CN113080120A

CN113080120A - Method for breeding crayfish after composting, fermenting and returning rice straw to field

Info

Publication number: CN113080120A
Application number: CN202110568849.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 顾俊荣; 董明辉; 宋学宏; 宋云生; 陈培峰; 宋英; 庄黎萍; 徐喆; 王冬明
Original assignee: Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2021-05-25
Filing date: 2021-05-25
Publication date: 2021-07-09

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for breeding crayfishes after composting, fermenting and returning rice straws to the field, and belongs to the technical field of crayfish breeding. The method specifically comprises the following steps: crushing rice straws, adding an organic material leavening agent, piling the rice straws into piles, and continuously performing composting fermentation for 60-80 days to obtain compost fermented rice straws; putting the crayfish into a crayfish breeding field; planting the waterweeds in the crayfish breeding field; putting the young crayfish in the crayfish breeding field planted with the waterweed, and fishing the young crayfish for 50 to 60 days. According to the invention, the rice straw compost is fermented and returned to the field for crayfish cultivation, so that the purpose of improving the crayfish cultivation yield while fully utilizing the crop straw is achieved.

Description

Method for breeding crayfish after composting, fermenting and returning rice straw to field

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crayfish breeding, in particular to a method for breeding crayfish after composting, fermenting and returning rice straws to field.

Background

Currently, the method for preventing straw burning and encouraging straw returning to fields, protects the environment and develops ecological agriculture becomes a main development direction. The straw returning field has the effects of increasing soil organic matters, humic acid, mineral substances and the like, can promote the propagation of soil microorganisms and the formation of soil granular structures, improves the soil fertility, improves the crop nutrition conditions, promotes the crop growth and improves the soil utilization rate. However, the direct returning of the straws to the field causes the problems of imbalance of carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil, accumulation of organic acid, difficulty in farming and sowing, insufficient growth of new seedlings and the like. The straw compost is prepared by changing crop straws into high-quality organic fertilizers, so that the problem of agricultural waste straws is solved, the high-quality organic fertilizers can be produced, the soil is improved, the soil fertility is improved, and the ecological environment is protected. However, the rice straw compost has the following problems: straws such as rice and the like have wax layers, so that the straws are difficult to absorb water, the water absorption of the compost is not uniform, the fermentation is not thorough, and the composting effect is poor. And a large amount of organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and the like are also needed to be added. Frequent pile turning results in high workload. The straw composting technology is complex to operate, large in labor amount and poor in composting effect, and is difficult to popularize in a large area in rural areas.

Crayfish, also called procambarus clarkii, is a table food which is very popular with Chinese people, and as crayfish has strong production capacity, higher nutritional value and delicious taste and is popular with the market, a plurality of people gradually start to breed the crayfish, the crayfish has stronger adaptability to the environment, can grow in various water bodies such as lakes, ponds, river ditches, rice fields and the like, has sufficient water source, the water depth is about 1 meter, the pond needs sufficient water source, the water quality is good, and the water inlet and the water drainage are convenient. The existing traditional crayfish breeding method is easy to get ill and die, low in yield, free of guarantee, time-consuming and labor-consuming, and incapable of manually controlling the habit of mutual attack in the shelling period, and due to the fact that crayfish like to make holes, the dam is strong in destructiveness, and the habit causes that crayfish needs grass planting in the shelling period in a concealed mode, but the grass also causes imbalance of microorganisms in water ecology while absorbing fertilizer substances, so that the crayfish breeding method is provided to solve the problem.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for breeding crayfishes after composting, fermenting and returning rice straws to the field. The rice straw compost is fermented and returned to the field for crayfish cultivation, so that the purpose of improving the crayfish cultivation yield while fully utilizing crop straws is achieved.

The invention provides a method for breeding crayfish after composting, fermenting and returning rice straw to field, which comprises the following steps:

straw compost fermentation treatment: crushing rice straws, adding an organic material leavening agent, piling the rice straws into piles, and continuously performing composting fermentation for 60-80 days to obtain compost fermented rice straws;

putting: composting fermented rice straw is put into a crayfish breeding field;

planting aquatic weeds: planting the waterweeds in the crayfish breeding field;

crayfish breeding: putting the young crayfish in the crayfish breeding field planted with the waterweed, and fishing the young crayfish for 50 to 60 days.

