CN113039994A - Pruning method and management mode for grape with double main tendrils collected from fruit leaves - Google Patents
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- CN113039994A CN113039994A CN202110447378.6A CN202110447378A CN113039994A CN 113039994 A CN113039994 A CN 113039994A CN 202110447378 A CN202110447378 A CN 202110447378A CN 113039994 A CN113039994 A CN 113039994A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention provides a pruning method and a management method for double main vine grapes capable of harvesting fruit leaves, and particularly relates to the field of cultivation management of fruit trees. The invention provides a pruning method for grapes with double main tendrils and leaves, which comprises the following steps: leaving a main vine for leaf picking at a position 0.4-0.5 m away from the ground, and leaving a main vine for fruiting at a position 1.7-1.8 m away from the ground; the results grow on the ground in parallel by using the main vines and the main vines for picking the leaves, the new tips germinated on the main vines for picking the leaves are managed by adopting vertical fence-type leaf screens, the new tips germinated on the main vines for picking the fruits are managed by adopting horizontal shed-type leaf screens, and the two leaf screens occupy different space positions for partition differential management. By adopting the method, the phenomena that the quality and the yield of the grape fruits are reduced and the tree bodies can not grow normally due to the fact that a large number of grape leaves are picked can be avoided, and planting benefits can be achieved to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cultivation management of fruit trees, in particular to a pruning method and a management mode for grape with double main vines collected from fruit leaves.
Background
Xinjiang is the traditional dominant production area for grape cultivation in China, the grape cultivation area and the yield are at the top of China, a plurality of fresh-eating grape main production areas such as Turpan, Hami, Hetian and Kyoho are formed, and the cultivation area of seedless white grapes exceeds 50 ten thousand mu. The main production areas of the Hetian and Turpan have long sunshine time, low rainfall, dry air, less harm to grape diseases and pests, and extremely low use times and dosage of pesticides in the cultivation production process, thereby forming natural green food.
The seedless white grape leaves are flexible, smooth and shallow in cracking, and are excellent cooking materials for making grape leaf rice (Domaxi). At present, a large amount of seedless white grape leaves are purchased in main producing areas such as the Hetian and Turpan and sold at an outlet, a fruit grower picks a large amount of grape leaves for sale, the purchasing unit price of the grape leaves is 4-8 yuan/kg, and the sales income of the grape leaves reaches 1000-3000 yuan/family. However, the picking amount of the leaves is too large, which can greatly reduce the number of the leaves supplying photosynthetic products for the growth of the grape fruits, reduce the ratio of the leaves to the fruits, seriously affect the normal development of the grape fruits, cause the fruit grains to be too small, reduce the quality and affect the normal harvest of the grape fruits. Meanwhile, the nutrient supply of the leaves is insufficient, the quality of buds and the differentiation of flower buds are affected, the growth condition of branches is poor, the flower formation and fruit setting are poor in the year, the normal growth and yield formation of trees are greatly affected by massive picking of grape leaves in a traditional cultivation mode, and the current production situation of the maximum planting benefit cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a pruning method and a management mode for grapes with double main tendrils and harvested leaves. By adopting the method, the phenomena that the quality and the yield of the grape fruits are reduced and the tree bodies can not grow normally due to the fact that a large number of grape leaves are picked can be avoided, and therefore the planting benefit is maximized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a pruning method for grapes with double main tendrils and leaves, which comprises the following steps:
leaving a main vine for leaf picking at a position 0.4-0.5 m away from the ground, and leaving a main vine for fruiting at a position 1.7-1.8 m away from the ground; the fruiting body grows parallel to the ground with main vine and plucked leaves.
Preferably, the grape variety comprises grapes having leaves suitable for wrapping and consumption.
Preferably, the grapes are updated and updated by a grafting method; the pre-replacement grape variety includes grapes with leaves suitable for wrapping and eating.
Preferably, grafting is performed above the base of the main vine for leaf picking.
