CN113092313A - Composite pollution heavy metal ion migration test device with loading function - Google Patents
Composite pollution heavy metal ion migration test device with loading function Download PDFInfo
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- CN113092313A CN113092313A CN202110280542.9A CN202110280542A CN113092313A CN 113092313 A CN113092313 A CN 113092313A CN 202110280542 A CN202110280542 A CN 202110280542A CN 113092313 A CN113092313 A CN 113092313A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite pollution heavy metal ion migration test device with a loading function, which comprises a support frame, a water supply device, a loading device and a plurality of migration pipelines, wherein the upper support plate and the lower support plate are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the support frame; the water supply device is connected with the water inlet through a water injection pipe, the water outlet is connected with a water discharge pipe, the water discharge pipe is sequentially provided with a water discharge valve and a water flow sensor, the outlet of the water discharge pipe is provided with a liquid storage chamber capable of measuring the volume of the liquid, and each liquid storage chamber is provided with a concentration measuring instrument capable of detecting the concentration of the liquid in the liquid storage chamber. The device has a simple structure, and integrates additional load, composite heavy metal interactive pollution, concentration detection and permeability measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical tests, relates to composite pollution of ion migration and simultaneous development of multiple groups of leaching tests, and particularly relates to a composite pollution heavy metal ion migration test device with a loading function.
Background
With the continuous development of economy, the environmental pollution is increased continuously, and the urban land is polluted frequently. At present, most of researches on pollutants in soil at home and abroad only consider environmental behaviors of a single pollutant level, but the researches on compound pollution in soil are very few. In nature, although environmental pollution caused by a single pollutant sometimes occurs, single pollution in an absolute sense does not exist, and the pollution is accompanied and comprehensive, namely, composite pollution formed by multiple pollutants. In fact, heavy metal combined pollution in soil is very common, and for example, pollution caused by sludge of sewage treatment plants, municipal domestic waste, industrial wastewater and the like is mostly heavy metal combined pollution. Therefore, the research on the heavy metal combined pollution has very important significance for correctly evaluating the migration and transformation behaviors of pollutants under the combined pollution condition, helping people to take reasonable diagnosis and treatment measures and the like. The indoor simulation test-leaching test is very common in the test and test technology of the polluted soil, but no test instrument special for the polluted soil is developed at present, most of the leaching tests adopt soil column leaching tests, namely, a soil sample is filled in a model barrel, fine sand and geotextile are laid on the upper surface of the soil sample to enable the solution to infiltrate more uniformly, meanwhile, the scouring on the soil surface is reduced, the infiltration speed is controlled through a Ma bottle and a flowmeter, and a magnetic stirrer is used for stirring heavy metal solution during the test. The method has the defects of low leaching test efficiency, large error, incapability of simultaneously carrying out multiple groups of simulation tests, complex operation during heavy metal combined pollution and incapability of rapidly simulating ion migration of heavy metal combined pollution under the action of static load.
At present, in the leaching test of the heavy metal combined pollution in China, a plurality of groups of heavy metal pollution tests can not be simultaneously carried out on a sample under the action of specific additional stress, and different types of the combined pollution at different depths in a soil column can not be realized. The method has no proper test device for researching ion migration of the composite polluted soil under the action of additional stress and the influence of interaction between ions, and is lack of a test instrument special for the polluted soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem that a single or multiple heavy metal test is carried out by a device for a plurality of soil columns in a leaching test, different heights of each soil column are mutually connected by a guide pipe, and the heavy metal composite pollution in different soil columns and the composite pollution at different depths are researched by a valve switch during the test. Meanwhile, under the action of additional stress of different levels, the migration research of ions can be carried out, and the permeability coefficient can be obtained by monitoring real-time data through a flow sensor.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the scheme of a test device as follows:
the utility model provides a combined pollution heavy metal ion migration test device with loading function which characterized in that: the device comprises a support frame, a water supply device, a loading device and a plurality of migration pipelines, wherein the support frame is fixedly arranged on a test platform, an upper support plate and a lower support plate are respectively arranged above and below the support frame, the plurality of migration pipelines are detachably arranged on the lower support plate, a loading head is arranged above each migration pipeline, the loading device is used for applying downward pressure to a soil sample in each migration pipeline through the loading head, every two adjacent migration pipelines are connected through a communicating pipe with a stop valve, a water inlet is arranged at the upper part of each migration pipeline, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of each migration pipeline, and a permeable stone and a piece of filter paper are respectively arranged below the water inlet and above the water outlet in each migration; the water supply device is connected with the water inlet through the water injection pipe, supplies water containing or not containing heavy metal to the migration pipeline through the water supply device, the delivery port is connected with the drain pipe, be equipped with drain valve and water flow sensor on the drain pipe in proper order, the drain pipe export is equipped with the liquid storage room that can measure the volume of the liquid that connects, all is equipped with a concentration measurement appearance that can detect its interior liquid concentration on every liquid storage room.