Further, in the straw compost fermentation treatment step: the water content of the rice straw is 55-65%, the crushing size is 3-5cm, the organic material leavening agent is humic bacteria, and the rice straw is fermented by 5-10m per 1kg of the organic material leavening agent³。

Further, the humic bacteria comprise lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus delbrueckii, and the total viable bacteria content is more than or equal to 1 hundred million/g.

Further, in the straw compost fermentation treatment step: the stacking height of the stacked pile is 1.2-1.5 m; adjusting the water content to 50-60% before continuous composting fermentation;

the continuous composting fermentation specifically comprises: heating the central temperature to above 55 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 5-7 days, turning, heating the material central temperature to above 55 deg.C again, keeping the temperature for 5-7 days, turning, and repeating the above steps until the rice straw is loose, dark brown, uniform in color, and fermented or accompanied by ammonia smell.

Further, in the step of releasing: the amount of the compost fermented rice straw is 200 and 250 kg/mu;

in the aquatic plant planting step: the planting amount of the waterweeds is 1/2 per mu, and the planting time is 7-10 days after the full amount of the rice straw compost is returned to the field, rotary tillage and water feeding.

Further, in the crayfish breeding step: the shrimp seedling specification is 180 plus 200 tails/kg, the feeding density is 0.5 ten thousand tails/667 m²The feeding time is 3 months or 4 months, the protein content in the fed feed is 28% -32%, the feed is fed for 1-2 times every day, the early evening feeding is taken as the main time, and the early evening feeding amount is more than 65-75% of the daily feeding amount.

Furthermore, after the fishing is finished, a rice planting step is also included.

Further, the rice is Suxiangjing 100 or Nanjing 46; the rice is transplanted in 6 middle ten days of the month, and the density is 1.85 ten thousand holes per mu.

Further, fertilizing amount in the rice planting step:

nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen generated after straw compost is contained, and the total nitrogen application amount is 240kg/hm²The fertilizer is applied according to the mass ratio of base fertilizer to tillering fertilizer to spike fertilizer being 3:3: 4;

and (3) potassium fertilizer: general application K₂Amount of O, 180kg/hm²The fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one time;

phosphate fertilizer: general application of P₂O₅Is 90kg/hm²The fertilizer is applied according to the mass ratio of the base fertilizer to the ear fertilizer of 6: 4.

Further, in the nitrogen fertilizer: applying a base fertilizer 1-2 days before transplanting, and using a compound fertilizer and urea in combination with an organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer accounts for 25% of the mass fraction; the tillering fertilizer is applied twice in 7 days and 14 days after transplanting respectively according to the mass ratio of 5: 5; the spike fertilizer is applied twice when 4 leaves are poured and 2 leaves are poured according to the mass ratio of 7: 3.

Further, the method also comprises a step of preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds, and specifically comprises the following steps:

trapping or interfering mating of pests by using a sex attractant; every 200m ²1 sex trappers are inserted and arranged in a connecting piece, the trapping cores are changed for 1 time every 15 days, and the trappers are 1m or so away from the ground;

trapping and killing migratory insects by using a frequency oscillation type insecticidal lamp; per 20X 667m ²1 frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp is equipped.

100g/667m of bacillus thuringiensis in 32000IU/mg wettable powder²For preventing and controlling cnaphalocrocis medinalis, 20g/667m of 75% tricyclazole is used²Adding 50g/667m of validamia glauca and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora suspending agent²Preventing and treating rice blast, false smut and sheath blight;

