CN113058600A - 一种氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法 - Google Patents
一种氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940079101 sodium sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- ZGHLCBJZQLNUAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[S-2] ZGHLCBJZQLNUAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940048181 sodium sulfide nonahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- WMDLZMCDBSJMTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;sulfanide;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[SH-] WMDLZMCDBSJMTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 4
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氧化铜‑氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法,是以硫酸铜、硫化钠和氢氧化钠为原料,采用简单一锅水热法制备技术,利用共沉淀反应和复合物内部氧化还原反应一锅法制备出氧化铜‑氧化亚铜纳米复合物。本发明具有工艺简单、无需分步处理、无副反应、产物成分可控、产品纯度高、原料易得等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米材料的制备方法,具体涉及一种氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法。
背景技术
氧化亚铜是一种典型的p型半导体光催化材料,直接带隙约为2.0-2.2eV,可被可见光激发。因此,其在可见光催化降解有机污染物、光解水产氢、一氧化碳催化氧化等方面有较大的应用前景。但是由于单一的窄带隙氧化亚铜,其光生电子与空穴容易快速复合,降低了氧化亚铜的光催化效率。虽然单一的氧化亚铜作为光催化剂仍然难以满足实际应用的要求,但氧化亚铜与其他半导体复合被认为是一种能够解决单一氧化亚铜诸多不足的有效方法。在不同类型的氧化亚铜复合物中,氧化亚铜与氧化铜的复合是元素组成最为简单的复合物。
现有技术中,可以通过对预先合成的氧化亚铜进行氧化得到氧化铜/氧化亚铜复合物,比如先合成出氧化亚铜,再将氧化亚铜部分氧化。现有的这种两步法,虽然可以制备出氧化铜/氧化亚铜复合物,但是氧化反应通常较为剧烈,无法定量控制复合物中各成分的含量,无法得到确定组成的氧化铜/氧化亚铜复合物。
为此,有必要针对上述问题,提出一种氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种工艺简单、原料易得、反应可控的氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法,包括如下步骤:
a、将硫酸铜溶解在蒸馏水中,得到铜盐溶液A;
b、按摩尔比1:16将硫化钠和氢氧化钠溶解在蒸馏水中,得到混合溶液B;
c、按照硫酸铜和硫化钠的摩尔比为8:(1-x),其中0<x<1,在室温下将铜盐溶液A和混合溶液B充分混合,发生如(1)式所示的共沉淀反应;然后将混合物转移至对位聚苯材质的水热反应釜内胆中,密封水热反应釜后,将其放入加热设备中进行水热反应,如式(2)所示;反应完成后,自然冷却,离心分离,洗涤、干燥,得到氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物产品。
所述铜盐溶液A中铜离子的浓度为0.32mol/L。
所述混合溶液B中硫离子的浓度为(0.04-0.04x)mol/L,氢氧离子的浓度为(0.64-0.64x)mol/L,其中0<x<1。
所述水热反应的温度为250℃,时间为6小时。
所述洗涤是先用蒸馏水对产物洗涤2次,再用无水乙醇对产物洗涤1次。
所述干燥是在85℃下真空干燥1小时。
本发明的有益效果体现在:
1、采用简单一锅水热法制备技术,利用共沉淀反应和复合物内部氧化还原反应一锅法制备出氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物,无需分步处理,操作简单;
2、使用硫酸铜、硫化钠和氢氧化钠为原材料,无需另外加入还原剂,原料简单易得,无污染;
3、反应定量进行,无副反应、产品纯度高;
4、通过控制原料硫化钠加入量,可以制备出不同氧化亚铜含量的氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物,产物成分可控。
附图说明
图1为实施例1-4制备的氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的XRD图;
图2为实施例4制备的氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的TEM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。以下内容仅仅是对本发明的构思所做的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施案例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式代替,只要不偏离发明的构思或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