Furthermore, the loading device comprises telescopic devices and loading controllers, the number of the telescopic devices corresponds to that of the migration pipelines, the telescopic devices are installed at the bottom of the upper supporting plate, each loading head is installed at a free telescopic end of one telescopic device, and each telescopic device can be controlled to independently stretch and retract through the loading controllers.
Furthermore, the telescopic device is an electric push rod, a displacement sensor used for detecting the extension length is arranged on the electric push rod, and a load sensor used for monitoring the force applied to the loading head is arranged on the electric push rod.
Furthermore, the soil sample in the migration pipeline is provided with permeable stones from top to bottom, the water inlet is arranged above the permeable stones on the upper portion, the lower end of the migration pipeline is connected with the lower supporting plate through a flange, and a sealing gasket or a sealant is arranged between the flange surface of the lower end of the migration pipeline and the lower supporting plate.
Further, water supply installation includes water pump and inlet tube, the water source is connected to inlet tube one end, and the water pump entry is connected to the other end, and the water pump export passes through the water inlet of water injection union coupling migration pipeline.
Furthermore, the support frame is three stands, and both ends are fixed continuous the constitution stable support through last backup pad, bottom suspension fagging respectively about three stands, the migration pipeline has three, and every migration pipeline upper portion links to each other with the stand through a horizontal stand.
Furthermore, be equipped with the XRF soil heavy metal measuring apparatu of measuring heavy metal ion concentration in the corresponding migration pipeline on the horizontal stand, the horizontal stand is the 8 font supports of annular that can reciprocate.
Furthermore, a water permeable hole is formed in the loading head, the migration pipeline is a transparent pipeline, and a super-hydrophobic coating for preventing water drops from being hung on the wall is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline.
Further, the concentration measuring instrument is a refractometer sensor.
The test method of the composite polluted heavy metal ion migration test device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, assembling a heavy metal ion migration test device, installing a migration pipeline on a lower support plate, and checking the connection tightness between the lower end of the migration pipeline and the lower support plate;
and 2, firstly placing a permeable stone and a filter paper at the bottom in the migration pipeline, then filling the migration pipeline with a soil sample, uniformly paving and compacting the soil sample by using a tool at each section of filling until the required height is reached, and then placing the filter paper and the permeable stone.
And 3, connecting the water inlet of the migration pipeline with the water supply devices, setting the water source of each water supply device according to test requirements, closing a drain valve of the migration pipeline and a stop valve on a communicating pipe, starting the water supply devices, and injecting initial solutions containing different heavy metal ions into different migration pipelines.
Compared with the existing leaching device, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a composite pollution heavy metal ion migration test device with a loading function, which comprises a support frame, a water supply device, a loading device and a plurality of migration pipelines, wherein the support frame is fixedly arranged on a test platform, an upper support plate and a lower support plate are respectively arranged above and below the support frame, the plurality of migration pipelines are detachably arranged on the lower support plate, a loading head is arranged above each migration pipeline, the loading device is used for applying downward pressure to a soil sample in each migration pipeline through the loading head, every two adjacent migration pipelines are connected through a communicating pipe with a stop valve, a water inlet is arranged at the upper part of each migration pipeline, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of each migration pipeline, and a permeable stone and a piece of filter paper are respectively arranged below and above the water inlet in each migration pipeline; the water supply device is connected with the water inlet through the water injection pipe, supplies water containing or not containing heavy metal to the migration pipeline through the water supply device, the delivery port is connected with the drain pipe, be equipped with drain valve and water flow sensor on the drain pipe in proper order, the drain pipe export is equipped with the liquid storage room that can measure the volume of the liquid that connects, all is equipped with a concentration measurement appearance that can detect its interior liquid concentration on every liquid storage room. The loading device comprises telescopic devices and loading controllers, the number of the telescopic devices corresponds to that of the migration pipelines, the telescopic devices are installed at the bottom of the upper supporting plate, each loading head is installed at a free telescopic end of one telescopic device, and each telescopic device can be controlled to independently stretch and retract through the loading controllers. The invention can apply additional loads of different grades to the soil sample during the migration test, and the loading is simple, convenient and easy to operate.