wherein in validamia cerealis: the validamycin mass concentration is 2%, and the bacillus cereus concentration is 800000 IU/mg.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the compost fermentation has a strong fermentation and decomposition effect, rich metabolites are generated in the fermentation process, the nutrition and functionality of materials can be greatly improved, and the improvement of organic matters and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil is facilitated; according to the technical scheme, the high-temperature fermentation lasts for a long time (more than one week at 55-65 ℃), heat is generated to kill harmful bacteria, insects and ova, the effects of removing antibiotics and heavy metals are achieved, the materials are harmless, the humification and mineralization of the materials are promoted, the materials are transformed and decomposed by microorganisms, organic matter nutrients are changed into an effective state and a quick-acting state from an ineffective state and a slow-acting state, meanwhile, fulvic acid, ulmic acid, organic acid and rich metabolites are generated in the humification process, the soil can be repaired, the soil granular structure can be improved, and the effects of obviously preventing and treating various continuous cropping obstacles and plant diseases and insect pests are achieved; according to the invention, the rice straws after composting and fermentation are returned to the field for crayfish cultivation, so that the technical effects of improving the survival rate of crayfish, the body length and the weight growth amount can be achieved.

In a further technical scheme, after the crayfish is fished, the method also comprises a rice planting step, so that resources can be fully utilized, and the benefit is maximized.

Experiments prove that the crayfish breeding technical scheme of the invention can achieve the crayfish yield of 100 plus 120kg/667m²The yield per mu of the rice is as high as 623.8 kg. Simultaneously, the pollution of soil and water quality can not be caused, and the ecology of crops is realizedAnd (5) cultivating.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a soil sample sampling site according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

Example 1

Cutting rice straw into 3-5cm pieces, and keeping the water content of the straw at about 60% per 10m³Adding 1kg of humic bacteria (produced by Wuxi Sanzhi Biotechnology Limited company: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, viable bacteria content 1 hundred million per gram), adjusting water content to 55%, mixing uniformly, piling up (pile height 1.4m), continuously composting and fermenting, monitoring temperature in the pile, raising temperature to above 70 ℃, keeping temperature for 2 days, turning over the pile, raising temperature of the material to above 70 ℃ again, keeping temperature for 2 days again, turning over the pile, repeating the above processes until fermentation time reaches 65 days, the rice straw is loose, dark brown, uniform in color, fermented, and fermented. Through tests, the mass of the straw before composting is 418.25kg, and the mass of the straw after composting is 272.15 kg.

Example 2

The same as example 1, except that the amount of the organic solvent is 5m³Adding 1kg of humic bacteria (produced by Wuxi Sanzhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, viable bacteria content 1 hundred million per gram). Through tests, the mass of the straw before composting is 436.55kg, and the mass of the straw after composting is 236.48 kg.

Effect verification example:

selecting rice and shrimp in a normally mature base to be planted in a field, wherein each field is 1.5 mu, and each field is 4 blocks, and marking the field with a number of 1-4; the following tests were carried out:

(1) returning rice straws to the field according to the content in the table 1;

TABLE 1

(2) After returning the total amount of straw compost to the field and rotary tillage, watering for 8 days, planting the waterweeds in the crayfish breeding field, wherein the acre proportion of the waterweeds is 1/2, and providing a habitat and a bait source for the crayfish; putting 200 shrimp fries/kg at the end of 3 months, wherein the stocking density is 0.5 ten thousand fries/667 m²The conventional culture is carried out, the feed mainly comprises feed special for feeding shrimps in a rice field, the protein content of the feed is 28-32 percent, and the specific feeding amount is determined according to the field storage amount, weather and the like of the shrimps,The water quality and the like can be flexibly mastered (all verification examples are the same), the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the feeding is mainly carried out in the evening, the feeding is carried out for 70 percent, and the feeding is carried out for 30 percent in the morning. Counting the survival rate of the crayfishes in the breeding process, wherein the result is shown in a table 2; after 55 days of cultivation, the crayfishes are caught and the following contents are counted: the body length and weight of the crayfishes in the field No. 1-4, the growth proportion of the moss, the soil condition and the water quality in the test area are counted, and the results are shown in tables 3-6.

Wherein the soil sampling time is as follows: after the lobsters are harvested, in the soil sample collection process, soil drills are used for selecting 5 points in the field to collect soil samples and mixing the soil samples (5-point sampling method), and the distribution of sampling points is shown in figure 1.

