CN112979366A - Method for producing greening matrix by quickly composting dredged sediment - Google Patents
Method for producing greening matrix by quickly composting dredged sediment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112979366A CN112979366A CN202110070289.4A CN202110070289A CN112979366A CN 112979366 A CN112979366 A CN 112979366A CN 202110070289 A CN202110070289 A CN 202110070289A CN 112979366 A CN112979366 A CN 112979366A
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- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/004—Sludge detoxification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of dredged sediment, and particularly relates to a method for producing a greening substrate by quickly composting dredged sediment, which comprises the following steps: s1, concentrating; s2, adding acid and stirring; s3 preprocessing; s4, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio; and S5 composting. The process and the system provided by the invention provide the high-quality wood which has the advantages of low energy consumption, short production period, uniform and consistent carbonization degree of the interior and the surface of the wood, high strength and stable performance, and is low in production cost and suitable for mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dredged sediment, and particularly relates to a method for producing a greening substrate by quickly composting dredged sediment.
Background
The sediment is an important component of the water ecosystem, stores a large amount of nutritive salt, heavy metal and organic matters, is released into the water body through a mud-water interface under certain conditions, and is endogenous pollution causing black and smelly water body. Environmental dredging is an effective way to solve endogenous pollution, but produces a large amount of dredged sediment. The traditional landfill disposal of the dredged sediment is limited by the problems of short capacity of a landfill site, high transportation cost and the like, so that the harmlessness and resource utilization of the dredged sediment become the hot problems of the environmental protection industry, and the problem of high water content of the dredged sediment is solved.
The method for permanently placing the dredged sediment needs to occupy a large amount of land resources and has great secondary pollution risk; the physical dehydration method has low dehydration efficiency; the method for firing the tiles or the ceramic granules can obtain products with high added value, but the treatment capacity is limited; the method for treating the soil is characterized in that the solidified material is added into the bottom mud to be mixed and stirred, so that the flowing bottom mud can be converted into a soil material with certain strength to be used, and pollutants in the bottom mud are sealed in the solidified body, so that the surrounding environment is not polluted.
Chinese patent No. 03128333.0, patent name: a high cement slurry curing agent; chinese patent No. 03113373.8, patent name: the composite sludge solidifying material is a Chinese patent No. CN201010158943.9, and is named as a method for treating dredged sediment by soil formation. In these patents, silicate and volcanic ash materials are used as curing agents to cure sludge, and this method can obtain high-strength cured soil, but also results in high pH value of the cured soil, excessive hardness of the cured soil, and compact structure, which is not suitable for plant growth.
In the prior patent, CN201910219157.6, a method for treating dredged sediment by soil formation, introduces sulfide and foam agent, namely, terpineol oil, to obtain a foam product, and heavy metals in precipitated sludge are enriched in the foam to remove heavy metals from dredged sediment, wherein a new sulfide is introduced to pollute the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing greening matrix by quickly composting dredged sediment, which overcomes the defects of the traditional dredged sediment and provides the greening matrix with short production period, stable performance and low production cost, and heavy metals in the sediment are removed, thereby being beneficial to mass production.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for producing greening matrix by quickly composting dredged sediment comprises the following steps:
s1, concentrating the dredged sediment to concentrated sediment with water content of 90-97 percent;
s2, adding acid and stirring, adding 3-5 parts of acid into the concentrated mud obtained in the step S1, and fully stirring for 10-30 minutes;
s3, pretreating, adding 2-6 parts of iron salt and 10-12 parts of oxidant, fully stirring for 10-30 minutes, adding garden waste and cow dung, fully stirring for 30-60 minutes, and adjusting the pH value of the sludge to 6.5-7.3;
s4 adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, mixing the stack material to 1m3-1.5m3Stacking, adding 1-8 parts of metal passivator modified zeolite and modified sepiolite, uniformly mixing, and adding a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and EM (effective microorganisms) according to a detection result of raw materials; adding biochar and urea according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the stockpile; adjusting the C/N to 25-30 and the water content to 40-60%;
and S5 composting, performing composting temperature control on the mixture obtained in the step S4, monitoring the temperature in real time, and setting the pile turning frequency.