Secondly, because the pressure chamber is composed of a plurality of single migration conduits, when the rubber conduit valves between the pipelines are closed, a plurality of groups of leaching tests can be carried out simultaneously, and the efficiency is higher than that of a single leaching device.
Thirdly, in the test process, the soil columns polluted by different heavy metals can be connected through the guide pipes (communicating pipes) to research the ion migration problem of the heavy metal composite pollution, the traditional research method is to mix two heavy metal pollution solutions and then carry out leaching test by using the mixed solution, compared with the traditional method, the test device is more in line with the actual situation, is simple and convenient to operate, and can better simulate the migration influence of the ambient actual situation on the heavy metal composite pollution ions.
Fourthly, the permeability coefficient of the sample can be directly obtained through real-time monitoring by the water flow sensor in the test process, and compared with manual calculation, the efficiency is greatly improved.
Fifthly, the liquid storage chamber can collect the filtrate, and can also monitor the volume of collecting the filtrate in real time through a built-in electronic weighing sensing instrument, so that the device is more informationized and efficient.
Sixth, the concentration detector measures the magnitude of the critical refraction angle by emitting light based on the principle of refraction of light in the process medium, i.e., using a yellow LED light source having the same wavelength (589nm) as the sodium D line (hence nD), the measured refractive index nD and the process medium temperature are transmitted to a display transmitter via a cable, the display transmitter calculates the process liquid concentration based on the refractive index and temperature, and predefined process conditions, then a 4-20 mA direct current signal is output by a transducer and is proportional to the concentration of the process solution, the liquid density, the Brix or other measurement unit scales selected by the instrument, the process data is connected by an Ethernet cable and is transmitted to a computer, can directly obtain the solution concentration of experimental overall process like this, compare in loaded down with trivial details manual measurement calculation, this device is more high-efficient.
Seventh, the type and content of the corresponding heavy metal can be directly obtained on a computer by irradiating X-rays on the substance to generate X-ray fluorescence and measuring the wavelength and intensity of the fluorescence X-rays through an XRF soil heavy metal measuring instrument in a horizontal bracket on the migration tube.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a combined pollution heavy metal ion migration test device in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transfer pipe and a lower unmeasurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a loading device in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the migration test procedure of the heavy metal ions in the combined pollution in the embodiment of the present invention.
1-loading a controller; 2-an upper support plate; 3-a telescopic device; 4-loading head; 5-a transfer pipe; 6-water injection pipe; 7-communicating pipe; 8-a shut-off valve; 9-a lower support plate; 10-upright post; 11-a drain pipe; 12-a drain valve; 13-XRF soil heavy metal measuring instrument; 14-a water inlet pipe; 15-a liquid reservoir; 16-signal conversion means; 17-a load cell; 18-a computer; 19-test platform; 20-a displacement sensor; 21-a horizontal support; 22-a water pump; 23-a water flow sensor; 24-permeable stone; 25-refractometer sensor, 26-drainage device, 27-soil sample, 28-water inlet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides a composite pollution heavy metal ion migration test device with a loading function, which comprises a support frame, a water supply device, a loading device, 3 migration pipelines 5 and a computer 18 for collecting and displaying data, wherein the support frame is formed by fixedly connecting three upright posts 10 and two support plates, the two support plates are triangular plates and are respectively an upper support plate 2 and a lower support plate 9, the support frame is fixedly installed on a test platform 19, the 3 migration pipelines 5 are detachably installed on the lower support plate 9, a loading head 4 is arranged above each migration pipeline 5, the loading device is used for applying downward pressure to soil samples in the migration pipelines 5 through the loading head 4, every two adjacent migration pipelines 5 are connected through a communicating pipe 7 with a cut-off valve 8, the upper parts of the migration pipelines 5 are provided with a water inlet 28, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom, and a permeable stone 24 and a piece of filter paper (not shown in the figure) are respectively arranged below the water inlet 28 and above the water outlet in the migration pipeline 5; the water supply device is connected with the water inlet 28 through the water injection pipe 6, supplies water containing or not containing heavy metal in the migration pipeline 5 through the water supply device, the delivery port is connected with the drain pipe 11, be equipped with the drain valve 12 and the water flow sensor 23 on the drain pipe 11 in proper order, the outlet of the drain pipe 11 is equipped with the liquid storage chamber 15 that can measure the volume of the liquid that connects, all is equipped with a concentration measurement appearance that can detect liquid concentration in it on every liquid storage chamber 15.
