CN113087992B - Low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the sheath material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, 35-45 parts of polyethylene, 5-15 parts of compatilizer, 25-40 parts of halogen-free flame retardant, 1-5 parts of antioxidant, 1-5 parts of impact modifier and 3-8 parts of filler. The sheath material prepared by the invention has excellent mechanical property, good machining property and high oxygen index, and simultaneously has small smoke density and no pollution to the environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sheath materials, in particular to a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the wide application of electric wires and cables in various industries and fields, electrical fire frequently occurs, the electric wires and cables can release a large amount of toxic gas and dense smoke even corrosive gas in the burning process, so that obstruction and danger factors are increased for people to rapidly evacuate and extinguish fire when a fire occurs, and great threat is brought to the life safety of people, and besides the problem of flame retardance of the electric wires and cables is valued in various countries in the world, the quality requirement of cable sheath materials is increasingly improved along with the rapid development of communication industries, computer industries and automobile industries.
In recent years, cable materials are developed by numerous domestic enterprises, main materials comprise polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PP), polyamide, fluororesin and the like, wherein the polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) are most widely applied, and the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has certain flame retardance, but can release dense smoke and a large amount of hydrogen chloride in the combustion process, so that the life safety of people is threatened, and the cable materials can corrode buildings or equipment, and are gradually replaced by halogen-free low-smoke polyolefin electric wires and cables, wherein the low-smoke halogen-free polyethylene cable sheath materials are common.
However, most of the low-smoke halogen-free polyethylene cable sheath materials in the prior art have certain disadvantages in processability, electrical properties and mechanical properties due to large amount of inorganic filler, and in addition, due to the addition of the oxygen barrier layer flame retardant material, the oxygen index is more than 45, but the mechanical processability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at some problems in the prior art, the invention provides a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material and a preparation method thereof, and the prepared sheath material has excellent mechanical property and machining property, higher oxygen index and lower smoke density.
The invention provides a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material, which comprises 15-30 parts of ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, 35-45 parts of polyethylene, 5-15 parts of compatilizer, 25-40 parts of halogen-free flame retardant and 1-5 parts of antioxidant in parts by weight; 1-5 parts of impact modifier and 3-8 parts of filler.
As a preferred technical solution, the polyethylene comprises at least one of high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene.
As a preferable technical scheme, the compatilizer is at least one of linear low-density polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride, ethylene-octene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer grafted maleic anhydride.
As a preferable technical scheme, the halogen-free flame retardant comprises ammonium polyphosphate, borax and ammonium bicarbonate, and the weight ratio of the ammonium polyphosphate to the borax to the ammonium bicarbonate is (3-6): (1-3): 1.
as a preferable technical scheme, the antioxidant is at least one selected from antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168, antioxidant CA, antioxidant 164, antioxidant DNP, antioxidant DLTP, antioxidant TNP, antioxidant TPP, antioxidant MB and antioxidant 264.
As a preferred technical solution, the impact modifier comprises at least one of chlorinated polyethylene, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ACR, acrylonitrile-butadiene random copolymer and rigid particles.
As a preferable technical scheme, the filler comprises white carbon black, and the white carbon black is hydrophobic fumed silica.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material, which at least comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, polyethylene, compatilizer, halogen-free flame retardant and antioxidant according to a formula; adding the impact modifier and the filler into a high-speed mixer for mixing to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a pressure internal mixer, and carrying out internal mixing molding to obtain a substance A;
s3, extruding the substance A by a double-stage screw extruder to obtain a substance B;
and S4, adding the substance B into a granulator, granulating into particles, and granulating and air cooling to obtain the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material.
As a preferable technical solution, the mixing time in the step S1 is 5-10 min.
