CN107226760A - A kind of method of maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot - Google Patents
A kind of method of maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot Download PDFInfo
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- CN107226760A CN107226760A CN201710511108.0A CN201710511108A CN107226760A CN 107226760 A CN107226760 A CN 107226760A CN 201710511108 A CN201710511108 A CN 201710511108A CN 107226760 A CN107226760 A CN 107226760A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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Abstract
The method that the present invention provides a kind of maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot, methods described step is as follows：（1）Stalk is collected after harvest corn, is crushed；（2）Milpa after harvesting digs cellar for storing things；（3）By step（1）The stalk of processing is piled up in cellar for storing things, is fermented under addition biological agent normal temperature, is obtained tunning；（4）According to tunning：Feces of livestock and poultry：Plant ash weight compares 10:3:1 ratio addition feces of livestock and poultry and plant ash, covers standby soil after being well mixed, ferment 10 d, the organic fertilizer of stalk fermentation is obtained, for returning to the field.The present invention is efficiently solved between two season crops, because stalk full dose on the spot returning to the field and caused by crops for rotation it is tight, second stubble crop cuttage sowing is difficult, and seedling robs the problems such as nitrogen jaundice seedling is weak with straw decomposing so that stalk returning to the field on the spot, and Returning Application of Crop Straw can be answered extensively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of land improvement, it is related to a kind of method of maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot, this method
By maize straw decomposition into field, speed of becoming thoroughly decomposed is fast, easy to implement the method, easy to operate.
Background technology
Utilization of the Chinese farmers to crop material has long history, only because from preceding level of agricultural production is low, yield
Low, stalk quantity is few, stalk made compost except packing ring, pasture is used on a small quantity, partly for heap it is outer, it is most of all to make fuel burn-up
.With the development of agricultural production, Chinese grain yield is greatly improved, and stalk quantity is also more since 1980s, plus
Firewood-saving and coal-saving technology popularization, burn coal and the popularization using liquefied gas, make to have in rural area largely stalks more than needed.While science skill
The progress of art, the raising of level of farming mechanization makes the utilization of stalk be made compost by original heap and is changed into straw directly returning to field,
Economically developed area, the poorly efficient uncleanly direct burning Land use systems of stalk have been not suitable with the need of life of farmers level raising
Will.
The reasonable of maize straw resource utilizes more and more concerned, and corn unit yield is being improved constantly, and makes to remain
Remaining maize straw is also more and more.At the same time, because maize straw lacks simple and effective Application way, vast farmerses are
Saving labour and rob farming season, unnecessary maize straw is often handled using the method directly burned in field, this is not only
The serious waste of maize straw nutrients resource, and numerous toxic gases of the maize straw produced by burning process can be caused
And a large amount of smog also will produce huge negative effect to the normal activity of people.Containing precious in maize straw
The cell inclusion of balance, including organic matter, C, N, P, K and various trace elements, it more provides water retention, drainage
And the physical condition such as voidage, these nutrition and environmental condition more form " the organic temperature multiplied and grown beneficial to edaphon
Bed ", thus improve the biological of soil.If being allowed to rotten organic growth in the ground without adding Reasonable Regulation And Control, it can produce
Very strong negative effect, the amount reproduction of microorganism will cause to " the robbing nitrogen phenomenon " of crop that Xian Xian Yellowization delay long phenomenon, more
Seriously stalk is in the case of non-aerobic bacteria advantage, and crop young root will be by nuisances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia or methyl mercaptans
The infringement Er Wei Yellow of matter.Stalk can absorb crop as fertilizer utilization, mainly stalk direct chopping and returning after straw-returning
Most of Nutrient eiement return to soil, increase the soil organism, to maintaining soil nutrient balance to play positive role, simultaneously
Soil granular structure and physicochemical character can also be improved, increase soil fertility, increase crop yield, fertilizer amount is saved, promoted
Agricultural sustainable development.