The loading device comprises telescopic devices 3 and loading controllers 1, the number of the telescopic devices 3 corresponds to that of the transfer pipelines 5, the telescopic devices 3 are arranged at the bottom of the upper supporting plate 2, each loading head 4 is arranged at a free telescopic end of one telescopic device 3, and each telescopic device 3 can be controlled to independently stretch and retract through the loading controllers 1. The upper loading device can be stably loaded through the upper support plate 2, the load sensor 17 is arranged in the telescopic device 3 and can also be arranged between a telescopic head and a loading head 4 of the telescopic device 3, the telescopic device 3 can adopt an electric push rod, a lead screw nut mechanism, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder and the like, the specific form is not limited, the loading function can be completed, and the set loading force can be achieved; the surface of the loading head 4 is provided with a plurality of dense small holes so that when the loading head 4 moves below the water inlet 28, the liquid supplied by the water supply device can smoothly enter the migration pipeline 5. As shown in fig. 3, the displacement sensor 20 is used to detect the distance by which the telescopic device 3 extends and contracts, and the load sensor 17 is used to detect the actual load magnitude of the telescopic device 3.
As shown in fig. 1, the horizontal bracket 21 is an 8-shaped bracket, and two ends of the horizontal bracket are connected with the transfer pipeline 5 and the upright post 10 of the support bracket, so that the pipeline is prevented from being unstable in the loading process; the water supply device is arranged on the test platform 19, one end of the water inlet pipe 14 is connected with a water source (water added with heavy metal ions or clean water not added), the other end is connected with the water pump 22, one end of the water injection pipe 6 is connected with the water pump 22, and the other end is connected with the water inlet 28 at the upper end of the migration pipeline 5; the lower end of the migration pipeline 5 is connected out by a conduit through a pore channel reserved on the lower supporting plate 9 to be used as a water outlet, and the purpose of the migration pipeline is to ensure that the conduit is tightly connected with the lower supporting plate 9 and water cannot seep; the drain pipe 11 is connected to delivery port below, and drain pipe 11 below is equipped with liquid apotheca 15, and flow monitoring device locates water flow sensor 23 on the drain pipe 11 for measure the flow of filtrating, and water discharge valve 12 is equipped with in water flow sensor 23's the upper reaches, whether discharges water through the control of drain valve 12.
Be equipped with the XRF soil heavy metal measuring apparatu 13 of measuring heavy metal ion concentration in the corresponding migration pipeline 5 on the horizontal stand 21, horizontal stand 21 is the annular 8 font support that can reciprocate, can fix temporarily through the puller bolt between 8 font support and the migration pipeline 5, also can not fix, can carry XRF soil heavy metal measuring apparatu 13 to reciprocate along the migration pipeline through reciprocating 8 font support to measure the concentration of the different height departments on the migration pipeline.
In this embodiment, the concentration measuring instrument is a refractometer sensor 25, specifically, a CY-RI-a on-line refractometer sensor 25, and reads the concentration of the filtrate in the liquid storage chamber 15 according to the corresponding relationship between the refractive index and the solution concentration.
The signal conversion device 16 is connected to the water flow sensor 23 and the refractometer sensor 25, and is used for performing signal conversion, converting analog information into digital signals, and conveniently recognizing the digital signals by the computer 18.
The migration pipeline 5 adopts a high-strength ABS transparent pipeline, so that the internal condition of the pipeline can be observed conveniently, a layer of super-hydrophobic coating can be added on the wall of the pipeline, and water drops are prevented from adhering to the wall of the pipeline and cannot seep down; the flow monitoring device adopts a built-in turbine flow water flow sensor 23 with the model of YF-2102-A, is connected with a water outlet through a water discharge pipe 11 and monitors the passing water flow; the water pump 22 is a self-priming miniature high-pressure water pump with the model number of HSP 11050T.
