CN113099976B - Method for efficiently breeding seedlings by creeping stems of open field strawberries - Google Patents
Method for efficiently breeding seedlings by creeping stems of open field strawberries Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000220223 Fragaria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000299452 Gouania lupuloides Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000000292 Gouania lupuloides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a method for efficiently breeding seedlings by creeping stems of open field strawberries, which comprises the steps of three-dimensionally breeding the seedlings, namely, dividing planting areas in the field by ridge widths of 50-60 cm and furrows of 25-30 cm, and ridging according to the ridge heights of 20-30 cm and the ridge surfaces of 25-30 cm; the strawberry parent plant is densely planted in the center of the ridge surface at a plant spacing of 20cm, and the stolons germinate towards two directions perpendicular to the ridge surface. The application adopts three-dimensional, classified and high-efficiency breeding of seedlings, and the germchit cultivated by the method has high quality parameters, strong plant resistance and good strawberry yield and quality.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of strawberry production, and particularly relates to the technical field of a method for efficiently breeding seedlings by creeping stems of open field strawberries.
Background
The stolon propagation is a seedling propagation method commonly adopted in strawberry production, and the method has the advantages of high propagation coefficient, simple propagation mode, convenient management and the like; by using the method, each parent plant can germinate 25-30 stolons, each stolons can generate 3-5 sub-plants, and 3 ten thousand high-quality stolons can be propagated every mu in a year. In production, a seed bed is usually made into a furrow with the width of 1.5m and the soil moisture height of 0.2-0.3 m by a strawberry farmer, 1 row of parent plants is planted in the middle of each furrow according to the plant spacing of about 1m, and stolons germinate to the periphery of the parent plants until the furrow surface is full. The traditional seedling raising mode has the advantages that seedlings of different grades and sections in stolons are interwoven and mixed, nutrients and space are mutually competing, so that the seedling plant height is too high, the false stems are too thin, the root systems are too few, the quality of the seedlings is uneven, and the strawberry farmers are rough in management, so that the survival rate after transplanting and the yield and quality of strawberries in field production are seriously affected.
The three types of vegetable furrows commonly used in China mainly comprise a flat furrow, a high furrow and ridges, the mode is basically adopted in the strawberry production process, in addition, the mode of propagating odd-numbered knots and even-numbered knots of the strawberries is a conventional method, but the mode of segmenting the strawberries is established on the furrow for operation, the prior art does not have a method of operating in soil moisture, in addition, the prior art does not have a classification mode of setting seedling areas, and the prior art description and research of the correlation of a first knot and a first knot of adjacent soil moisture surfaces are not provided. Regarding planting on the ridge, the prior art only plants strawberry seedling at the top of the ridge, and the plant of strawberry can grow along the both sides of the ridge after growing, and such production mode can not be fine to classify the segmentation, still mix management mode, is unfavorable for the increase of later stage fruit very much.
In summary of the prior art and the situation, the applicant develops a three-dimensional, classified and efficient seedling breeding method for the creeping stems of the open field strawberries.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the defects, and provides a method for efficiently breeding seedlings by creeping stems of open field strawberries. The method adopts three-dimensional, classified and efficient seedling breeding, and the seedling cultivated by the method has high quality parameters, strong plant resistance and good strawberry yield and quality.