With the development of China's agricultural production, since 1980s, grain yield is greatly improved, stalk quantity
Increase rapidly, in addition in rural area firewood-saving and coal-saving technology popularization, and burn the popularization of coal and liquefied gas, make have a large amount of surplus in rural area
Remaining stalk.In face of increased stalk year by year, there is presently no particularly effective Application way.So, break through northern area not
Under conditions of good weather, stalk is extensive, quick composting returning to the field technical bottleneck is to realize the northern area of China straw utilization urgently
The problem of solution.Seed selection and utilization crop material efficient degradation microbial strains, research and develop high efficiency degradation bacterial agent, set up crop material
Field biology in situ conversion returning to the field technology, is allowed to nutrition needed for being converted into plant by decomposition, so as to improve soil texture, turns into
The study hotspot of current bio-feritlizer.
This area is non-seldom about the product of the microbial bacterial agent of straw decomposition into field, system is not yet formed, more without steady
Determine the production and application of efficient straw fast degradation flora.The bacterium with cellulose degradation ability separated at present is more, wherein
Belong to Gram-positive Pseudomonas (G+) have Cytophaga (Cytophaga), hot rod Pseudomonas (Caldibacillus), gemma bar
Pseudomonas (Bacillus), the thermophilic fiber bacterium (Sporacytophga) of raw spore etc.；Belong to Gram-negative Pseudomonas (G-) have false monospore
Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), Erwinia (Erwinia), Cellulomonas (Cellulomonas), Cellfalcicula
(Cellfacicula) etc..It is more using thermophilic cellulose-decomposing bacterium as number in fermenting agent, and point of normal temperature (low temperature) fermentation
The research for solving cellulose, lignin, the microbial strains of wax or flora lags far behind production needs.
How can just efficiently solve between two season crops, because stalk full dose on the spot returning to the field and caused by crops for rotation it is tight, lower stubble
Crop cuttage sowing is difficult, and seedling robs the problems such as nitrogen jaundice seedling is weak with straw decomposing so that stalk continuous cropping year after year, and full dose is on the spot also
Field is this area technical problem in the urgent need to address.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve prior art in maize straw degradation process, because maize straw C/N is high, in natural shape
It is difficult to be decomposed by the microorganisms under state, and northern area temperature is relatively low, Corn Stalk Decomposition is difficult, so as to cause maize straw also
Be decomposed behind field in soil conversion cycle it is long, it is difficult to the problem of as this season crop source of manure.A kind of stalk is provided year after year to connect
Stubble, the method for full dose returning to the field on the spot.
It is a further object to provide a kind of biological agent of effective processing agricultural crop straw, it uses the present invention
Stalk fermentation preparation fermentation stalk, obtain organic fertilizer, decomposition into field.
The stalk fermentation microbial inoculum of the present invention, reasonable compatibility between each strain, symbiosis is coordinated, mutually not antagonism, its preparation method
Simplicity, it is easy to implement the method, because material is thoroughly become thoroughly decomposed during processing, produce a large amount of functional microorganisms and a variety of generations
Product such as plant hormone, antibiotic etc. are thanked, so as to stimulate crop growth, soil nutrient is improved, improved soil structure is improved
Chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, its is easy to operate, beneficial to production.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：
A kind of method of maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot, step is as follows：
（1）Stalk is collected after harvest corn, the blue or green section shape for being ground into 10-20cm is taken advantage of；
（2）Milpa after harvesting, which is dug, stores, long 2-3m, width 2-3m, the depth 1-2m at the cellar for storing things, and that digs out is native standby；
（3）By step（1）The stalk of processing is piled up in cellar for storing things, and biological agent shifts to an earlier date 24 hours plus 10 times of weight water dilutions（Favorably
In the vigor and activity that recover and strengthen strain, the efficiency that decomposing agent degenerates stalk is improved）Dilution activating solution is obtained, according to stalk
The 25-30% addition dilution activating solutions of weight, after being well mixed, ferment under normal temperature, fermentate temperature are detected in fermentation process, when
When temperature rises to more than 60 DEG C, by mixed material turning, hereafter every other day turning once, and detects the moisture content of material, when
Terminate fermentation during moisture content≤25%, obtain aerobic fermentation product；
（4）According to aerobic fermentation product：Feces of livestock and poultry：Plant ash weight compares 10:3:1 ratio addition feces of livestock and poultry and vegetation
Ash, covers standby soil after being well mixed, ferment 10 d, obtains the organic fertilizer of stalk fermentation, is directly used in returning to the field.