As a preferred technical solution, the double-stage screw machine in the step S3 includes a double-screw extruder and a single-screw extruder, wherein the processing temperature of the double-screw extruder is: the conveying section is 105-115 ℃, the melting section is 125-135 ℃, the mixing section is 145-150 ℃, the exhaust section is 150-160 ℃, the homogenizing section is 150-160 ℃, and the machine head is 165-175 ℃; the temperature of the single screw extruder was: the temperature of the first zone is 125-140 ℃, the temperature of the second zone is 125-140 ℃, the temperature of the third zone is 125-140 ℃, and the temperature of the machine head is 145-150 ℃.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the low-density polyethylene and the linear low-density polyethylene in a specific ratio are added, so that the mechanical strength of the sheath material is improved, the processability is improved, and the cost is reduced;
(2) the adopted halogen-free flame retardant comprises ammonium polyphosphate, borax and ammonium bicarbonate, and the weight ratio of the ammonium polyphosphate to the borax to the ammonium bicarbonate is (3-6): (1-3):1, the heat insulation and oxygen resistance stability and the flame retardant effect of the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material are improved;
(3) the specific surface area is less than 220m 2/ The hydrophobic white carbon black is used as an inorganic filler, so that the influence of external moisture on the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant material can be prevented, the uniform dispersibility of the white carbon black in a system is improved, and the mechanical property of the sheath material is prevented from being reduced due to the generation of stress defects.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further understood by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the examples included therein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. To the extent that a definition of a particular term disclosed in the prior art is inconsistent with any definition provided in the present disclosure, the definition of the term provided in the present disclosure controls.
As used herein, a feature that does not define a singular or plural form is also intended to include a plural form of the feature unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the term "prepared from …," as used herein, is synonymous with "comprising," including, "comprising," "having," "including," and/or "containing," when used in this specification means that the recited composition, step, method, article, or device is present, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other compositions, steps, methods, articles, or devices. Furthermore, the use of "preferred," "preferably," "more preferred," etc., when describing embodiments of the present invention, is meant to refer to embodiments of the invention that may provide certain benefits, under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. In addition, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the invention.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material in a first aspect, which comprises 15-30 parts of ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, 35-45 parts of polyethylene, 5-15 parts of compatilizer, 25-40 parts of halogen-free flame retardant and 1-5 parts of antioxidant by weight; 1-5 parts of impact modifier and 3-8 parts of filler.
In some preferred embodiments, the polyethylene comprises at least one of high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene.
Preferably, the polyethylene comprises a blend of low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene.
Further preferably, the weight ratio of the low density polyethylene to the linear low density polyethylene is (1-3): 1.
more preferably, the weight ratio of the low density polyethylene to the linear low density polyethylene is 2: 1.
in some preferred embodiments, the low density polyethylene has a melt index of 0.25 to 4g/10min and a density of 0.917 to 0.928g/cm 3 。
Preferably, the low-density polyethylene has a melt index of 1.5-2.5 g/10min and a density of 0.919-0.925 g/cm 3 。
More preferably, the low density polyethylene has a melt index of 2.0g/10min and a density of 0.923g/cm 3 。
In some preferred embodiments, the linear low density polyethylene has a melt index of 0.8 to 1.5g/10min and a density of 0.915 to 0.925g/cm 3 。
Preferably, the linear low density polyethylene has a melt index of 1.0g/10min and a density of 0.918g/cm 3 。
In the prior art, polyethylene with a single component is usually selected, and the polyethylene with the single component is relatively single in performance, the polyethylene is mainly blended by low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene, and compared with the single polyethylene, the blending of the low-density polyethylene and the linear low-density polyethylene solves the problem of poor mechanical strength and heat resistance caused by insufficient rigid group chain segments in a high molecular chain.
In addition, the inventors have unexpectedly found that when the weight ratio of the low density polyethylene to the linear low density polyethylene is (1-3):1, the processability is significantly improved, and after careful analysis by the inventors, it is considered that if the content of the low density polyethylene is too high, the low density polyethylene increases molecular chain entanglement due to the presence of long chain branches with an increase in deformation rate during processing, resulting in a rapid increase in viscosity, thereby affecting processability, whereas if the linear low density polyethylene lacks long chain branches, the addition of a certain amount of the linear low density polyethylene reduces the entanglement of side chain molecular chains in the system, thereby inhibiting the rapid increase in viscosity during processing, and improving processability. The amount of linear low density polyethylene is not excessive on the premise of meeting the requirement, otherwise, the cost is increased.
In some preferred embodiments, the compatibilizer is at least one of linear low density polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride, ethylene-octene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer grafted maleic anhydride.