The application is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
A method for efficiently breeding seedlings by creeping stems of open field strawberries comprises three-dimensionally breeding the seedlings, namely, dividing planting areas in the field by furrows with the ridge width of 50-60 cm and the furrow width of 25-30 cm, and ridging according to the ridge height of 20-30 cm and the ridge surface of 25-30 cm;
closely planting strawberry parent plants in the center of a ridge at a plant spacing of 20cm, and germinating stolons in two directions perpendicular to the ridge surface; when the stolon grows along the ridge surface to the trench bottom, a first node is generated when the length reaches 10-15 cm, a second-level stolon is generated at the node, and the stolon is removed in time;
when the stolon grows to the bottom of the ditch, namely 40-50 cm long, a second section position is generated, and the second section position grows a first plant seedling, namely a first seedling region;
when the stolon crawls towards the adjacent ridge surfaces, generating a third section position when the stolon grows to 55-65 cm, and managing the same first section position;
when the stolon grows to 90-105 cm, generating a fourth section position, and placing the stolon at the fourth section position on the adjacent ridge surface for growth, namely a second seedling area;
allowing the stolons to creep to the bottoms of the grooves on the adjacent ridge surfaces, and generating fifth sections when the length of the stolons is 105-120 cm, wherein the fifth sections are managed to be the same as the first sections;
generating a sixth section when the length of the stolon is 130-160 cm, arranging the stolon at the sixth section on the ditch bottom area of the adjacent ridge surface for growth, namely a third seedling area;
the creeping stems grown later are cut off. So that the unnecessary consumption of plant nutrients can be reduced, and the high-quality seedling rate can be improved by 0.5% -1.0%.
Further, in the third seedling region, the soil moisture surface adjacent to the third seedling region is the third seedling region of another group of mother plants, namely, the third seedling regions are all ditch bottom regions. The method and the device have the advantages that different types of seedlings are formed finally, scientific partition is carried out, the mixed situation is avoided, the method and the device play a very positive role in similar seedling management, in fact, in the plant production process, plant classification of herbaceous plants is very rare, the method and the device are actively researched, scientific basis and method suitable for strawberry plant classification management are found, and the method and the device play a very remarkable role in production of later fruits.
Further, the method comprises the steps of managing mother plants, including applying decomposed organic fertilizer for 1-2 t per mu, applying 20-10-10 compound fertilizer for 50-100 kg of total nutrient, fully and uniformly mixing with soil under deep ploughing, raking, ridging according to requirements, and densely planting at the center of the ridge surface at plant spacing of 20cm when the air temperature is 12-25 ℃ for 3-4 months. Furthermore, the method comprises the management of mother plants, wherein the management comprises the installation of a single-film double-spraying facility, namely, the installation of a drip tape under a reflective film and the installation of a spraying tape on the film; after transplanting survival, the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 is dripped at the concentration of 1% -2% and sprayed on leaves at the concentration of 0.2% every 10-15 days; when the air humidity is lower than 70%, the spraying belt is started, the air humidity is increased, and the growth of the blades is promoted.
Further, the method comprises the management of mother plants, wherein when more than 8 leaves are obtained, gibberellin is sprayed for 1-2 times in 20-40 mg/kg, old leaves and inflorescences are removed in time, axillary bud germination is promoted, and creeping stems are accelerated to be extracted and light.
Further, the method comprises the management of the 2 nd node seedling of the strawberry stolon, and specifically comprises the following steps: in the late 5 month period, the creeping stems of the strawberry parent plant will generate first seedlings at the 2 nd section, the seedlings are introduced into the first seedling area, the plastic U-shaped grooves are used for pressing the vines in time, and a small amount of nutrient soil is covered;
the cultivation soil is prepared from the following organic fertilizers: mixing fine soil in the volume ratio of 1 to 1, and mixing uniformly per m 2 10-15 g of compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 g is applied to keep soil moist;
when 4-6 functional leaves exist, 100-200 mg/kg paclobutrazol is sprayed for 1-2 times, and 50% shading net is used for shading, so as to promote root growth and flower bud differentiation. The step improves the high-quality seedling rate by 0.5 to 1.5 percent.
Further, the method comprises the management of the 4 th node seedling of the strawberry stolon, and specifically comprises the following steps: in the late 6 months, the creeping stems of the strawberry parent plant will generate the seedlings of the second plant at the 4 th node, the seedlings are introduced into the second seedling area, the vines are pressed in time by a plastic U-shaped groove, and a small amount of nutrient soil is covered;
the cultivation soil is prepared from the following organic fertilizers: mixing fine soil in the volume ratio of 2 to 1, and mixing uniformly per m 2 The total nutrient is applied to the plant with the total nutrient of 30-10-10 composite fertilizer of 20-25 g, the soil is kept moist, when 4-6 functional leaves exist, 50% shading net is used for shading light, and the root growth and flower bud differentiation are promoted. The step improves the high-quality seedling rate by 1.0% -2.0%.