The maize straw organic fertilizer digs out returning to the field from cellar for storing things, according to 300kg/ mus of amount of application that maize straw is organic
Fertile uniform spread fertilizer over the fields uses in field as base manure, spreads fertilizer over the fields and field is turned over after finishing.
The biological agent is：According to composite bacteria agent and auxiliary material according to 1-2：It is prepared by 3-5 ratios；
The composite bacteria agent is fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes, Paracoccus denitrificans, bacillus pumilus, yellow archespore hair are flat
Lead fungi, actinomyces are according to volume ratio 5:4:2:6:1:3 volume ratio mixing.
The fermentation Cytophaga is fermentation Cytophaga（Cytophaga fermentans）ATCC 19072；
The Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes is Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes（Alcaligenes faecalis）ATCC 31555；
The Paracoccus denitrificans is (Paracoccus denitrificans) ATCC 13543；
The bacillus pumilus is (Bacillus pumilus) ATCC 27142；
The Phanerochaete chrysosporium is（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）ATCC 34541；
The actinomyces are（Actinomyces bovis）ATCC13684.
The preparation method of the composite bacteria agent is as follows：Will fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes, Paracoccus denitrificans, short and small
It is 1 × 10 that bacillus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, actinomyces are cultivated to concentration respectively8Individual/ml bacterium solution, then according to 5:4:
2:6:1:3 volume ratio mixing, is produced；
The auxiliary material is：Attapulgite, turfy soil compare 1 according to weight:3 weight are than preparing；
The feces of livestock and poultry is selected from chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, cow dung etc..
The equal American Type Culture collection warehousing of strain of the present invention（ATCC）It is commercially available etc. commercial sources.
The bacterium solution of concentration needed for strain of the present invention can be obtained by conventional cultural method, as space is limited, and
Do not repeat one by one.
The present invention takes advantage of blue or green crushing, it is possible to reduce sugar loss in stalk when being crushed to stalk, rotten to accelerating stalk
Solution, increase soil nutrient plays an important role；In stalk be rich in a variety of nutrients, also containing various trace elements, by fermentation after energy
It is enough that enough nutrients are provided to Soil Microorganism, moreover it is possible to accumulate for the nutrient needed for plant growth；
The biological agent that the present invention is provided can 15 DEG C of quickening quick returning to the field of stalk under cryogenic, have between the microbial inoculum microorganism
There is good cooperative effect；There is efficient degradation property to stalks such as the corn, the paddy rice that are difficult to degrade, especially in low temperature bar
Under part；Adapt to external environment ability strong；The microbial inoculum is mainly used in crop material decomposition into field in agricultural planting, is translated into
Efficiently, safe and environment-friendly biological organic fertilizer.Field straw can rapidly be become thoroughly decomposed at one week or so, relative to the bacterium of prior art
Agent greatly reduces the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and solves in crops straw returning field and there is the problem of slow, returning to the field of becoming thoroughly decomposed is difficult, improves soil
The content of organic matter, serves the effect of " land used is increased soil fertility ", has cracked government's encouragement, peasant in straw-returning problem for a long time
Slack quagmire.