Further, the temperature control of the compost sequentially comprises 3 stages:
a temperature rising stage: the temperature is gradually increased for 1 to 3 days initially; in the heating stage, the temperature is firstly increased to more than 55 ℃, and the pile is turned once;
and (3) high-temperature stage: keeping the temperature at 55-65 ℃ for 3-6 days, turning the pile once every 2-5 days, and when the pile temperature is higher than 65 ℃, turning the pile, reducing the temperature and recording;
and (3) cooling: and (4) the compost enters a decomposition stage, and when the temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃ and the temperature difference does not exceed 2 ℃ for two consecutive days, the turning is stopped.
Further, the acid includes oxalic acid.
Further, the iron salt comprises iron oxide.
Further, the oxidant comprises liquid ozone, and the mass concentration of the liquid ozone is 25% -35%.
Further, 3-6 parts of a mixture of fly ash and limestone is added in the step S4, wherein the weight ratio of fly ash to limestone is as follows: 1:2-6.
Further, at 1m310-25kg of a mixture of iron salt and an oxidizing agent is added into the concentrated mud in the S1.
Furthermore, biochar and urea are added into the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the stockpile in S4, and the C/N is adjusted to be 28-30.
A greening substrate produced by dredged sediment rapid composting is produced by the method for producing the greening substrate by the composting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method carries out the pretreatment of concentration, acid adding stirring and pretreatment on the dredged sediment to reduce the water content of the dredged sediment and ensure that the sludge is easier to dehydrate, and the dredged sediment is mixed with other components to remove heavy metals in the sediment and ferment to obtain the greening matrix with stable performance.
2. When the dredged sediment is treated, after all components reach the parameter conditions of set temperature, dosage and the like, the dredged sediment can be continuously treated in large batch for dehydration and passivation to be treated into a green substrate, compared with the temperature rise and temperature reduction operation of each batch of materials in the traditional treatment, the method saves more than half of composting time, has less holding time in a high-temperature stage and lower rotting requirement, simultaneously has lower requirement on other added raw materials, can be directly applied to the roots of plants, and does not worry about the problem of non-rotting and complete seedling burning; the conventional production period is 30-40 days, and the production period is 13-15 days by adopting the process of the invention, thereby greatly shortening the production period and improving the economic benefit.
3. The three stages of the invention are all to fully decompose the compost mixture and thoroughly utilize organic acid, ferric salt and oxidant to dehydrate the bottom mud so as to conveniently passivate heavy metals: in the first temperature-raising stage, the compost mixture is fully decomposed, and no further decomposition can be carried out in the temperature range; in the second high-temperature stage, the liquid phase viscosity is high, the liquid phase quantity is small, high-temperature-resistant bacteria are rapidly propagated, most of proteins, fibers and the like which are difficult to degrade are continuously oxidized and decomposed under the aerobic condition, and simultaneously a large amount of heat energy and the liquid phase are released; in the stage, because a large amount of oxygen is consumed in the first stage, enough oxygen is needed in the high-temperature stage and the temperature is kept constant, so that the organic matters can be fully and efficiently degraded, the existing surface layer compost is not fully decomposed, and the decomposition time is too long; when the organic matter is basically degraded, the thermophilic bacteria stop growing due to lack of nutrients, and heat generation stops along with the lack of nutrients; in addition, in the stage, the dredged sediment and the primary garden waste are further heated and decomposed, the cow dung is a cold fertilizer, the further decomposition cannot cause the temperature of the compost to further rise, and the temperature rise of the components in the compost is not higher than 55 ℃. And in the third cooling stage, the composting is cooled, new microorganisms grow by means of residual organic matters, and the composting process is finally completed.
4. After the compost is carried out to the mixture in this application, adopt gardens discarded object, cow dung, even there is some not thoroughly decomposed, also can directly apply in plant roots, can not cause the harm of burning root and fever seedling. According to the invention, the oxalic acid can complex iron ions in the solution to form iron complex anions, so that the added iron ions in the solution are removed.