In some preferred embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant comprises ammonium polyphosphate, borax and ammonium bicarbonate, and the weight ratio of the ammonium polyphosphate to the borax to the ammonium bicarbonate is (3-6): (1-3): 1.
preferably, the halogen-free flame retardant comprises ammonium polyphosphate, borax and ammonium bicarbonate, and the weight ratio of the ammonium polyphosphate to the borax to the ammonium bicarbonate is (3.5-4.5): (1.5-2.5): 1.
more preferably, the halogen-free flame retardant comprises ammonium polyphosphate, borax and ammonium bicarbonate, and the weight ratio of the ammonium polyphosphate to the borax to the ammonium bicarbonate is 4: 2: 1.
in the prior art, the halogen-free flame retardant is often a single component and has a general flame retardant effect, and the halogen-free flame retardant comprises a mixture of ammonium polyphosphate, borax and ammonium bicarbonate, particularly the weight ratio of the ammonium polyphosphate, borax and ammonium bicarbonate is (3-6): (1-3):1, the heat insulation and oxygen resistance stability and flame retardant effect of the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material can be improved. The applicant believes that the possible reasons are: the combined water energy contained in borax can absorb a large amount of heat, the heat insulation and oxygen resistance stability of ammonium polyphosphate in the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material is improved, the non-combustible gas generated after ammonium bicarbonate decomposition reduces the oxygen concentration and combustible gas concentration of ammonium polyphosphate, and the oxide generated by decomposition captures free radicals in the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material, so that the combustion of the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material is inhibited, and the flame retardant effect is improved.
In some preferred embodiments, the antioxidant is selected from at least one of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168, antioxidant CA, antioxidant 164, antioxidant DNP, antioxidant DLTP, antioxidant TNP, antioxidant TPP, antioxidant MB, antioxidant 264.
In some preferred embodiments, the impact modifier comprises at least one of chlorinated polyethylene, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ACR, acrylonitrile and butadiene random copolymer, and rigid particles.
In some preferred embodiments, the filler comprises white carbon black, which is a hydrophobic fumed silica.
Preferably, the specific surface area of the white carbon black is less than 220m 2 /g。
More preferably, the specific surface area of the white carbon black is less than 180m 2 /g。
In the prior art, kaolin is usually added as a filler, but the dispersibility of the kaolin is not good; the filler of the invention is preferably white carbon black, and more preferably, the white carbon black is hydrophobic white carbon black which can prevent external moisture from influencing the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant material. In addition, the Applicant has surprisingly found that when the specific surface area of the hydrophobic silica is less than 180m 2 During the processing, the dispersion uniformity of the hydrophobic white carbon black in the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material can be improved, and if the specific surface area of the hydrophobic white carbon black is too large, hydrophobic white carbon black particles are easily adsorbed together, so that the hydrophobic white carbon black is agglomerated, the uniform dispersibility of the hydrophobic white carbon black in the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material is influenced, the stress defect of the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material is possibly caused, and the mechanical property is reduced.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material, which at least comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, polyethylene, compatilizer, halogen-free flame retardant and antioxidant according to a formula; adding the impact modifier and the filler into a high-speed mixer for mixing to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a pressure internal mixer, and carrying out internal mixing molding to obtain a substance A;
s3, extruding the substance A by a double-stage screw extruder to obtain a substance B;
and S4, adding the substance B into a granulator, granulating into particles, and granulating and air cooling to obtain the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material.
In some preferred embodiments, the mixing time in step S1 is 5-10 min.
In some preferred embodiments, the double-stage screw machine in step S3 includes a twin-screw extruder and a single-screw extruder, wherein the processing temperature of the twin-screw extruder is: the conveying section is 105-115 ℃, the melting section is 125-135 ℃, the mixing section is 145-150 ℃, the exhaust section is 150-160 ℃, the homogenizing section is 150-160 ℃, and the machine head is 165-175 ℃; the temperature of the single screw extruder was: the temperature of the first zone is 125-140 ℃, the temperature of the second zone is 125-140 ℃, the temperature of the third zone is 125-140 ℃, and the temperature of the machine head is 145-150 ℃.
Examples
In order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are still within the scope of the present invention. In addition, the starting materials used are all commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material, which comprises 20 parts by weight of ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, 24 parts by weight of low-density polyethylene, 12 parts by weight of linear low-density polyethylene, 8 parts by weight of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer grafted maleic anhydride, 16 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 8 parts by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate and 1643 parts by weight of antioxidant; 2 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and 3 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica.