Microbe species collocation of the present invention is reasonable, with strong complementarity by the synergy of several different strains,
It can rapidly be bred using rear composite bacteria agent, form dominant population, and can be brought rapidly up, promote the decomposition of stalk, and heap
The nutrient content such as organic matter is high after corruption；Can using dominant bacteria destroy stalk eucaryotic cell structure, effectively facilitate starch, protein,
The dissolution of the active ingredients such as cellulose, lignin, so that the oxidation such as protein, cellulose, lignin of most of difficult degradation
Decompose, to mitigate the pressure of subsequent degradation, and, produce more than 60 DEG C of high temperature to accelerate the speed of maize straw degraded, overcome
The problem of Straw decomposing transformation period is long caused by northern temperature is relatively low；
The application adds feces of livestock and poultry as straw degradative accelerator during the fermentation, accelerates rotting for maize straw, has
It beneficial to the shortening of degradation cycle, and can make in the Straw manures prepared that nitrogen, phosphorus, Determination of Potassium are high, be conducive to further
Increase soil fertility.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
A kind of method of maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot, step is as follows：
（1）Stalk is collected after harvest corn, the blue or green section shape for being ground into 10cm is taken advantage of；
（2）Milpa after harvesting, which is dug, stores, long 2m, width 2m, the depth 1m at the cellar for storing things, and that digs out is native standby；
（3）By step（1）The stalk of processing is piled up in cellar for storing things, and biological agent shifts to an earlier date 24 hours plus 10 times of weight water dilutions（Favorably
In the vigor and activity that recover and strengthen strain, the efficiency that decomposing agent degenerates stalk is improved）Dilution activating solution is obtained, according to stalk
25% addition dilution activating solution of weight, after being well mixed, ferments under normal temperature, fermentate temperature is detected in fermentation process, works as temperature
When rising to more than 60 DEG C, by mixed material turning, hereafter every other day turning once, and detects the moisture content of material, when aqueous
Terminate fermentation during rate≤25%, obtain aerobic fermentation product；
（4）According to aerobic fermentation product：Feces of livestock and poultry：Plant ash weight compares 10:3:1 ratio addition feces of livestock and poultry and vegetation
Ash, covers standby soil after being well mixed, ferment 10 d, obtains the organic fertilizer of stalk fermentation, is directly used in returning to the field.
The maize straw organic fertilizer digs out returning to the field from cellar for storing things, according to 300kg/ mus of amount of application that maize straw is organic
Fertile uniform spread fertilizer over the fields uses in field as base manure, spreads fertilizer over the fields and field is turned over after finishing.
The biological agent is：According to composite bacteria agent and auxiliary material according to 1：It is prepared by 3 ratios；
The composite bacteria agent is fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes, Paracoccus denitrificans, bacillus pumilus, yellow archespore hair are flat
Lead fungi, actinomyces are according to volume ratio 5:4:2:6:1:3 volume ratio mixing.
The fermentation Cytophaga is specifically as follows fermentation Cytophaga（Cytophaga fermentans）Bacterial strain preservation
Numbering is ATCC 19072；
The Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes is Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes（Alcaligenes faecalis）ATCC 31555；
The Paracoccus denitrificans is (Paracoccus denitrificans) ATCC 13543；
The bacillus pumilus is (Bacillus pumilus) ATCC 27142；
The Phanerochaete chrysosporium is（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）ATCC 34541；
The actinomyces are（Actinomyces bovis）ATCC13684.
The preparation method of the composite bacteria agent is as follows：Will fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes, Paracoccus denitrificans, short and small
It is 1 × 10 that bacillus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, actinomyces are cultivated to concentration respectively8Individual/ml bacterium solution, then according to 5:4:
2:6:1:3 volume ratio mixing, is produced；
The auxiliary material is：Attapulgite, turfy soil compare 1 according to weight:3 weight are than preparing；
The feces of livestock and poultry is pig manure.