(3) After the crayfish is fished, planting the Suxiangjing 100 rice, and specifically comprising the following steps:

seedling culture in 5 months, transplanting in 6 middle ten days of the month, wherein the density is 1.85 ten thousand holes per mu, and the fertilizing amount in the planting process is controlled as follows:

nitrogenous fertilizer: nitrogen generated after straw-containing compost, the total nitrogen application amount is 240kg/hm²The mass ratio of the base fertilizer: and (3) fertilizing the tillers: applying spike fertilizer in a ratio of 3:3: 4;

phosphate fertilizer: general application of P₂O₅Is 90kg/hm²The fertilizer is applied according to the mass ratio of 6:4 of base fertilizer to spike fertilizer;

the base fertilizer is applied 2 days before transplanting, and a Kekefeng compound fertilizer (N: P) is adopted₂O₅：K₂O is 15: 15: 15) the Xinlianxin urea (the nitrogen content is 46.4%) is matched with the organic fertilizer (total nutrient: 5% and 45% of organic matter), wherein 25% of the organic fertilizer is used; the tillering fertilizer is applied twice in 7 days and 14 days after transplantation respectively according to the mass ratio of 5: 5; the panicle fertilizer is applied twice when pouring 4 leaves and 2 leaves according to the mass ratio of 7: 3.

During the period, the following diseases, insect pests and weeds are prevented and controlled:

trapping or interfering mating of pests by using a sex attractant: every 200m ²1 sexual trapper is inserted and connected with the piece, the trapping core is changed for 1 time every 15 days, and the trapper is 1m away from the ground.

Insect killing lamp using frequency vibrationLuring and killing migrating pests such as snout moth's larva, rice planthopper and the like: per 20X 667m ²1 frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp is equipped.

And (3) biological pesticide control: 100g/667m of bacillus thuringiensis in 32000IU/mg wettable powder²For preventing and controlling cnaphalocrocis medinalis, 20g/667m of 75% tricyclazole is used²Adding 50g/667m of validamycin A (validamycin 2% and 800000IU/mg of waxy bacillus) suspending agent²Preventing and treating rice blast, false smut, sheath blight, etc.

The rice yields of the rice fields 1-4 were counted, and the results are shown in Table 7.

TABLE 2 survival rate of crayfish during cultivation

No. 1 field	Field	2	No. 3 field	Field	4
						70.28％	80.28％	83.28％	75.28％

As can be seen from Table 2, the straw returned to the field after composting and fermentation in examples 1 and 2 is helpful for improving the survival rate of crayfish.

TABLE 3 crayfish length, weight and yield

	No. 1 field	Field	2	No. 3 field	Field	4
							Average body length, cm	6.53	6.98	7.10	6.87
Average weight, g	9.83	11.68	12.32	10.92
					Total yield, kg/mu	120.18	132.35	138.62	128.62

As can be seen from the data in Table 3, compared with the conventional cultivation, the straw returned to the field after composting and fermentation in examples 1 and 2 is helpful for improving the yield and the quality of crayfish.

TABLE 4 proportion of moss growth in field

No. 1 field	Field	2	No. 3 field	Field	4
						25.0％	1.8％	0.9％	9.8％

As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the returning of the straws fermented by the composts of examples 1 and 2 is helpful for inhibiting the growth of moss in the field, so that the nutrient supply in the field is sufficient, and the growth of crayfish is promoted.

TABLE 5 soil conditions in the field

Item

Standard of merit

Unit of

No. 1 field

Field

2

No. 3 field

Field

4

pH value

HJ 962-2018

Dimensionless

7.19

7.27

7.35

6.69

Total phosphorus

HJ 632-2011

mg/kg

1190

713

588

1060

Total nitrogen

HJ 717-2014

mg/kg

2.07×10³

1.86×10³

1.93×10³

2.01×10³

Available phosphorus

HJ 704-2014

mg/kg

25.3

21.8

19.7

24.4

Ammonia nitrogen

HJ 634-2012

mg/kg

2.79

3.39

3.41

3.08

Total potassium

NY/T 87-1988

mg/kg

1.79×10⁴

1.78×10⁴

1.74×10⁴

1.82×10⁴

Quick-acting potassium

NY/T 889-2004

mg/kg

225

188

170

213

From table 5 it can be derived: the total amount of the composted rice straws is returned to the field, so that the phosphorus and potassium content in the soil of the rice field is reduced.

