CN113122268A - Method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by biochar and microbial agent - Google Patents
Method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by biochar and microbial agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN113122268A CN113122268A CN202110421901.8A CN202110421901A CN113122268A CN 113122268 A CN113122268 A CN 113122268A CN 202110421901 A CN202110421901 A CN 202110421901A CN 113122268 A CN113122268 A CN 113122268A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by biochar and a microbial agent, belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to improvement of soda saline-alkali soil. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low saturated water conductivity and high improvement difficulty of the soda saline-alkali soil due to viscous and heavy texture and poor soil structure. The method comprises the following steps: after 15-18cm of soil is rotavator in 4 months, and the soil is irrigated to soak the field and washed with salt for 2-3 times, the biochar and the microbial agent are scattered on the surface of the soil, wherein the application amount of the biochar per mu is 667-plus-material 2000kg, and the application amount of the microbial agent per mu is 13-40 kg. Book (I)The invention takes the biochar and the microbial agent as main improving substances, reduces the volume weight of the soil, improves the porosity, improves the air permeability of the soil, reduces the water evaporation and the salt surface accumulation of the soil and promotes the section Na+The ion leaching increases the soil nutrient input and increases the organic matter content of the saline-alkali soil. The method can improve the rice yield by 61.5 to 110.4 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to improvement of soda saline-alkali soil.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is an important farmland reserve resource in China, and saline-alkali soil treatment and agricultural utilization play an important role in the aspects of guaranteeing the absolute safety of grains, adhering to the safety bottom line of basic self-supply of grains and the like. The Songnen plain is one of three sodium bicarbonate saline-alkali soil regions in the world and has 373X 104hm2In an alkalized state. Even more surprisingly, the region is about 20.0X 10 per year3hm2The land is newly salinized and/or alkalized, which poses a serious threat to crop production. Compared with the neutral sodium chloride coastal saline-alkali soil, the soda saline-alkali soil has extremely poor physicochemical property and high alkalinity (pH)>9.5), high alkalinity (ESP > 60%), heavy texture and poor soil structure, which results in low saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil (Ks < 0.1mm d)-1) The improvement difficulty is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low saturated water conductivity and high improvement difficulty of the soda saline-alkali soil caused by heavy texture and poor soil structure, and provides a method for improving the soda saline-alkali soil by using biochar and a microbial agent.
The method for improving the soda saline-alkali soil by the biochar and the microbial agent comprises the following steps:
after 15-18cm of soil is rotavator in 4 months, and the soil is irrigated to soak the field and washed with salt for 2-3 times, the biochar and the microbial agent are scattered on the surface of the soil, wherein the application amount of the biochar per mu is 667-plus-material 2000kg, and the application amount of the microbial agent per mu is 13-40 kg.
The biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained by thermally cracking biomass under the condition of oxygen deficiency or oxygen limitation, has a rich pore structure, a huge specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity, can obviously improve the volume weight and the pore structure of soil, promotes the formation of aggregates, effectively improves the water content of the soil and the permeability of the soil, and keeps the water content of rhizosphere soil. Meanwhile, mineral nutrients in soil are adsorbed and fixed, the soil nutrient circulation is effectively regulated and controlled, the soil fertility is fixed, and the yield and the quality of crops are improved. The biochar can provide a suitable environment for the survival of soil microorganisms and regulate the growth and metabolism of the soil microorganisms. The cation exchange capacity of the soil is improved, and the soil property is effectively improved. However, the alkaline characteristics of biochar are major obstacles restricting the application of biochar in saline-alkali soil, so that biochar is controversial in saline-alkali soil improvement. The invention breaks through the prior cognition, utilizes the biochar to improve the soda saline-alkali soil, and can indirectly solve the problems of environmental destruction and resource waste caused by direct incineration of agricultural wastes. Meanwhile, the microbial agent can quickly activate the vitality of the soil and create and recover the natural metabolic function of the soil. And the biochar is combined with the microbial agent, so that the nutrient effectiveness is improved, the microbial community structure of soil is improved, the rice yield is obviously improved, and the method is an environment-friendly multi-win strategy. The invention provides important guiding significance and popularization value for improvement and utilization of soda saline-alkali soil.
The invention takes the biochar and the microbial agent as main improving substances, reduces the volume weight of the soil, improves the porosity, improves the air permeability of the soil, reduces the water evaporation and the salt surface accumulation of the soil and promotes the section Na+The ion leaching increases the soil nutrient input and increases the organic matter content of the saline-alkali soil. Meanwhile, by adding the microbial agent, a good inhabitation environment is provided for beneficial microorganisms, and the rice yield is improved. Compared with a control (no biochar and microbial agent are added), the method disclosed by the invention can improve the rice yield by 61.5-110.4% and has an obvious yield increase effect.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for improving the soda saline-alkali soil by using the biochar and the microbial agent in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
after 15-18cm of soil is rotavator in 4 months, and the soil is irrigated to soak the field and washed with salt for 2-3 times, the biochar and the microbial agent are scattered on the surface of the soil, wherein the application amount of the biochar per mu is 667-plus-material 2000kg, and the application amount of the microbial agent per mu is 13-40 kg.