The maize straw organic fertilizer is dug out into returning to the field from cellar for storing things, it is according to 300kg/ mus of amount of application that maize straw is organic
Fertile uniform spread fertilizer over the fields uses in field as base manure, spreads fertilizer over the fields and field is turned over after finishing.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of method of stalk full dose returning to the field on the spot, step is as follows：
（1）Stalk is collected after harvest corn, the blue or green section shape for being ground into 20cm is taken advantage of；
（2）Milpa after harvesting, which is dug, stores, long 3m, width 3m, the depth 2m at the cellar for storing things, and that digs out is native standby；
（3）By step（1）The stalk of processing is piled up in cellar for storing things, and biological agent shifts to an earlier date 24 hours plus 10 times of water dilutions（Be conducive to extensive
Multiple and enhancing strain vigor and activity, improve the efficiency that decomposing agent degenerates stalk）Dilution activating solution is obtained, according to stalk weight
30% addition dilution activating solution, after being well mixed, fermented under normal temperature, fermentate temperature detected in fermentation process, when temperature rises to
At more than 60 DEG C, by mixed material turning, hereafter every other day turning once, and detects the moisture content of material, when moisture content≤
Terminate fermentation when 25%, obtain aerobic fermentation product；
（4）According to aerobic fermentation product：Feces of livestock and poultry：Plant ash weight compares 10:3:1 ratio addition feces of livestock and poultry and vegetation
Ash, covers standby soil after being well mixed, ferment 10 d, obtains the organic fertilizer of stalk fermentation, is directly used in returning to the field.
The maize straw organic fertilizer digs out returning to the field from cellar for storing things, according to 300kg/ mus of amount of application that maize straw is organic
Fertile uniform spread fertilizer over the fields uses in field as base manure, spreads fertilizer over the fields and field is turned over after finishing.
The biological agent is：According to composite bacteria agent and auxiliary material according to 2：It is prepared by 5 ratios；
The composite bacteria agent is fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes, Paracoccus denitrificans, bacillus pumilus, yellow archespore hair are flat
Lead fungi, actinomyces are according to volume ratio 5:4:2:6:1:3 volume ratio mixing.
The fermentation Cytophaga is specifically as follows fermentation Cytophaga（Cytophaga fermentans）Bacterial strain preservation
Numbering is ATCC 19072；
The Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes is Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes（Alcaligenes faecalis）ATCC 31555；
The Paracoccus denitrificans is (Paracoccus denitrificans) ATCC 13543；
The bacillus pumilus is (Bacillus pumilus) ATCC 27142；
The Phanerochaete chrysosporium is（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）ATCC 34541；
The actinomyces are（Actinomyces bovis）ATCC13684.
The preparation method of the composite bacteria agent is as follows：Will fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes, Paracoccus denitrificans, short and small
It is 1 × 10 that bacillus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, actinomyces are cultivated to concentration respectively8Individual/ml bacterium solution, then according to 5:4:
2:6:1:3 volume ratio mixing, is produced；
The auxiliary material is：Attapulgite, turfy soil compare 1 according to weight:3 weight are than preparing；
The feces of livestock and poultry is pig manure.
The maize straw organic fertilizer is dug out into returning to the field from cellar for storing things, it is according to 300kg/ mus of amount of application that maize straw is organic
Fertile uniform spread fertilizer over the fields uses in field as base manure, spreads fertilizer over the fields and field is turned over after finishing.
Embodiment 3：Influence of the crops straw returning field to topsoil soils
Increase soil fertility using embodiment 1-2 maize straw method, wherein, corn stalk during maize straw machinery returning to the field
The amount of application of stalk be 300kg/ mu, respectively collection experiment before and test 1 year after topsoil soils, analyze its basic physics and chemistry number
Value, concrete outcome is shown in Table 1：
Influence of the straw-returning mode of table 1 to soil
| Organic matter（g/kg） | Full nitrogen（g/kg） | Phosphorus（g/kg） | Potassium（g/kg） | Unit weight（g/cm3） | Total porosity（%） | |
| Soil base value | 17.31 | 1.35 | 18.1 | 221.35 | 1.42 | 40.25 |
| Maize straw machinery returning to the field | 18.27 | 1.47 | 18.3 | 234.23 | 1.37 | 41.38 |
| Embodiment 1 | 24.71 | 2.66 | 30.12 | 291.35 | 1.14 | 44.27 |
| Embodiment 2 | 25.23 | 2.71 | 28.93 | 287.62 | 1.13 | 43.76 |
As it can be seen from table 1 after using embodiment 1-2 maize straw method, the physicochemical property of soil has obtained very big
Change, not only Nutrient Elements in Soil content substantial increase, fertility is greatly improved, and also reduces the soil weight, increase
Soil porosity is added.And by the way of maize straw is using mechanical returning to the field, nitrogen, P elements in the rotten rear soil of stalk
Increment is smaller for embodiment 1 and embodiment, because the nitrogen P elements contained in maize straw are relatively low, and
Nitrogen P elements will also be by soil environment (air, temperature, moisture, microbial activities) and crop vigor and the shadow of respiratory intensity
Ring, content can be reduced further, in order to maintain plant growth, generally require and apply composite fertilizer in addition, and embodiment 1 and embodiment
2 just supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element when fermentation, maintain microorganism normal growth, and remaining a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium member
Element can be also retained in the Straw manures that fermentation is obtained, the need for edaphon and plant growth are disclosure satisfy that after returning to the field.