TABLE 6 Water quality in the test area

TABLE 7 Rice yields

No. 1 field	Field	2	No. 3 field	Field	4
						578.5 kg/mu	618.5 kg/mu	623.8 kg/mu	598.2 kg/mu

As can be seen from tables 6 and 7, the cultivation of crayfish after composting and fermentation in examples 1 and 2 is performed after returning the straw to the field, and then rice planting is performed, so that the rice yield can be increased, because the straw can be completely decomposed after composting the straw and returned to the field, the straw fertility is released, the soil and water quality are improved, and the cultivation method is suitable for the propagation and growth of crayfish, weeds, benthos, plankton and the like in the rice field, but wastes are not only waste but also fertilizer for rice. The crayfish as the omnivorous shrimp can utilize the organisms as the bait to promote the growth of the crayfish and eliminate the object of fertilizer competition, and the excrement of the crayfish provides high-quality fertilizer for the rice, so that the crayfish inhabits in the field, moves about to find food and loosens the soil, thereby effectively improving the ventilation condition of the soil, accelerating the decomposition of the fertilizer and promoting the growth of the rice, thereby improving the yield.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A method for breeding crayfishes after rice straw compost is fermented and returned to the field is characterized by comprising the following steps:

putting: composting fermented rice straw is put into a crayfish breeding field;

planting aquatic weeds: planting the waterweeds in the crayfish breeding field;

2. The method for breeding crayfishes after fermentation and returning of rice straw compost to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the straw compost fermentation treatment step: the water content of the rice straw is 55-65%, the straw crushing size is 3-5cm, the organic material leavening agent is humic bacteria, and the rice straw is fermented by 5-10m per 1kg of the organic material leavening agent³。

3. The method for breeding crayfishes after fermentation and returning of rice straw compost to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the straw compost fermentation treatment step: the stacking height of the stacked pile is 1.2-1.5 m; adjusting the water content to 50-60% before continuous composting fermentation;

4. The method for cultivating crayfish after composting, fermenting and returning rice straw to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding step comprises: the amount of the compost fermented rice straw is 200 and 250 kg/mu;

5. The method for breeding crayfishes after composting, fermenting and returning rice straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crayfishes are bred by: the shrimp seedling specification is 180 plus 200 tails/kg, the feeding density is 0.5 ten thousand tails/667 m²The feeding time is 3 months or 4 months, the protein content in the fed feed is 28% -32%, the feed is fed for 1-2 times every day, the early evening feeding is taken as the main time, and the early evening feeding amount is more than 65-75% of the daily feeding amount.

6. The method for cultivating crayfish after composting and returning rice straw to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises a rice planting step after the fishing is completed.

7. The method for cultivating crayfish after composting and returning rice straw to field as claimed in claim 6, wherein the rice is Suxiangjing 100 or Nanjing 46; the rice is transplanted in 6 middle ten days of the month, and the density is 1.85 ten thousand holes per mu.

8. The method for cultivating crayfish after composting and returning rice straw to field as claimed in claim 6, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied in the rice planting step is as follows:

nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen generated after straw compost is contained, and the total nitrogen application amount is 240kg/hm²The mass ratio of the base fertilizer: the tillering fertilizer is applied in a ratio of spike fertilizer to 3:3: 4;

and (3) potassium fertilizer: general application K₂The O content is 180kg/hm²The fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one time;

9. The method for breeding crayfish after composting and returning rice straw to field as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the nitrogen fertilizer: applying a base fertilizer 1-2 days before transplanting, and applying a compound fertilizer, urea and an organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer accounts for 25% of the mass fraction; the tillering fertilizer is applied twice in 7 days and 14 days after transplanting respectively according to the mass ratio of 5: 5; the spike fertilizer is applied twice when 4 leaves are poured and 2 leaves are poured according to the mass ratio of 7: 3.

10. The method for breeding the crayfishes after the rice straw compost is fermented and returned to the field as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized by further comprising the steps of preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds, and specifically comprising the following steps:

trapping or interfering mating of pests by using a sex attractant;

trapping and killing migratory insects by using a frequency oscillation type insecticidal lamp;