The biochar used in this embodiment was purchased from Liaoning gold and Fufu agricultural science and technology Co.
The microbial agent used in the present embodiment is purchased from ETS (tianjin) biotechnology development ltd.
The second embodiment is as follows: the application amount of the biological carbon is 2000kg per mu, and the application amount of the microbial agent is 27kg per mu. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the embodiment and the embodiment I or II is that the application amount of the biochar per mu is 2000kg, and the application amount of the microbial inoculum per mu is 40 kg. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to the third embodiments is that the application amount of the biochar per mu is 1333kg, and the application amount of the microbial agent per mu is 13 kg. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to the fourth embodiments is that the application amount of the biochar per mu is 1333kg, and the application amount of the microbial agent per mu is 27 kg. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to the fifth embodiments is that the application amount of the biochar per mu is 667kg, and the application amount of the microbial inoculum per mu is 27 kg. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to the fifth embodiments is that the application amount of the biochar per mu is 2000kg, and the application amount of the microbial inoculum per mu is 13 kg. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the effect of the invention:
example 1:
in the embodiment, 2000kg of the biological carbon and 27kg of the microbial inoculum are applied to each mu of the soda saline-alkali soil.
In the agriculture test base of Daan city Huaqing in Jilin province, the saline-alkali land type is moderate saline-alkali land, and the planted rice variety is Donggao No. 4.
The soda saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
in 2018, in 4 months, rotary tillage is carried out on soil by a rotary cultivator for 15-18cm, irrigation is carried out for steeping a field for washing salt for 2-3 times, biochar and a microbial agent are scattered on the surface of the soil, the soil is harrowed, leveled and settled, water is drained, and then rice can be transplanted, and field management is carried out according to a local conventional method until the rice is harvested.
In the mature period of the rice, the height of the rice plant, the number of ears per unit area, the number of grains per ear, the setting rate, the thousand-grain weight, the number of branches per ear and the yield of the rice are analyzed by a seed test survey.
The planting and field management of the control is the same as the improvement of the soda saline-alkali soil by taking the control without applying any soil conditioner. After the biochar and the microbial agent are added, the height of the rice plant is increased by 19.3%, the tillering quantity of each hole is increased by 49.7%, the effective number of ears per square meter is increased by 40.2%, the number of grains per ear and the total number of grains are respectively increased by 52.2% and 57.0%, the length of each ear and the weight of each ear are respectively increased by 18.2% and 31.8%, the number of secondary branches per ear is increased by 56.7%, and the yield is increased by 110.4% compared with the control.
Example 2:
in the embodiment, 2000kg of the biological carbon and 13kg of the microbial inoculum are applied to each mu of the soda saline-alkali soil.
In the agriculture test base of Daan city Huaqing in Jilin province, the saline-alkali land type is moderate saline-alkali land, and the planted rice variety is Donggao No. 4.
The soda saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
in 2018, in 4 months, rotary tillage is carried out on soil by a rotary cultivator for 15-18cm, irrigation is carried out for steeping a field for washing salt for 2-3 times, biochar and a microbial agent are scattered on the surface of the soil, the soil is harrowed, leveled and settled, water is drained, and then rice can be transplanted, and field management is carried out according to a local conventional method until the rice is harvested.
In the mature period of the rice, the height of the rice plant, the number of ears per unit area, the number of grains per ear, the setting rate, the thousand-grain weight, the number of branches per ear and the yield of the rice are analyzed by a seed test survey.
The planting and field management of the control is the same as the improvement of the soda saline-alkali soil by taking the control without applying any soil conditioner. After the biochar and the microbial agent are added, the plant height of the rice is increased by 11.0%, the tillering quantity of each hole is increased by 14.9%, the effective spike number of each square meter is increased by 20.6%, the solid number of each spike and the total number of the spikes are respectively increased by 54.1% and 55.5%, the length of each spike and the spike weight are respectively increased by 19.2% and 21.2%, the secondary branch number of each spike is increased by 32.6%, and the yield is increased by 87.5% compared with the control.
Example 3:
in the embodiment, 2000kg of the biological carbon and 40kg of the microbial inoculum are applied to each mu of the soda saline-alkali soil.
In the agriculture test base of Daan city Huaqing in Jilin province, the saline-alkali land type is moderate saline-alkali land, and the planted rice variety is Donggao No. 4.
The soda saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
in 2018, in 4 months, rotary tillage is carried out on soil by a rotary cultivator for 15-18cm, irrigation is carried out for steeping a field for washing salt for 2-3 times, biochar and a microbial agent are scattered on the surface of the soil, the soil is harrowed, leveled and settled, water is drained, and then rice can be transplanted, and field management is carried out according to a local conventional method until the rice is harvested.