Embodiment 4
Acted synergistically between the application biological agent composition
It regard biological agent made from embodiment 1 as experimental group；
Compare one group：Without fermentation Cytophaga, remaining be the same as Example 1；
Compare two groups：Without Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes, remaining be the same as Example 1；
Compare three groups：Without Paracoccus denitrificans, remaining be the same as Example 1；
Compare four groups：Without bacillus pumilus, remaining be the same as Example 1；
Compare five groups：Without Phanerochaete chrysosporium, remaining be the same as Example 1；
Compare six groups：Without actinomyces, remaining be the same as Example 1.
Blank control group：Without biological agent, the blank control group of water is only added,
8 groups altogether, 2 repetitions are tested.Fresh stalk is taken to be intercepted, it is ensured that quite, water is applied in holding to the stalk of every group of experiment
Amount, temperature, humidity, sunlight sunshine condition are consistent, and other conditions are also essentially identical.
Respectively by the biological agent of eight groups（Blank group only water）24 hours in advance plus 10 times of water dilution acquisition dilution activation
Liquid, according to 20% addition dilution activating solution of stalk weight,
All experimental groups are placed in identical environment and the daily degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed of Timing measurement temperature, humidity change, and stalk.
The calculation formula of resolution ratio is：
Rate of corrosion (part)=(weight of stalk after becoming thoroughly decomposed/weight of stalk before being become thoroughly decomposed) × 100%
Fermentation maturity is after 7 days at the same time, and the decomposition of the stalk from eight test groups are compared in terms of color, feel and stretching resistance becomes
Change situation is referring to table 2；
The straw decomposing contrast test of table 2
| Embodiment 1 | Control one | Control two | Control three | Control four | Control five | Control six | Blank control | |
| Color | Dark-grey rust | Brown rust | Brown rust | Grey | Grey | It is dark blue or green | It is dark blue or green | Without significant change |
| Feel | It is very soft | It is slightly soft | It is soft | It is slightly soft | It is slightly soft | It is slightly soft | It is slightly soft | Firmly |
| Smell | It is very smelly | Micro- corruption | It is smelly | Micro- corruption | Micro- corruption | Micro- corruption | Micro- corruption | Without significant change |
| Rate of corrosion | 61% | 32% | 39% | 29% | 31% | 25% | 27% | 10% |
Influence of the direct decomposition into field of embodiment 5 to crop yield.
Stubble is the plot of corn before choosing, and plot is divided into three equal parts, in the case of other cultivate condition identical,
Do following three kinds of processing：
Test 1 group：By preceding stubble corn decomposition into field, using the method for embodiment 1, by maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot, then
Wheat is planted, no longer applies other fertilizer during wheat growth；
Test 2 groups：By preceding stubble corn decomposition into field, using the method for embodiment 2, by maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot, then
Wheat is planted, no longer applies other fertilizer during wheat growth；
Control group：Then preceding stubble corn is planted in wheat, wheat growth according to conventional amount used using 15-15-15 N P and Ks
NPK；
Under three kinds of dispositions, the paddy rice per mu yield situation in each plot is as shown in table 3.