As a modified embodiment, the drain pipe 11 of the present invention is further provided with a pore water pressure measuring sensor for controlling the drain pressure in cooperation with the drain valve 12.
As shown in fig. 4, the invention further provides a test method of the composite pollution heavy metal ion migration test device with the loading function, which comprises the following steps:
1) coating a super-hydrophobic coating on the inner wall of the migration pipeline 5 to prevent water drops from adhering to the pipe wall and being incapable of seeping down, tightly connecting the pipeline opening of the migration pipeline 5 with a flange bayonet reserved on the lower supporting plate 9, coating a layer of sealant on the interface, winding a sealing adhesive tape for multiple circles to ensure compactness, and checking the tightness of all joints;
2) assembling the required migration pipeline 5, selecting the communicating pipe 7 to be connected according to the requirements of the test scheme, closing the stop valve 8, and paying attention to check the sealing conditions of the communicating pipe 7 and the stop valve 8;
3) the preparation sample, every soil sample 27 that adds the optimum moisture content of 10mm height, it is even to use the glass stick to make its shop, add required height until soil sample, and place a permeable stone 24 and filter paper respectively in sample top and bottom, close drain valve 12 on the drain pipe 11, make water supply installation's the initial solution of inlet tube 14 one end connection heavy metal pollution, the water inlet 28 that the migration pipeline 5 upper wall was reserved out is connected to the water injection pipe 6, open water pump 22, treat that the heavy metal solution reaches the saturation after flowing into the soil sample 24h in the migration pipeline 5, open drain valve 12. Selecting the number of samples required for manufacturing according to test requirements, and opening the cut-off valves 8 between the corresponding migration pipelines 5 according to the test target;
4) starting the loading device, setting a start control displacement of Zmm/min, and finally loading force of X N, enabling the telescopic device 3 to descend, enabling the telescopic device to contact the permeable stone 24 through the loading head 4, testing the pressure of the soil sample at the lower part of the permeable stone 24 through the permeable stone 24, stopping the descent of the telescopic device 3 when the final control load of X N is reached, and keeping the pressure at the load level for 1 h; then, setting initial control displacement Xmm/min, the final control force reaching X + Y N, continuously descending the expansion device 3 to a certain height and keeping the height unchanged, keeping the pressure at the load level for 1h, circulating the operation to explore the ion migration condition of heavy metal composite pollution under the additional load action of different levels of pressure, wherein at the moment, the heavy metal polluted liquid in different pipelines generates ion migration through the communicating pipe 7, then the liquid storage chamber 15 collects the filtrate, and the volume of the collected filtrate can be monitored in real time through the built-in electronic weighing sensing instrument, a concentration measuring switch of a concentration measuring instrument is started, and the size of the critical refraction angle is measured by emitting light based on the refraction principle of the light in the process medium, namely, adopting a yellow LED light source with the same wavelength (589nm) as a sodium D line (so called nD), the measured refractive index nD and the process medium temperature are transmitted via a cable to a display transducer, which calculates the process liquid concentration from the refractive index and temperature, as well as predefined process conditions. The transmitter outputs 4-20 mA direct current signals which are proportional to the concentration of process solution, liquid density, Brix or other measurement unit scales selected by the instrument, process data are connected through an Ethernet cable and transmitted to the computer 18, water flow change collected by the water flow sensor 23 is transmitted to the computer 18, and the permeability coefficient of the water flow change is calculated through a corresponding formula (common knowledge, which is not the improvement technology of the invention).
5) And when the test is finished, closing the loading device and the water pump 22, stopping loading and injecting the metal pollution liquid, closing the cut-off valves 8 between the migration pipelines 5, detaching and cleaning the communicating pipes 7, recovering the expansion device 3 to the initial state, closing the yellow LED light source emitted by the concentration measuring instrument, detaching the migration pipelines 5, taking out the soil samples at different parts, measuring the heavy metal content of the soil samples, cleaning the pipelines and the rubber conduit, opening the filtrate collecting chamber, taking out the filtrate in the filtrate collecting chamber, and cleaning the collecting chamber.
