ℃, spraying water to increase the humidity, wherein the humidity range of a germination accelerating matrix is 50%, covering a straw mat on a plastic film at night, and sowing when the white exposure rate of the seeds reaches 30%;
third, soil selection
a. Measuring 0-20cm of soil on the surface layer of the soil, and measuring the water content, the pH value and the nutritional conditions in the soil;
b. the soil is sandy loam with the water content of 10 percent and the pH value of the soil of 6.0, if the water content of the soil is insufficient, water is properly poured to supplement water, and other nutrient components and the pH value can be improved by applying fertilizer on the surface of the soil and adjusting acid and alkali;
the nutrient solution comprises base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 100 parts of decomposed pig and cattle manure, 20 parts of organic compound fertilizer, 150 parts of fermented straw stalk and 1000 parts of water, and is mixed and stirred, crushed into slurry by a crusher, poured on soil, poured in a thickness of 1cm and infiltrated for 2 days;
the acid-base regulating solution is a sulfur powder solution;
fourth, seedling raising
a. Drilling a drill seeding ditch with the depth of 0.8cm and the width of 20cm, sowing seeds in the seeding ditch, and covering 0.8cm of soil on the seeds;
b. covering with small arch shed after covering with soil, wherein the distance between the arch bars is preferably 60cm, the highest point of the arch bar is preferably 40cm, and the curvature of the arch bar is consistent;
c. when the height of the seedling is 5cm, the number of the seedlings is 10/m2Thinning and replanting are carried out at the density of (1), ventilation and hardening off are carried out when the height of the seedlings is 10cm and above, the ventilation time is preferably 10 am-16 pm every day, and the hardening off time is 10 days;
d. and after the hardening is finished, removing the arched shed in the nightfall of cloudy days or sunny days.
Example 2
A seedling raising method for improved variety of vernicia fordii seeds comprises the following specific steps:
selection of first and second improved variety
a. Selecting seeds which are not damaged by worms, do not mildew and have excellent quality and are harvested in the current year from adult robust mother trees;
b. soaking seeds for 2 hours by using 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution, washing the seeds by using clear water after disinfection and putting the seeds into a container;
c. pouring the seeds into a container filled with warm water at 50 ℃, stirring the seeds uniformly by using a stick, changing the warm water at 50 ℃ once every 12 hours, continuously soaking the seeds for 72 hours, and then taking the vernicia fordii seeds which are settled at the bottom of the water as fine seeds;
second, seed germination acceleration
a. Fully and uniformly stirring well-bred paulownia seeds and clean river sand according to the proportion of 1:3, spreading the mixture on a woven cloth on a germination accelerating bed for accelerating germination, building a small arched shed with the arch height of about 50cm above the germination accelerating bed, covering a plastic film outside the small arched shed for heat preservation, and spraying and drying a germination accelerating agent after the small arched shed is spread, wherein the germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 1000mg of indoleacetic acid, 80mg of glutamic acid, 250mg of fulvic acid salt, 50mg of triacontanol, 80mg of acrylic acid, 15mg of chitosan-polyacrylic acid composite nano particles, 15mg of inositol, 10mg of gibberellin, 50mg of molybdenum sulfate and 1250 mg of vitamin into 1kg of water;
b. accelerating germination of seeds at the temperature of 27 ℃, spraying water to increase the humidity, wherein the humidity range of a germination accelerating matrix is 60%, covering a straw mat on a plastic film at night, and sowing when the white exposure rate of the seeds reaches 40%;
third, soil selection
a. Measuring 0-20cm of soil on the surface layer of the soil, and measuring the water content, the pH value and the nutritional conditions in the soil;
b. the soil is sandy loam with the water content of 15 percent and the pH value of the soil of 8.0, if the water content of the soil is insufficient, water is properly poured for supplementing water, and other nutrient components and the pH value can be improved by spraying nutrient solution and acid-base regulating solution on the surface of the soil;
the nutrient solution comprises base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 150 parts of decomposed pig and cattle manure, 30 parts of organic compound fertilizer, 200 parts of fermented straw stalk and 1500 parts of water, and is mixed and stirred, crushed into slurry by a crusher, poured on soil, poured in a thickness of 2cm and permeated for 3 days;
the acid-base regulating solution is a quicklime solution;
fourth, seedling raising
a. Drilling a drill seeding ditch with the depth of 1.2cm and the width of 20cm, sowing seeds in the seeding ditch, and covering 1.2cm of soil on the seeds;
b. covering with small arch shed after covering with soil, wherein the distance between the arch bars is preferably 50cm, the highest point of the arch bar is preferably 40cm, and the curvature of the arch bar is consistent;
c. when the height of the seedling is 5cm, the number of the seedlings is 6/m2Thinning and replanting are carried out at the density of (1), ventilation and hardening off are carried out when the height of the seedlings is 10cm and above, the ventilation time is preferably 10 am-16 pm every day, and the hardening off time is 7 days;
d. and after the hardening is finished, removing the arched shed in the nightfall of cloudy days or sunny days.