Further, the method comprises the management of the 6 th node seedling of the strawberry stolon, and specifically comprises the following steps: in the late 7 months, creeping stems will generate third seedlings at the 6 th section, the seedlings are introduced into a third seedling area, the plastic U-shaped grooves are used for pressing the vines in time, and a small amount of nutrient soil is covered;
the cultivation soil is prepared from the following organic fertilizers: a substrate: mixing fine soil in the volume ratio of 2:1:1, and mixing uniformly per m 2 25-30 g of compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 is applied, 0.2% of high nitrogen compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 is sprayed on leaf surfaces every 7-10 days, 20-30 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid is used for 2-4 times, the alternation of soil dry and wet is kept, and the growth of adventitious roots is promoted;
when 4-6 functional leaves exist, 50% shading net is used for shading, so that root growth and flower bud differentiation are promoted. The high-quality seedling rate is improved by 1.0 to 2.5 percent.
Furthermore, the method comprises the steps of seedling production, including selecting a shallow dormancy strawberry variety with developed stolons, such as Zhang Ji, red color, fengxiang and the like.
Further, the method comprises the steps of seedling production, including quality standard of strawberry seedlings: adopting bare root seedlings or plug seedlings for cutting; the seedling has developed root system, strong white root, thick and short leaf stalk, stem thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm, 4-6 functional leaves and no plant diseases and insect pests.
The method has the beneficial effects that 1) the method changes the strawberry production from furrow planting into soil moisture planting, so that a three-dimensional planting effect is formed, the current situation of sectioning and mixing during planar planting is improved, intermediate competition is reduced, and a foundation is laid for better strawberry breeding; 2) The application carries out intensive study on the management of the mother plant, and optimizes in fertilizer, film spraying, humidity control and blade-fertilizer combined control modes respectively; 3) The application carries out intensive research on three special periods and areas of the 2 nd seedling, the 4 th seedling and the 6 th seedling, refines the seedlings in time and space, and researches a technical scheme with special stage and larger weight; 4) The application carries out intensive research on the strawberry variety suitable for the operation mode of the application, preferably selects the best strawberry variety, and puts forward quality standard requirements on the strawberry seedling. 5) The technical scheme of the application is very suitable for popularization in strawberry propagation enterprises or farmers, and in fact, the technical scheme of the application has been popularized in part of experimental areas and farmer families, has very obvious effect, and provides technical support for increasing income of the farmers.
The application is further explained below in connection with specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with examples of the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the application, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Example 1
In order to solve the technical problem of seedling production, the technical method of the embodiment is as follows:
selecting a shallow dormancy strawberry variety with developed stolons, such as Zhang Ji, red color, fragrance and the like.
Quality standard of strawberry seedlings: bare root seedlings or plug seedlings are adopted for cutting. The seedling has developed root system, strong white root, thick and short leaf stalk, stem thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm, 4-6 functional leaves and no plant diseases and insect pests.
Example 2
In order to solve the technical problem of field production, the technical method of the embodiment is as follows:
the technology for increasing the density of open field strawberry seedlings, reducing the creeping stem germination quantity of the plants and three-dimensional breeding of the seedlings is implemented.