Example 1, the method for testing the migration of the heavy metal ions in the combined pollution is as follows:
1) adding a layer of super-hydrophobic coating on the pipeline wall of the transfer pipeline 5, tightly connecting the pipeline opening of the transfer pipeline 5 with a flange bayonet reserved on a lower supporting plate 9, coating a layer of sealant on the interface, winding a plurality of circles by using a sealing adhesive tape, and checking the sealing performance of all connecting positions;
2) assembling the migration pipeline 5 which is explored for composite pollution of Cu, Hg and Zn ions under the action of different levels of static loads, connecting corresponding communicating pipes 7 according to the requirements of the test scheme, opening corresponding cut-off valves 8, and checking the sealing conditions of the communicating pipes 7 and the cut-off valves 8;
3) preparing a sample, respectively adding a soil sample with the optimal water content of 10mm height into the three migration pipelines 5, uniformly paving the soil sample by using a glass rod until the soil sample is added to the required height, respectively placing a permeable stone 24 and filter paper at the top and the bottom of the sample, closing a drain valve 12 and a cut-off valve 8 of the migration pipelines 5, respectively connecting one ends of water inlet pipes 14 of the three water supply devices with initial solutions polluted by three heavy metals of Cu, Hg and Zn, respectively connecting the three water injection pipes 6 with water inlets 28 on the three migration pipelines 5, starting a water pump 22, and opening the drain valve 12 of the water outlet device and the cut-off valve 8 between the three migration pipelines 5 after the heavy metal solution flows into the soil sample in the migration pipelines 5 and is saturated for 24 hours;
4) starting a switch of the loading device, setting initial control displacement to be 1mm/min, and setting final control force to be 100N, descending the expansion device 3, contacting the permeable stone 24, penetrating the permeable stone 24, testing pressure of a soil sample at the lower part of the expansion device, stopping descending the expansion device 3 when final control load reaches 100N, and keeping the pressure at the load level for 1 h; then setting the initial control displacement to be 1mm/min, the final control load to be 100+100N, the expansion device 3 continuously descends to a certain height and then keeps unchanged, keeping the pressure at the load level for 1h, circulating the operation until the final control load reaches 400N, at the moment, the heavy metal polluted liquid in different pipelines generates ion migration through the communicating pipe 7, then the liquid storage chamber 15 collects filtrate, and reading the volume of the collected filtrate on the computer 18 through a built-in electronic weighing sensing instrument, respectively, starting a concentration measurement switch, measuring the size of a critical refraction angle by emitting light rays based on the refraction principle of light in a process medium, namely adopting a yellow LED light source with the same wavelength (589nm) as a sodium D line (therefore called nD), the measured refraction index nD and the process medium temperature are sent to a display transmitter through a cable, and the display transmitter transmits the measured refraction index and temperature according to the refraction index and the temperature, and calculating the process liquid concentration under predetermined process conditions. The transmitter outputs 4-20 mA direct current signals which are proportional to the concentration of process solution, liquid density, Brix or other measurement unit scales selected by the instrument, process data are connected through an Ethernet line and transmitted to the computer 18, and water flow changes collected by the water flow sensor 23 are transmitted to the computer 18 to read the permeability coefficient, the concentration and the volume of liquid at the moment.
5) And when the test is finished, closing the loading device and the water pump 22, stopping loading and emphasizing metal polluted liquid, closing the stop valve 8 between the migration pipelines 5, detaching and cleaning the communicating pipe 7, recovering the expansion device 3 to the initial state, closing the yellow LED light source emitted by the concentration measuring instrument, detaching and leaching the pipelines, taking out soil samples at different parts, measuring the heavy metal content of the soil samples, cleaning the pipelines and the rubber conduit, opening the filtrate collecting chamber, taking out filtrate in the filtrate collecting chamber, and cleaning the collecting chamber.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a combined pollution heavy metal ion migration test device with loading function which characterized in that: the device comprises a support frame, a water supply device, a loading device and a plurality of migration pipelines, wherein the support frame is fixedly arranged on a test platform, an upper support plate and a lower support plate are respectively arranged above and below the support frame, the plurality of migration pipelines are detachably arranged on the lower support plate, a loading head is arranged above each migration pipeline, the loading device is used for applying downward pressure to a soil sample in each migration pipeline through the loading head, every two adjacent migration pipelines are connected through a communicating pipe with a stop valve, a water inlet is arranged at the upper part of each migration pipeline, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of each migration pipeline, and a permeable stone and a piece of filter paper are respectively arranged below the water inlet and above the water outlet in each migration; the water supply device is connected with the water inlet through the water injection pipe, supplies water containing or not containing heavy metal to the migration pipeline through the water supply device, the delivery port is connected with the drain pipe, be equipped with drain valve and water flow sensor on the drain pipe in proper order, the drain pipe export is equipped with the liquid storage room that can measure the volume of the liquid that connects, all is equipped with a concentration measurement appearance that can detect its interior liquid concentration on every liquid storage room.