Example 3
A seedling raising method for improved variety of vernicia fordii seeds comprises the following specific steps:
selection of first and second improved variety
a. Selecting seeds which are not damaged by worms, do not mildew and have excellent quality and are harvested in the current year from adult robust mother trees;
b. soaking seeds for 2 hours by using 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution, washing the seeds by using clear water after disinfection and putting the seeds into a container;
c. pouring the seeds into a container filled with warm water at 50 ℃, stirring the seeds uniformly by using a stick, changing the warm water at 50 ℃ once every 12 hours, continuously soaking the seeds for 72 hours, and then taking the vernicia fordii seeds which are settled at the bottom of the water as fine seeds;
second, seed germination acceleration
a. Fully and uniformly stirring fine-breed vernicia fordii seeds and clean river sand according to the proportion of 1:3, spreading the mixture on a woven cloth on a germination accelerating bed for accelerating germination, building a small arched shed with the arch height of about 50cm above the germination accelerating bed, covering a plastic film outside the small arched shed for heat preservation, and spraying and drying a germination accelerating agent after the small arched shed is spread, wherein the germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 800mg of indoleacetic acid, 50mg of glutamic acid, 180mg of fulvic acid salt, 35mg of triacontanol, 50mg of acrylic acid, 10mg of chitosan-polyacrylic acid composite nano particles, 12mg of inositol, 8mg of gibberellin, 35mg of molybdenum sulfate and 123 1235 mg of vitamin b into 1kg of water;
b. accelerating germination of seeds at the temperature of 25 ℃, spraying water to increase the humidity, wherein the humidity range of a germination accelerating matrix is 55%, covering a straw mat on a plastic film at night, and sowing when the white exposure rate of the seeds reaches 35%;
third, soil selection
a. Measuring 0-20cm of soil on the surface layer of the soil, and measuring the water content, the pH value and the nutritional conditions in the soil;
b. the soil is sandy loam with the water content of 12 percent and the pH value of the soil of 7.5, if the water content of the soil is insufficient, water is properly poured for supplementing water, and other nutrient components and the pH value can be improved by soil surface fertilization and an acid-base regulating solution;
the nutrient solution comprises base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 120 parts of decomposed pig and cattle manure, 25 parts of organic compound fertilizer, 180 parts of fermented straw stalk and 1200 parts of water, and is mixed and stirred, crushed into slurry by a crusher, poured on soil, poured with the thickness of 1.5cm and infiltrated for 2 days;
the acid-base regulating solution is a quicklime solution;
fourth, seedling raising
a. Drilling a drill seeding ditch with the depth of 1.0cm and the width of 25cm, sowing seeds in the seeding ditch, and covering 1.0cm of soil on the seeds;
b. covering with small arch shed after covering with soil, wherein the distance between the arch bars is preferably 55cm, the highest point of the arch bar is preferably 40cm, and the curvature of the arch bar is consistent;
c. when the height of the seedling is 5cm, the number of the seedlings is 8/m2Thinning and replanting the seedlings at the density of, ventilating and hardening the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 10cm or more, wherein the ventilation time is preferably 10 am-16 pm every day,hardening off the seedlings for 8 days;
d. and after the hardening is finished, removing the arched shed in the nightfall of cloudy days or sunny days.
In examples 1 to 3, the germination rates of the seeds in the seed germination accelerating step were respectively 96.3%, 95.8%, and 95.2%, and the seedling survival rates in the seedling raising step were respectively as high as 97.1%, 98.2%, and 96.5%.