The planting area is defined by a furrow surface with a furrow width of 50-60 cm and a furrow surface of 25-30 cm, and ridges are formed according to the furrow height of 20-30 cm and the furrow surface of 25-30 cm. The mother plants are densely planted in the center of the side surface of the soil moisture at a plant spacing of 20cm, and the stolons germinate 5-10 in two directions perpendicular to the soil moisture surface. When the stolons grow along the soil moisture surface to the bottom of the ditch, a first node occurs when the length reaches 10-15 cm, a second-level stolons will occur at the node, and the stolons should be removed in time; when the stolon grows to the bottom of the ditch, namely 40-50 cm long, a second section position is generated, and the first plant seedling, namely the first seedling region, grows on the second section position. When the stolon crawls towards the adjacent soil moisture surface, generating a third section position when the stolon grows to 55-65 cm, and managing the third section position to be the same as the first section position; when the stolon grows to 90-105 cm, a fourth section is generated, and the stolon at the fourth section is placed on the adjacent soil moisture surface for growth, namely a second seedling area. Allowing the stolons to creep to the bottoms of the furrows adjacent to the soil moisture surface, and generating fifth sections when the length of the stolons is 105-120 cm, wherein the fifth sections are managed to be identical to the first sections; when the length of the stolon is 130-160 cm, a sixth section is generated, and the stolon at the sixth section is arranged at the ditch bottom area of the adjacent soil moisture surface for growth, namely a third seedling area. The creeping stems grown later are cut off. The adjacent area is connected with a sixth section creeping stem seedling raising area of another group of mother plants.
And (5) implementing open field strawberry seedling classification type and efficient cultivation.
Example 3
And (5) managing the mother plant. Applying decomposed organic fertilizer 1-2 t per mu, total nutrient of 20-10-10 composite fertilizer 50-100 kg, deep ploughing under soil, fully and uniformly mixing with soil, raking, soil moisture preparing according to requirements, and densely planting in soil moisture center at plant spacing of 20cm in 3-4 months (air temperature is 12-25 ℃). And installing a single-film double-spraying facility, namely installing a drip tape below the reflective film, and installing a spraying tape on the film. After transplanting, the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 is dripped at the concentration of 1% -2% every 10-15 days, and the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is sprayed on leaves at the concentration of 0.2%. When the air humidity is lower than 70%, the spraying belt is started, the air humidity is increased, and the growth of the blades is promoted. When the leaves reach more than 8 pieces, gibberellin is sprayed for 1-2 times with the dosage of 20-40 mg/kg, old leaves and inflorescences are removed in time, axillary buds are promoted to germinate, creeping stems are accelerated to take out light, and meanwhile, the prevention and control of insect pests are enhanced.
And (3) managing odd numbered sections of the strawberries, namely 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th sections of the strawberries. Because the odd sections of the strawberry stolon only generate secondary stolon branches, adventitious roots and seedlings are not formed, the branches of the odd sections should be removed in time, so that nutrient consumption is reduced, or bud inhibitors such as bud enemy, bud inhibition pellet and the like are applied to control the growth of the branches; when the stolon grows to the 7 th node, the occurrence of ineffective seedlings is prevented due to timely cutting.
Example 4
And (5) managing the 2 nd section seedlings of the strawberry stolon. In the next ten days of 5 months, the creeping stems of the strawberry parent plant will generate first seedlings at the 2 nd section, the seedlings are introduced into the first seedling area, the plastic U-shaped grooves are used for pressing the vines in time, and a small amount of nutrient soil is covered. The cultivation soil is prepared from the following organic fertilizers: mixing fine soil in the volume ratio of 1 to 1, and mixing uniformly per m 2 10-15 g of compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 is applied, soil is kept moist, 100-200 mg/kg of paclobutrazol is sprayed for 1-2 times when 4-6 functional leaves exist, and 50% shading net is used for shading, so that root growth and flower bud differentiation are promoted.
Example 5
And (5) managing the seedlings at the 4 th section of the strawberry stolon. In the late 6 months, the creeping stems of the strawberry parent plant will generate the seedlings of the second plant at the 4 th node, the seedlings are introduced into the second seedling area, the vines are pressed in time by the plastic U-shaped groove, and a small amount of nutrient soil is covered. The cultivation soil is prepared from the following organic fertilizers: mixing fine soil in the volume ratio of 2 to 1, and mixing uniformly per m 2 The total nutrient is applied to the plant with the total nutrient of 30-10-10 composite fertilizer of 20-25 g, the soil is kept moist, when 4-6 functional leaves exist, 50% shading net is used for shading light, and the root growth and flower bud differentiation are promoted.