In the mature period of the rice, the height of the rice plant, the number of ears per unit area, the number of grains per ear, the setting rate, the thousand-grain weight, the number of branches per ear and the yield of the rice are analyzed by a seed test survey.
The control planting and field management is the same as the control with soda saline-alkali soil improvement, taking no soil improvement agent as a control. After the biochar and the microbial agent are added, the plant height of the rice is increased by 10.2%, the tillering number of each hole is increased by 48.2%, the effective spike number of each square meter is increased by 34.9%, the solid number of each spike and the total number of the spikes are respectively increased by 38.8% and 45.2%, the length of each spike and the spike weight are respectively increased by 21.2% and 33.3%, the secondary branch number of each spike is increased by 39.9%, and the yield is increased by 84.5% compared with the control.
Example 4:
in the embodiment, 1333kg of the biological carbon and 27kg of the microbial agent are applied to each mu of the soda saline-alkali soil.
In the agriculture test base of Daan city Huaqing in Jilin province, the saline-alkali land type is moderate saline-alkali land, and the planted rice variety is Donggao No. 4.
The soda saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
in 2018, in 4 months, rotary tillage is carried out on soil by a rotary cultivator for 15-18cm, irrigation is carried out for steeping a field for washing salt for 2-3 times, biochar and a microbial agent are scattered on the surface of the soil, the soil is harrowed, leveled and settled, water is drained, and then rice can be transplanted, and field management is carried out according to a local conventional method until the rice is harvested.
In the mature period of the rice, the height of the rice plant, the number of ears per unit area, the number of grains per ear, the setting rate, the thousand-grain weight, the number of branches per ear and the yield of the rice are analyzed by a seed test survey.
The control planting and field management is the same as the control with soda saline-alkali soil improvement, taking no soil improvement agent as a control. After the biochar and the microbial agent are added, the height of the rice plant is increased by 13.3%, the tillering quantity of each hole is increased by 50.0%, the effective number of ears per square meter is increased by 38.5%, the number of grains per ear and the total number of grains are respectively increased by 31.6% and 35.2%, the length of each ear and the weight of each ear are respectively increased by 14.4% and 27.3%, the number of secondary branches per ear is increased by 34.8%, and the yield is increased by 83.4% compared with the control.
In the embodiments 1 to 4, the seed test is performed in the rice harvest period, the rice yield is measured, and after the soda saline-alkali soil improvement method is adopted, compared with a control, the method provided by the invention can obviously increase the rice yield, recover the ecological function of the production of soda saline-alkali soil, and provide an important scientific support for large-scale control of alkali by rice in Songnen plain. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for improving the soda saline-alkali soil by using the biochar and the microbial agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
after 15-18cm of soil is rotavator in 4 months, and the soil is irrigated to soak the field and washed with salt for 2-3 times, the biochar and the microbial agent are scattered on the surface of the soil, wherein the application amount of the biochar per mu is 667-plus-material 2000kg, and the application amount of the microbial agent per mu is 13-40 kg.
2. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by using biochar and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of biochar per mu is 2000kg, and the application amount of the microbial inoculum per mu is 27 kg.
3. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by using biochar and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of biochar per mu is 2000kg, and the application amount of the microbial inoculum per mu is 40 kg.
4. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by using biochar and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the biochar per mu is 1333kg, and the application amount of the microbial inoculum per mu is 13 kg.
5. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by using biochar and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the biochar per mu is 1333kg, and the application amount of the microbial inoculum per mu is 27 kg.
6. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by using biochar and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the biochar per mu is 667kg, and the application amount of the microbial inoculum per mu is 27 kg.
7. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by using biochar and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of biochar per mu is 2000kg, and the application amount of the microbial inoculum per mu is 13 kg.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123008A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method assembling straw biochar with microbe bacteria fertilizer so as to improve saline land |
| CN110156516A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-23 | 南京三聚生物质新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali land soil conditioner, preparation method and applications |
| CN110157449A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-23 | 阜阳师范学院 | A method of it improving biomass carbon and improves salt affected soil |
| CN110846249A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-28 | 山东省土地综合整治服务中心 | Microorganism and microbial agent for improving saline-alkali soil and saline-alkali soil microbial improver |
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- 2021-04-20 CN CN202110421901.8A patent/CN113122268A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123008A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method assembling straw biochar with microbe bacteria fertilizer so as to improve saline land |
| CN110156516A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-23 | 南京三聚生物质新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali land soil conditioner, preparation method and applications |
| CN110157449A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-23 | 阜阳师范学院 | A method of it improving biomass carbon and improves salt affected soil |
| CN110846249A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-28 | 山东省土地综合整治服务中心 | Microorganism and microbial agent for improving saline-alkali soil and saline-alkali soil microbial improver |
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