将硫酸铜溶解在蒸馏水中,得到0.32mol/L铜盐溶液A;按摩尔比1:16将九水合硫化钠和氢氧化钠溶解在蒸馏水中,得到混合溶液B,其中硫离子的浓度为0.03mol/L、氢氧根离子浓度为0.48mol/L。在室温下将20mL铜盐溶液A和20mL混合溶液B充分混合后,将混合物转移至50mL对位聚苯材质的水热反应釜内胆中,密封反应釜后放入电热加热箱中,在250℃下保温反应6小时。反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,离心分离,先用蒸馏水洗涤产物2次,再用无水乙醇洗涤产物1次,最后在85℃下真空干燥1小时,得到氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物产品。
实施例2
将硫酸铜溶解在蒸馏水中得到0.32mol/L铜盐溶液A;按摩尔比1:16将九水合硫化钠和氢氧化钠溶解在蒸馏水中,得到混合溶液B,其中硫离子的浓度为0.027mol/L、氢氧根离子浓度为0.432mol/L。在室温下将20mL铜盐溶液A和20mL混合溶液B充分混合后,将混合物转移至50mL对位聚苯材质的水热反应釜内胆中,密封反应釜后放入电热加热箱中,在250℃下保温反应6小时。反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,离心分离,先用蒸馏水洗涤产物2次,再用无水乙醇洗涤产物1次,最后在85℃下真空干燥1小时,得到氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物产品。
实施例3
将硫酸铜溶解在蒸馏水中,得到0.32mol/L铜盐溶液A;按摩尔比1:16将九水合硫化钠和氢氧化钠溶解在蒸馏水中,得到混合溶液B,其中硫离子的浓度为0.023mol/L、氢氧根离子浓度为0.368mol/L。在室温下将20mL铜盐溶液A和20mL混合溶液B充分混合后,将混合物转移至50mL对位聚苯材质的水热反应釜内胆中,密封反应釜后放入电热加热箱中,在250℃下保温反应6小时。反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,离心分离,先用蒸馏水洗涤产物2次,再用无水乙醇洗涤产物1次,最后在85℃下真空干燥1小时,得到氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物产品。
实施例4
将硫酸铜溶解在蒸馏水中,得到0.32mol/L铜盐溶液A;按摩尔比1:16将九水合硫化钠和氢氧化钠溶解在蒸馏水中得到混合溶液B,其中硫离子的浓度为0.02mol/L、氢氧根离子浓度为0.32mol/L。在室温下将20mL铜盐溶液A和20mL混合溶液B充分混合后,将混合物转移至50mL对位聚苯材质的水热反应釜内胆中,密封反应釜后放入电热加热箱中,在250℃下保温反应6小时。反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,离心分离,先用蒸馏水洗涤产物2次,再用无水乙醇洗涤产物1次,最后在85℃下真空干燥1小时,得到氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物产品。
对实施例1-4制得的Cu2O-Cu2S纳米复合物进行X-射线衍射分析(XRD),结果见图1。从图1可以看出,实施例1-4制得的4个样品中都出现了归属于Cu2O(PDF#65-3288)的特征衍射峰。此外,除Cu2O特征衍射峰外,XRD图谱中还出现了CuO(PDF#05-0661)的特征衍射峰,表明了制备样品中存在Cu2O和CuO,形成了Cu2O-CuO复合物。从图1还可以看出,随着原料中Na2S·9H2O加入量的增加,产物中Cu2O衍射峰强度明显地逐渐增强,表明复合物中Cu2O含量逐渐增加。所以,通过控制原料硫化钠的加入量,可以方便地控制产物中Cu2O含量,从而可以合成出不同Cu2O含量的氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物。
对实施例4制得的氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物进行透射电子显微镜分析(TEM),结果见图2。由图2可见,样品的颗粒形态为类球形,颗粒直径为100nm左右,存在一定程度的团聚。
以上仅为本发明的示例性实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所做的任何修改,等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a、将硫酸铜溶解在蒸馏水中,得到铜盐溶液A;
b、按摩尔比1:16将硫化钠和氢氧化钠溶解在蒸馏水中,得到混合溶液B;
c、按照硫酸铜和硫化钠的摩尔比为8:(1-x),其中0<x<1,在室温下将铜盐溶液A和混合溶液B充分混合,然后将混合物转移至对位聚苯材质的水热反应釜内胆中,密封水热反应釜后,将其放入加热设备中进行水热反应;反应完成后,自然冷却,离心分离,洗涤、干燥,得到氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法,其特征在于:所述铜盐溶液A中铜离子的浓度为0.32mol/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法,其特征在于:所述混合溶液B中硫离子的浓度为(0.04-0.04x)mol/L,氢氧根离子的浓度为(0.64-0.64x)mol/L,其中0<x<1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法,其特征在于:所述水热反应的温度为250℃,时间为6小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法,其特征在于:所述洗涤是先用蒸馏水对产物洗涤2次,再用无水乙醇对产物洗涤1次。
6.根据权利要求1所述的氧化铜-氧化亚铜纳米复合物的可控制备方法,其特征在于:所述干燥是在85℃下真空干燥1小时。
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