Example 6
And (5) managing the 6 th-node seedling of the strawberry stolon. In the last ten days of 7 months, the creeping stems will generate a third seedling at the 6 th node, the seedling is introduced into a third seedling area, the plastic U-shaped groove is used for pressing the vine in time, and a small amount of nutrient soil is covered. The cultivation soil is prepared from the following organic fertilizers: a substrate: mixing fine soil in the volume ratio of 2:1:1, and mixing uniformly per m 2 25-30 g of compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 is applied, 0.2% of high nitrogen compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 is sprayed on leaf surfaces every 7-10 days, 20-30 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid is used for 2-4 times, the alternation of soil dry and wet is kept, and the growth of adventitious roots is promoted. When 4-6 functional leaves exist, 50% shading net is used for shading, so that root growth and flower bud differentiation are promoted.
Other management is consistent with conventional techniques.
Comparison test:
the test is divided into a group 1, a group 2 and a control group, the planting varieties of the test groups are Zhang Ji, and the traditional open field stolons are adopted for seedling cultivation, the traditional stolons are adopted for cutting plug seedling cultivation, and the open field stolons are adopted for efficient seedling reproduction. The seedling quality and labor condition were counted, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Item group/group category | High-quality seedling rate (%) | Production cost (Yuan/666.7m2) |
| Traditional open field stolon seedling culture | 42.4 | 3210.3 |
| Plug seedling of creeping stems | 81.5 | 6124.1 |
| High-efficiency open field stolon seedling propagation method | 75.6 | 4510.5 |
As can be seen from table 1: the planting method has the advantages of good seedling quality, low cost and remarkable benefit, and is superior to the traditional open field seedling and plug cutting seedling methods. The percentage of high-quality seedlings is increased to more than 80%, the breeding of the high-quality fruits at the later stage is greatly promoted, and the classification of the seedlings is provided, so that the fruits can be classified into three grades I, II and III according to different subarea areas during the fruit production at the later stage, and the economic value of the strawberries is improved during sales.
The foregoing is only a few specific embodiments of the present application (since the embodiments of the present application are not intended to be exhaustive, the scope of the application is defined by the description of the application and other technical gist of the application), and the details or common sense of the prior art are not described in any detail herein. It should be noted that the above embodiments do not limit the present application in any way, and it is within the scope of the present application for those skilled in the art to obtain the technical solution by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for efficiently breeding seedlings by creeping stems of open field strawberries is characterized by comprising the steps of three-dimensionally breeding the seedlings, namely, dividing planting areas in a field by ridge widths of 50-60 cm and furrows of 25-30 cm, and ridging according to the ridge heights of 20-30 cm and the ridge surfaces of 25-30 cm;
closely planting strawberry parent plants at the center of a ridge surface at a plant distance of 20cm, and germinating stolons in two directions perpendicular to the ridge surface; when the stolon grows along the ridge surface to the trench bottom, a first node is generated when the length reaches 10-15 cm, a second-level stolon is generated at the node, and the stolon is removed in time;
when the stolon grows to the bottom of the ditch, namely 40-50 cm long, a second section position is generated, and the second section position grows a first plant seedling, namely a first seedling region; the management of the second-stage seedling comprises the following steps: in the late 5 month period, the creeping stems of the strawberry parent plant will generate first seedlings at the second node, the seedlings are introduced into the first seedling area, the plastic U-shaped grooves are used for pressing the vines in time, and a small amount of nutrient soil is covered; the cultivation soil is prepared from the following organic fertilizers: mixing fine soil in the volume ratio of 1 to 1, and mixing uniformly per m 2 10-15 g of compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 g is applied to keep soil moist; when 4-6 functional leaves exist, 100-200 mg/kg of paclobutrazol is sprayed for 1-2 times, and 50% shading net is used for shading light, so that root growth and flower bud differentiation are promoted;
when the stolon crawls towards the adjacent ridge surfaces, generating a third section position when the stolon grows to 55-65 cm, and managing the same first section position;