Wherein the ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer is purchased from Sumitomo chemical under the designation SWA 330;
the low density polyethylene is purchased from ExxonMobil chemical industry and is of the type ExxonMobil TM LDPE LD 105Series with melt index of 2.0g/10min and density of 0.923g/cm 3 (ii) a The linear low density polyethylene is purchased from ExxonMobil chemical industry and is of the type ExxonMobil TM LLDPE LL 1001BT with a melt index of 1.0g/10min and a density of 0.918g/cm 3 ；
The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer grafted maleic anhydride was purchased under the 18211 designation from arkema, france;
the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer is purchased from Shanghai Fuchen plastic raw material Co., Ltd, and the model is GP-2106F;
the hydrophobic fumed silica is purchased from Soidenese, and has a model of R974 and a specific surface area of 170 +/-20 m 2 (ii) in terms of/g. Another aspect of this embodiment provides a preparation method of a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material, including the following steps:
s1, grafting maleic anhydride, ammonium polyphosphate, borax, ammonium bicarbonate and antioxidant 164 to the ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer according to the proportion; adding acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and hydrophobic fumed silica into a high-speed mixer, and mixing for 9min to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a pressure internal mixer, and carrying out internal mixing molding at 160 ℃ for 15min to obtain a substance A;
s3, extruding the substance A by a double-stage screw extruder to obtain a substance B;
and S4, adding the substance B into a granulator, granulating into particles, and granulating and air cooling to obtain the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material.
Wherein the processing temperature of the double-screw extruder is as follows: the conveying section is 110 ℃, the melting section is 130 ℃, the mixing section is 148 ℃, the exhaust section is 155 ℃, the homogenizing section is 155 ℃, and the machine head is 170 ℃; the temperature of the single screw extruder was: the first zone was 135 ℃, the second zone 135 ℃, the third zone 135 ℃, the head 148 ℃.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material, which comprises, by weight, 18 parts of an ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, 26 parts of low-density polyethylene, 13 parts of linear low-density polyethylene, 7 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer grafted maleic anhydride, 16 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 8 parts of borax, 4 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 1683 parts of an antioxidant; 3 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and 6 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica.
Wherein the ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer is purchased from Sumitomo chemical under the designation SWA 330;
the low density polyethylene is purchased from ExxonMobil chemical engineering and is of a model of ExxonMobil TM LDPE LD 105Series with melt index of 2.0g/10min and density of 0.923g/cm 3 (ii) a The linear low density polyethylene is purchased from ExxonMobil chemical industry and is of the type ExxonMobil TM LLDPE LL 1001BT wherein the melt index is 1.0g/10min and the density is 0.918g/cm 3 ；
The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer grafted maleic anhydride was purchased under the 18211 designation from arkema, france;
the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer is purchased from Shanghai Fuchen plastic raw material company Limited and has the model number of GP-2106F;
the hydrophobic fumed silica is purchased from Soidesosal, the model is R974, and the specific surface area is 170 +/-20 m 2 (ii) in terms of/g. Another aspect of this embodiment provides a preparation method of a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material, including the following steps:
s1, grafting maleic anhydride, ammonium polyphosphate, borax, ammonium bicarbonate and antioxidant 164 to the ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer according to the proportion; adding acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and hydrophobic fumed silica into a high-speed mixer, and mixing for 8min to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a pressure internal mixer, and carrying out internal mixing molding at 155 ℃ for 18min to obtain a substance A;
s3, extruding the substance A by a double-stage screw extruder to obtain a substance B;
and S4, adding the substance B into a granulator, granulating into particles, and granulating and air cooling to obtain the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material.