2. The combined contamination heavy metal ion migration test device of claim 1, characterized in that: the loading device comprises telescopic devices and loading controllers, the number of the telescopic devices corresponds to that of the migration pipelines, the telescopic devices are installed at the bottom of the upper supporting plate, each loading head is installed at a free telescopic end of one telescopic device, and each telescopic device can be controlled to independently stretch and retract through the loading controllers.
3. The combined contamination heavy metal ion migration test device of claim 2, characterized in that: the telescopic device is an electric push rod, a displacement sensor used for detecting the extension length is arranged on the electric push rod, and a load sensor used for monitoring the force applied to the loading head is arranged on the electric push rod.
4. The combined contamination heavy metal ion migration test device of claim 1, characterized in that: the soil sample in the migration pipeline is provided with permeable stones from top to bottom, the water inlet is formed above the permeable stones at the upper part, the lower end of the migration pipeline is connected with the lower supporting plate through a flange, and a sealing gasket or a sealant is arranged between the flange surface at the lower end of the migration pipeline and the lower supporting plate.
5. The combined contamination heavy metal ion migration test device of claim 1, characterized in that: the water supply device comprises a water pump and a water inlet pipe, one end of the water inlet pipe is connected with a water source, the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with a water pump inlet, and a water pump outlet is connected with a water inlet of the migration pipeline through a water injection pipe.
6. The combined contamination heavy metal ion migration test device of claim 1, characterized in that: the support frame is three stands, and both ends are fixed continuous the constitution stable support through last backup pad, bottom suspension fagging respectively about three stands, the migration pipeline has three, and every migration pipeline upper portion links to each other with the stand through a horizontal stand.
7. The combined contamination heavy metal ion migration test device of claim 6, characterized in that: the horizontal support is provided with an XRF soil heavy metal measuring instrument for measuring the concentration of heavy metal ions in the corresponding migration pipeline, and the horizontal support is an annular 8-shaped support capable of moving up and down.
8. The combined contamination heavy metal ion migration test device of claim 1, characterized in that: the loading head is provided with a water permeable hole, the migration pipeline is a transparent pipeline, and the inner wall of the pipeline is provided with a super-hydrophobic coating for preventing water drops from being hung on the wall.
9. The combined contamination heavy metal ion migration test device of claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration measuring instrument is a refractometer sensor.
10. The testing method of the composite contaminated heavy metal ion migration testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 1, assembling a heavy metal ion migration test device, installing a migration pipeline on a lower support plate, and checking the connection tightness between the lower end of the migration pipeline and the lower support plate;
and 2, firstly placing a permeable stone and a filter paper at the bottom in the migration pipeline, then filling the migration pipeline with a soil sample, uniformly paving and compacting the soil sample by using a tool at each section of filling until the required height is reached, and then placing the filter paper and the permeable stone.
Step 3, connecting a water inlet of the migration pipeline with the water supply devices, setting a water source of each water supply device according to test requirements, closing a drain valve of the migration pipeline and a stop valve on a communicating pipe, starting the water supply devices, and injecting initial solutions containing different heavy metal ions into different migration pipelines;
step 4, after the soil sample in the pipeline to be migrated is saturated, opening a stop valve on a corresponding communicating pipe according to experimental needs;
step 5, starting a loading device, and applying pressure to the permeable stone at the upper part in the migration pipeline through a loading head until a set loading force is reached so as to provide additional stress for the soil sample; the water flow sensor records the water amount discharged by the water discharge pipe, the liquid amount of the discharged liquid is read out through the liquid storage chamber, the concentration of heavy metal ions in the corresponding liquid storage chamber is measured through the concentration measuring instrument, and the composite pollution heavy metal ion migration test is completed.
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