when the stolon grows to 90-105 cm, generating a fourth section position, and placing the stolon at the fourth section position on the adjacent ridge surface for growth, namely a second seedling area; the management of the fourth-section seedling is specifically as follows: in the late 6 months, the creeping stems of the strawberry parent plant will generate the seedlings of the second plant at the fourth section, the seedlings are introduced into the second seedling area, the vines are pressed in time by a plastic U-shaped groove, and a small amount of nutrient soil is covered; the cultivation soil is prepared from the following organic fertilizers: mixing fine soil in the volume ratio of 2 to 1, and mixing uniformly per m 2 Applying 20-25 g of compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 to keep soil moist, and shading with 50% shading net when 4-6 functional leaves exist, so as to promote root growth and flower bud differentiation;
allowing the stolons to creep to the bottoms of the grooves on the adjacent ridge surfaces, and generating fifth sections when the length of the stolons is 105-120 cm, wherein the fifth sections are managed to be the same as the first sections;
generating a sixth section when the length of the stolon is 130-160 cm, arranging the stolon at the sixth section on the ditch bottom area of the adjacent ridge surface for growth, namely a third seedling area; the sixth section of seedling management is specifically as follows: in the last ten days of 7 months, creeping stems will generate third seedlings at the sixth section, the seedlings are introduced into a third seedling area, the plastic U-shaped grooves are used for pressing the vines in time, and a small amount of nutrient soil is covered;
the cultivation soil is prepared from the following organic fertilizers: a substrate: mixing fine soil in the volume ratio of 2:1:1, and mixing uniformly per m 2 25-30 g of compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 is applied, 0.2% of high nitrogen compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 is sprayed on leaf surfaces every 7-10 days, 20-30 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid is used for 2-4 times, the alternation of soil dry and wet is kept, and the growth of adventitious roots is promoted;
when 4-6 functional leaves exist, a 50% shading net is used for shading, so that root growth and flower bud differentiation are promoted;
the creeping stems grown later are cut off.
2. The method for efficiently breeding seedlings by creeping stems of open field strawberries according to claim 1, wherein the soil moisture surface adjacent to the third seedling region is the third seedling region of another group of mother plants, namely, the ditch bottom regions.
3. The method for efficiently breeding seedlings by creeping stems of open field strawberries according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the steps of managing mother plants, applying 1-2 t of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, applying 50-100 kg of total nutrient of 20-10 compound fertilizer, deeply ploughing under the ground, fully and uniformly mixing with soil, raking, and densely planting at the center of ridge surface with plant spacing of 20cm at the temperature of 12-25 ℃ for 3-4 months after soil moisture is prepared according to requirements.
4. The method for efficiently breeding seedlings by creeping stems of open field strawberries according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the steps of managing parent plants, wherein a single-film double-spraying facility is installed, namely a drip tape is installed under a reflective film, and a spray tape is installed on the film; after transplanting survival, the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer with total nutrient of 30-10-10 is dripped at the concentration of 1% -2% and sprayed on leaves at the concentration of 0.2% every 10-15 days; when the air humidity is lower than 70%, the spraying belt is started, the air humidity is increased, and the growth of the blades is promoted.
5. The method for efficiently breeding seedlings by creeping stems of open field strawberries according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises management of mother plants, and comprises spraying gibberellin 20-40 mg/kg for 1-2 times when more than 8 leaves are obtained, timely removing old leaves and inflorescences, promoting axillary bud germination and accelerating creeping stems to take out light.
6. A method for efficiently breeding seedlings of open field strawberries according to claim 1, which comprises the steps of seedling production, including selecting a shallow dormant strawberry variety with Zhang Ji, red, rich and fragrant stolons.
7. A method for efficient breeding of seedlings of open field strawberry stolons according to claim 1, comprising the production of seedlings, including quality criteria for strawberry seedlings: adopting bare root seedlings or plug seedlings for cutting; the seedling has developed root system, strong white root, thick and short leaf stalk, stem thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm, 4-6 functional leaves and no plant diseases and insect pests.
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