The invention provides a management mode of double main vines formed based on the method, which comprises the following steps:
enabling the fruiting branches to grow horizontally by using the current-year new shoots of the main vines, reserving fruit ears to form fruiting branches, and carrying out core picking and necessary flower and fruit retention treatment on the fruiting branches before blooming;
enabling the current new shoots of the main vines for leaf picking to grow vertically, and removing inflorescences;
and a ventilation belt with the height of 40-50 cm is reserved between the horizontal leaf curtain layer formed by the main vines for fruiting and the vertical leaf curtain layer formed by the main vines for leaf picking.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent fruiting branches on the main vine for fruiting is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the upper part of a reserved fruit ear of the bearing branch is provided with 4-6 new leaves for pinching; and (4) reserving 1-3 new leaves for the auxiliary tips germinated on the bearing branches and then pinching.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent vertical new tips sprouting from the main vine for picking leaves is 10-15 cm.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a pruning method for grapes with double main tendrils and leaves, which comprises the following steps: leaving a main vine for leaf picking at a position 0.4-0.5 m away from the ground, and leaving a main vine for fruiting at a position 1.7-1.8 m away from the ground; the fruiting body grows parallel to the ground with main vine and plucked leaves. According to the method, the fruits are subjected to horizontal leaf curtain layer management by using the main vine, the leaves are picked and subjected to vertical leaf curtain layer management by using the main vine, the leaf picking leaf curtain and the fruit picking leaf curtain occupy different space positions, the space requirements of leaf picking and fruit production are met, the phenomena that the quality and the yield of the grapes are reduced and the tree bodies cannot grow normally due to the fact that a large number of grape leaves are picked can be avoided, and the planting benefit can be achieved to the maximum extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the tree form of grape harvesting with leaves and fruits and the distribution of leaf curtains, wherein the first to fourth are horizontal leaf curtains in a fruit harvesting area and iron wires are fixed; sixthly, fixing iron wires for the vertical leaf curtains of the leaf harvesting areas;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the variety of alternative leaves and fruits with grape tree form and leaf curtain distribution.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a pruning method for grapes with double main tendrils and leaves, which comprises the following steps: leaving a main vine for leaf picking at a position 0.4-0.5 m away from the ground, and leaving a main vine for fruiting at a position 1.7-1.8 m away from the ground; the fruiting body grows parallel to the ground with main vine and plucked leaves. In the invention, the tree shape of the double main vines is preferably an F shape.
In the invention, the variety of the grapes preferably comprises grapes suitable for wrapping and eating, namely the grapes meeting the requirements of leaf wrapping and eating, and has the advantages of high quality, high yield and convenient management, the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the leaves are more than 10cm, the leaves are thin, flexible, free of hair, shallow in crack and large in leaf quantity; the leaves are suitable for coating and eating grapes, and are more preferably seedless.
The grapes with the double main vines can be divided into main vines for fruiting and main vines for leaf picking according to different production purposes to form a fruit harvesting area and a leaf harvesting area, so that the land and the space are fully utilized, the main vines for fruiting occupy the upper space with sufficient illumination, and the yield and the quality of fruits are further ensured; the main vine for picking leaves occupies the lower space with weaker light, so that the leaves are in a moderate shady environment, the production of tender leaves is facilitated, and the edible taste of the leaves can be improved (figure 1).
According to the invention, the grapes are preferably updated and updated by a grafting method, the grafting position is preferably above the base of the main vine for leaf picking, and the grafted rootstock preferably comprises grapes with leaves suitable for wrapping and eating; the leaves are suitable for coating and eating grapes, preferably without whitening. According to the invention, leaves on the stock are preferably picked and cultured by using the main vines for forming, and then grafting is carried out, and the grafted scion preferably comprises: excellent quality, development prospect and good compatibility with old varieties before replacement, such as Xinjiang (figure 2). In the invention, after the updating and the replacement, the main vine for leaf picking comes from the stock variety, and the main vine for fruiting comes from the scion variety.
The invention provides a method for managing double main vines based on the method, which comprises the following steps:
horizontally growing the fruiting branches by using the current-year new shoots of the main vines to form fruiting branches, and carrying out pinching and necessary flower and fruit retention treatment on the fruiting branches before flowering;
enabling the current new shoots of the main vines for leaf picking to grow vertically, and removing inflorescences;
and a ventilation belt with the height of 40-50 cm is reserved between the horizontal leaf curtain layer formed by the main vines for fruiting and the vertical leaf curtain layer formed by the main vines for leaf picking.