Each plot wheat per mu yield situation of table 3
| Area（Mu） | Yield（Kg/ mus） | |
| Test 1 group | 2.6 | 617.3 |
| Test 2 groups | 3.3 | 595.4 |
| Control group | 2 | 547.7 |
As can be seen from the above table, by after the direct decomposition into field of maize straw, while succession crop does not apply fertilizer, wheat is still
So increase production 12.7% and 8.7% respectively than Routine control group, it can be seen that, maize straw method of the invention can improve
Soil physico-chemical property, increases soil fertility, and then improves crop yield.
Although above having made detailed explanation to this case with generality explanation and embodiment, in the present invention
On the basis of, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, not
Deviate the modification or improvement made on the basis of present invention spirit, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of maize straw full dose returning to the field on the spot, methods described step is as follows：
（1）Stalk is collected after harvest corn, the blue or green section shape for being ground into 10-20cm is taken advantage of；
（2）Milpa after harvesting digs cellar for storing things, and described to store long 2-3m, width 2-3m, depth 1-2m, that digs out is native standby；
（3）By step（1）The stalk of processing is put into cellar for storing things, and biological agent shifts to an earlier date 24 hours plus 10 times of water dilutions obtain dilution activation
Liquid, according to the 25-30% addition dilution activating solutions of stalk weight, after being well mixed, ferments under normal temperature, hair is detected in fermentation process
Ferment thing temperature, when temperature rises to more than 60 DEG C, by mixed material turning, hereafter every other day turning once, and detects material
Moisture content, terminate fermentation when moisture content≤25%, obtain tunning；
（4）According to tunning：Feces of livestock and poultry：Plant ash weight compares 10:3:1 ratio addition feces of livestock and poultry and plant ash, is mixed
The uniform rear standby soil of covering is closed, ferment 10 d, the organic fertilizer of stalk fermentation is obtained, for returning to the field.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the biological agent is：According to composite bacteria agent and auxiliary material 1-2：
It is prepared by 3-5 mass ratio.
3. according to claim 1-2 methods describeds, it is characterised in that the composite bacteria agent is fermentation Cytophaga, excrement production alkali bar
Bacterium, Paracoccus denitrificans, bacillus pumilus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, actinomyces are according to volume ratio 5:4:2:6:1:3 volume ratio
Mixing.
4. the method according to claim 1-3, it is characterised in that
The fermentation Cytophaga is fermentation Cytophaga（Cytophaga fermentans）ATCC 19072；
The Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes is Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes（Alcaligenes faecalis）ATCC 31555；
The Paracoccus denitrificans is (Paracoccus denitrificans) ATCC 13543；
The bacillus pumilus is (Bacillus pumilus) ATCC 27142；
The Phanerochaete chrysosporium is（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）ATCC 34541；
The actinomyces are（Actinomyces bovis）ATCC13684；
The preparation method of the composite bacteria agent is as follows：Will fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus foecalis alkaligenes, Paracoccus denitrificans, short and small gemma
It is 1 × 10 that bacillus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, actinomyces are cultivated to concentration respectively8Individual/ml bacterium solution, then according to 5:4:2:6:
1:3 volume ratio mixing, is produced；
The auxiliary material is：Attapulgite, turfy soil compare 1 according to weight:3 weight are than preparing.
5. the method according to claim 1-4, it is characterised in that the feces of livestock and poultry is selected from chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, ox
Excrement etc..
6. the bio-fertilizer prepared according to claim 1-5 methods describeds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN107099490A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-08-29 | 朱玲芳 | A kind of biological agent for being used to handle agricultural crop straw |
| CN108101594A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of maize straw field original position earth's surface band compost method |
| CN108929171A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2018-12-04 | 黄勇洪 | Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111567339A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-25 | 德州市农业科学研究院 | High-yield wheat planting method under condition of returning all corn straws to field |
| CN115490553A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2022-12-20 | 内蒙古蒙兴源生物科技有限公司 | Cow dung organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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