The carbendazim is carbendazim wettable powder purchased in the market, and is mixed with water according to the ratio of 1:500 for spraying and drying.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A seedling raising method for improved variety of green tung seeds is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
selection of first and second improved variety
a. Selecting seeds which are not damaged by worms, do not mildew and have excellent quality and are harvested in the current year from adult robust mother trees;
b. soaking seeds for 2 hours by using 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution, washing the seeds by using clear water after disinfection and putting the seeds into a container;
c. pouring the seeds into a container filled with warm water at 50 ℃, stirring the seeds uniformly by using a stick, changing the warm water at 50 ℃ once every 12 hours, continuously soaking the seeds for 72 hours, and then taking the vernicia fordii seeds which are settled at the bottom of the water as fine seeds;
second, seed germination acceleration
a. Fully and uniformly mixing the improved green tung seeds with clean river sand according to the proportion of 1:3, spreading the mixture on a woven cloth on a germination accelerating bed for accelerating germination, building a small arched shed with the arch height of about 50cm above the germination accelerating bed, and covering a plastic film outside the small arched shed for heat preservation;
b. accelerating germination of seeds at the temperature of 24-27 ℃, spraying water to increase humidity, wherein the humidity range of a germination accelerating substrate is 50-60%, covering a straw mat on a plastic film at night, and sowing when the white exposure rate of the seeds reaches 30-40%;
third, soil selection
a. Measuring 0-20cm of soil on the surface layer of the soil, and measuring the water content, the pH value and the nutritional conditions in the soil;
b. the soil is sandy loam with the optimal water content of 10-15 percent and the pH value of 6.0-8.0, if the water content of the soil is insufficient, water is properly poured to supplement water, and other nutrient components and pH value can be improved by applying fertilizer on the surface of the soil and adjusting acid-base solution;
fourth, seedling raising
a. Drilling a drill seeding ditch with the depth of 1-2cm and the width of 20-30cm, sowing seeds in the seeding ditch, and covering 0.8-1.2cm of soil on the seeds;
b. covering with small arch shed after covering with soil, wherein the distance between the arch bars is preferably 50-60 cm, the highest point of the arch bar is preferably 40cm, and the curvature of the arch bar is consistent;
c. when the height of the seedling is 5-6cm, the number of the seedlings is 6-10/m2Thinning and replanting the seedlings at the density of (1), ventilating and hardening the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 10cm or more, wherein the ventilating time is preferably 10 am-16 pm every day, and the hardening time is 7-10 days;
d. and after the hardening is finished, removing the arched shed in the nightfall of cloudy days or sunny days.
2. The method for raising seedlings of an elite paulownia seed according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step of accelerating germination of the seeds: fully and uniformly mixing the improved seed of the vernicia fordii and clean river sand according to the proportion of 1:3, and spreading the mixture on a woven cloth on a germination accelerating bed for accelerating germination, and spraying a germination accelerating agent, wherein the germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 1000mg of indoleacetic acid 600-152 mg, 30-80mg of glutamic acid, 250mg of fulvic acid salt 100-80 mg, 20-50mg of triacontanol, 25-80mg of acrylic acid, 5-15mg of chitosan-polyacrylic acid composite nano particles, 10-15mg of inositol, 5-10mg of gibberellin, 20-50mg of molybdenum sulfate and 1225-50 mg of vitamin b into 1kg of water, and dissolving the mixture to obtain the germination accelerating agent.
3. The method for raising seedlings of an elite paulownia seed according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the step b of the soil selection comprises the step of applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 150 parts of decomposed pig and cattle chicken manure, 20-30 parts of organic compound fertilizer, 200 parts of fermented broken straw stalk and 1500 parts of water, the base fertilizer is mixed and stirred, the mixture is crushed into slurry by a crusher and poured on the soil, the thickness of the soil is 1-2cm, and the slurry is infiltrated for 2-3 days.
4. The method for raising seedlings of an elite paulownia seed according to claim 1, characterized in that: and c, in the step b of soil selection, the acid-base regulating solution is a quicklime solution or a sulfur powder solution, and the addition amount of the acid-base regulating solution is determined according to the pH value of the soil and the pH value of the soil to be regulated.
5. The method for raising seedlings of an elite paulownia seed according to claim 1, characterized in that: and c, ventilating and hardening seedlings in the seedling culture step c, ventilating and hardening the seedlings at two ends of the arched shed, and after two days, simultaneously setting ventilation openings at intervals of about 2m at two sides of the arched shed for ventilation.
6. The method for raising seedlings of an elite paulownia seed according to claim 1, characterized in that: and d, after the arch shed is removed in the seedling culture step d, shading the paulownia seedlings, wherein the shading rate is 40-50%.
7. The method for raising seedlings of an elite paulownia seed according to claim 1, characterized in that: and after the seedling raising step, fertilizer application management is carried out: fertilizing is carried out twice all the year, and urea is mainly used for the first time in the last ten days of 5 months; in the middle 6 th month, compound fertilizer is mainly used, and watering can be combined after fertilization; and stopping fertilizing after 8 months.
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2021
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Application publication date: 20210730 |