The invention enables the fruit to grow horizontally by the current-year new shoot of the main vine to form a bearing branch, and the new shoot of the fruit is subjected to pinching and other flower and fruit protecting treatments before blooming. In the invention, the distance between two adjacent fruiting branches on the main vine for fruiting is preferably 10-15 cm. According to the invention, 4-6 new leaves are preferably reserved on the upper part of the reserved fruit cluster of the bearing branch, and the other leaves are subjected to pinching treatment, so that the influence of vegetative growth on reproductive growth can be relieved, and the fruit setting rate is improved. According to the invention, 1-3 new leaves are preferably left on the auxiliary tips germinated on the bearing branches, and then the core is picked. The invention preferably ensures that 25-35 leaves, more preferably 30 leaves are reserved on each fruit branch, and ensures the nutrient supply required by the growth and development of fruits.
The invention leads the new shoots of the current year of the main vine for leaf picking to grow vertically and removes inflorescences. The pinching is preferably carried out when the vertical new tip is 40-50 cm away from the horizontal leaf curtain layer for leaf pinching. In the invention, the distance between two adjacent vertical new tips sprouting from the main vine for picking leaves is preferably 10-15 cm.
According to the invention, a ventilation zone with the height of 40-50 cm is reserved between the horizontal leaf curtain layer formed by the main vine for fruiting and the vertical leaf curtain layer formed by the main vine for leaf picking, so that air circulation is promoted, and diseases are prevented.
For further explanation of the present invention, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to describe the pruning method and management method for dual main vine for harvesting fruit and leaves, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) F-shaped double main vine tree form shaping and trimming for seedless white
The method comprises the following steps that an F-shaped double-main-vine tree form is adopted in the tree form, 2 main vines are cultured in production, and the main vines are divided into a main vine for fruiting and a main vine for leaf picking, wherein the height of the main vine for fruiting from the ground is 1.7-1.8 m, and horizontal leaf curtain layer management is adopted; the height of the main vines for leaf picking from the ground is 0.4-0.5 m, and vertical leaf curtain layer management is adopted.
(2) Management mode for newly growing tip and flower and fruit in current year
The distance between two new tips of adjacent fruits on the main vine is 10-15 cm, the new tips are horizontally bound to a horizontal leaf curtain fixing iron wire, 1-2 fruit clusters are reserved on each bearing branch, 4-6 new leaves are reserved on the upper portions of the fruit clusters before flowering for pinching, 1-3 leaves are reserved on the auxiliary tips of the germination on the bearing branches for timely pinching, 25-35 leaves of each cluster are guaranteed, necessary flower and fruit retention is guaranteed, and nutrient supply required for growth and development of fruits is guaranteed.
The distance between two adjacent vertical new tips sprouting from the main vines is 10-15 cm, the two new tips are vertically bound on a vertical leaf curtain to fix iron wires, all inflorescences are removed, the new tips grow to be 40-50 cm away from a horizontal leaf curtain layer, a space of 40-50 cm is reserved to be used as a ventilation zone, and blades meeting purchasing standards are removed in time for sale (detailed figure 1).
Example 2
(1) F-shaped double main vine tree form shaping and pruning are carried out on the rootstock and the scion
The stock is seedless and white, and the scion is new.
The tree form adopts an F-shaped double-main-vine tree form, the scion main vine is a main vine for fruiting, the height from the ground is 1.7-1.8 m, and horizontal leaf curtain layer management is adopted; the main vine of the stock is used for picking leaves, the height from the ground is 0.4-0.5 m, and the stock is managed by a vertical leaf curtain layer.
(2) Management mode for newly growing tip and flower and fruit in current year
And horizontally binding two new fruit branches adjacent to the new tip of the main vine with the distance of 10-15 cm to a horizontal leaf curtain fixing iron wire, reserving 1-2 fruit ears for each fruit branch, reserving 4-6 new leaves on the upper part of each fruit ear before flowering for pinching, reserving 1-3 leaves on the germination auxiliary tip of each fruit branch for pinching in time, ensuring that each ear of fruit has 25-35 leaves and necessary flower and fruit retention, and ensuring the nutrient supply required by the growth and development of fruits.
The distance between two adjacent vertical new tips sprouting from the main vines is 10-15 cm, the two adjacent vertical new tips are vertically bound on a vertical leaf curtain to fix iron wires, all inflorescences are removed, the new tips grow to be 40-50 cm away from a horizontal leaf curtain layer, a space of 40-50 cm is reserved to be used as a ventilation zone, and blades meeting purchasing standards are removed in time to be sold (detailed shown in figure 2).