Wherein the processing temperature of the double-screw extruder is as follows: a conveying section of 112 ℃, a melting section of 128 ℃, a mixing section of 146 ℃, an exhaust section of 154 ℃, a homogenizing section of 154 ℃ and a machine head of 168 ℃; the temperature of the single screw extruder was: a first zone of 133 deg.c, a second zone of 133 deg.c, a third zone of 133 deg.c, a head of 148 deg.c.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment is the same as that in example 1, and the difference between the embodiment and example 1 is that the weight ratio of the low-density polyethylene to the linear low-density polyethylene is 0.8: 1.
comparative example 2
The embodiment is the same as example 1, and the difference from example 1 is that the weight ratio of the low-density polyethylene to the linear low-density polyethylene is 3.5: 1.
comparative example 3
The embodiment is the same as example 1, and the difference from example 1 is that the weight ratio of ammonium polyphosphate, borax and ammonium bicarbonate is 2: 4: 1.
comparative example 4
The specific implementation mode of the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material is the same as that of example 1, and the difference from example 1 is that the halogen-free flame retardant does not contain ammonium polyphosphate.
Comparative example 5
The specific implementation mode of the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material is the same as that of example 1, and the difference from example 1 is that the hydrophobic fumed silica is replaced by kaolin.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example provides a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material and a preparation method thereof, the specific implementation mode is the same as that of example 1, and the difference from example 1 is that the surface area of the hydrophobic fumed silica is 240 +/-10 m 2 /g。
Performance testing
The following performance tests were performed on the low smoke, halogen-free, flame retardant sheathing materials prepared in examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-6:
1. oxygen index: testing according to national standard GB 406-80;
2. elongation strength: testing according to national standard GB/T528;
3. elongation at break: testing according to national standard GB/T528;
4. smoke density: the test was carried out according to the national standard GB/T8627-2007.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Finally, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material is characterized by comprising, by weight, 15-30 parts of an ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, 35-45 parts of polyethylene, 5-15 parts of a compatilizer, 25-40 parts of a halogen-free flame retardant, 1-5 parts of an antioxidant, 1-5 parts of an impact modifier and 3-8 parts of a filler;
the polyethylene comprises a blend of low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene;
the weight ratio of the low-density polyethylene to the linear low-density polyethylene is (1-3): 1;
the low-density polyethylene has a melt index of 0.25 to 4g/10min and a density of 0.917 to 0.928g/cm 3 ；
The filler comprises white carbon black which is hydrophobic fumed silica;
the specific surface area of the white carbon black is less than 180m 2 /g；
The halogen-free flame retardant comprises ammonium polyphosphate, borax and ammonium bicarbonate, and the weight ratio of the ammonium polyphosphate to the borax to the ammonium bicarbonate is (3-6): (1-3): 1.
2. the sheath material of claim 1, wherein the compatibilizer is at least one of linear low density polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride, ethylene-octene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer grafted maleic anhydride.
3. The low-smoke zero-halogen flame-retardant sheath material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is at least one selected from antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168, antioxidant CA, antioxidant 164, antioxidant DNP, antioxidant DLTP, antioxidant TNP, antioxidant TPP, antioxidant MB, and antioxidant 264.
4. The sheath material of claim 1, wherein the impact modifier comprises at least one of chlorinated polyethylene, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ACR, acrylonitrile-butadiene random copolymer and rigid particles.
5. A preparation method of the low-smoke zero-halogen flame-retardant sheath material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing the ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, polyethylene, compatilizer, halogen-free flame retardant and antioxidant according to a formula; adding the impact modifier and the filler into a high-speed mixer for mixing to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a pressure internal mixer, and carrying out internal mixing molding to obtain a substance A;
s3, extruding the substance A by a double-stage screw extruder to obtain a substance B;
and S4, adding the substance B into a granulator, granulating into particles, and granulating and air cooling to obtain the low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant sheath material.
6. The preparation method of the low-smoke zero-halogen flame-retardant sheath material according to claim 5, wherein the mixing time in the step S1 is 5-10 min.
7. The preparation method of the low-smoke zero-halogen flame-retardant sheath material according to claim 6, wherein the double-stage screw machine in the step S3 comprises a double-screw extruder and a single-screw extruder, wherein the processing temperature of the double-screw extruder is as follows: the conveying section is 105-115 ℃, the melting section is 125-135 ℃, the mixing section is 145-150 ℃, the exhaust section is 150-160 ℃, the homogenizing section is 150-160 ℃, and the machine head is 165-175 ℃; the temperature of the single screw extruder was: the temperature of the first zone is 125-140 ℃, the temperature of the second zone is 125-140 ℃, the temperature of the third zone is 125-140 ℃, and the temperature of the machine head is 145-150 ℃.
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