Comparative example 1
(1) Performing factory-shaped pruning on the coreless paper
The tree form adopts a plant-shaped single main vine form, 1 main vine is cultured in production, the height of the main vine from the ground is 1.7-1.8 m, and horizontal leaf curtain layer management is adopted.
(2) Management mode for newly growing tip and flower and fruit in current year
The distance between two adjacent vertical new tips on the main tendrils is 10-15 cm, the main tendrils are horizontally bound to a horizontal leaf curtain fixing iron wire, 1-2 fruit clusters are reserved on each new tip, 4-6 new leaves are reserved on the upper portions of the fruit clusters before blooming for pinching, 1-3 leaves are reserved on the germination auxiliary tips on the fruit bearing branches for timely pinching, and 25-35 leaves of each fruit cluster are guaranteed to guarantee nutrient supply required by fruit growth and development.
Comparative example 2
(1) Shaping the Chinese character 'factory' shape of the coreless paper
The tree form adopts a plant-shaped single main vine form, 1 main vine is cultured in production, the height of the main vine from the ground is 1.7-1.8 m, and horizontal leaf curtain layer management is adopted.
(2) Management mode for newly growing tip and flower and fruit in current year
The distance between two adjacent new tips on the main vine is 10-15 cm, the new tips are horizontally bound to a horizontal leaf curtain fixing iron wire, 1-2 fruit ears are left on each new tip, leaf blades meeting requirements are picked for sale, the leaf picking amount is large, fruit grains become small, and the yield is reduced.
Comparative example 3
(1) The method comprises the following steps of (1) cultivating 1 main vine in a new depressed grape tree form which is a factory-shaped single main vine tree form, wherein the height of the main vine from the ground is 1.7-1.8 m, and performing horizontal leaf curtain layer management.
(2) Management mode for newly growing tip and flower and fruit in current year
The distance between two adjacent vertical new tips on the main tendrils is 10-15 cm, the main tendrils are horizontally bound to a horizontal leaf curtain fixing iron wire, 1-2 fruit clusters are reserved on each new tip, 4-6 new leaves are reserved on the upper portions of the fruit clusters before blooming for pinching, 1-3 leaves are reserved on the germination auxiliary tips on the fruit bearing branches for timely pinching, and 25-35 leaves of each fruit cluster are guaranteed to guarantee nutrient supply required by fruit growth and development.
The yields and incomes of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were investigated, and the results of the investigation are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 investigation results of yields and incomes of example 1, example 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from the experimental data reported in Table 1, the method provided by the invention can significantly improve the comprehensive benefits of the vineyard.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A pruning method for grapes with double main tendrils and leaves collected is characterized by comprising the following steps:
leaving a main vine for leaf picking at a position 0.4-0.5 m away from the ground, and leaving a main vine for fruiting at a position 1.7-1.8 m away from the ground; the fruiting body grows parallel to the ground with main vine and plucked leaves.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the grape variety comprises grapes having leaves suitable for wrapping and consumption.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the grapes are upgraded by grafting, and the grape varieties before upgrading comprise grapes with leaves suitable for wrapping and eating.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein grafting is performed above the base of the main vine for plucking the leaves.
5. A method of managing dual vine shoots formed by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 comprising the steps of:
horizontally growing the fruiting branches by using the current-year new shoots of the main vines to form fruiting branches, and carrying out pinching and necessary flower and fruit retention treatment on the fruiting branches before flowering;
enabling the current new shoots of the main vines for leaf picking to grow vertically, and removing inflorescences;
and a ventilation belt with the height of 40-50 cm is reserved between the horizontal leaf curtain layer formed by the main vines for fruiting and the vertical leaf curtain layer formed by the main vines for leaf picking.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the distance between two adjacent fruiting branches on the main vine for fruiting is 10-15 cm.
7. The management method of claim 5, wherein the fruit branches are subjected to pinching treatment by leaving 4-6 new leaves on the upper parts of the reserved fruit ears of the fruit branches; and (4) reserving 1-3 new leaves for the auxiliary tips germinated on the bearing branches and then pinching.
8. The management mode of claim 5, wherein the distance between two adjacent vertical new tips germinated on the main vine for picking leaves is 10-15 cm.
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