5. The greening substrate produced by the invention has no special requirements on improved sandy soil and planted crops when improving sandy soil, can be recycled, does not have the problems that a large amount of fertile fertilizer and special drought-resistant and deep root vegetation needs to be planted when the sandy soil is improved in the prior art to improve the structure of the original sandy soil and the like, and is beneficial to quickly restoring the ecological environment of the soil and improving the economic value. The substrate produced by the invention is suitable for most of lawns, rapes, green vegetables and other economic vegetation, the damage of plant diseases and insect pests and the survival rate are obviously superior to the improvement of sandy soil, and the maintenance and management cost can be effectively reduced.
6. The method determines the pH, C/N, organic matters, water content, organic carbon, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and heavy metals (cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, arsenic, nickel, zinc and copper) of the mixture, can effectively ensure the harmlessness and the fertility of the greening matrix and effectively ensure the quality of the greening matrix.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for producing greening substrate by rapidly composting dredged sediment in the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below for the purpose of better understanding technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and the description of the present invention is only exemplary and explanatory and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.
A method for producing greening matrix by quickly composting dredged sediment comprises the following steps:
s1, concentrating the dredged sediment to concentrated sediment with water content of 90-97 percent;
s2, adding acid and stirring, adding 3-5 parts of acid into the concentrated mud obtained in the step S1, and fully stirring for 10-30 minutes;
s3, pretreating, adding 2-6 parts of iron salt and 10-12 parts of oxidant, fully stirring for 10-30 minutes, adding garden waste and cow dung, fully stirring for 30-60 minutes, and adjusting the pH value of the sludge to 6.5-7.3;
s4 adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, mixing the stack material to 1m3-1.5m3Stacking, adding 1-8 parts of metal deactivator modified zeoliteMixing the modified sepiolite and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the EM bacteria uniformly according to the detection result of the raw materials; adding biochar and urea according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the stockpile; adjusting the C/N to 25-30 and the water content to 40-60%;
and S5 composting, performing composting temperature control on the mixture obtained in the step S4, monitoring the temperature in real time, and setting the pile turning frequency.
Preferably, the temperature control of the compost sequentially comprises 3 stages:
a temperature rising stage: the temperature is gradually increased for 1 to 3 days initially; in the heating stage, the temperature is firstly increased to more than 55 ℃, and the pile is turned once;
and (3) high-temperature stage: keeping the temperature at 55-65 ℃ for 3-6 days, turning the pile once every 2-5 days, and when the pile temperature is higher than 65 ℃, turning the pile, reducing the temperature and recording; according to the national standard requirement GB7959-2012, the artificial compost is kept for 10 days at the temperature of more than 50 ℃, and kept for 5 days at the temperature of more than 60 ℃ to meet the harmless requirement;
and (3) cooling: and (4) the compost enters a decomposition stage, and when the temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃ and the temperature difference does not exceed 2 ℃ for two consecutive days, the turning is stopped.
Preferably, the acid comprises oxalic acid.
Preferably, the iron salt comprises iron oxide.
Preferably, the oxidant comprises liquid ozone, and the mass concentration of the liquid ozone is 25% -35%.
Preferably, 3-6 parts of a mixture of fly ash and limestone is added in the step S4, wherein the weight ratio of fly ash to limestone is as follows: 1:2-6.
Preferably, at 1m310-25kg of a mixture of iron salt and an oxidizing agent is added into the concentrated mud in the S1.
Preferably, biochar and urea are added to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost in S4, and the C/N is adjusted to be 28-30.
Example 1
A method for producing greening matrix by quickly composting dredged sediment comprises the following steps:
s1, concentrating the dredged sediment to concentrated sediment containing 90% of water; s2, adding acid and stirring, adding 3 parts of acid into the concentrated mud obtained in the step S1, and fully stirring for 10 minutes; the acid comprises oxalic acid. S3 preliminary treatmentThen, adding 2 parts of iron salt and 10 parts of oxidant, fully stirring for 10 minutes, then adding garden waste and cow dung, fully stirring for 30 minutes, and adjusting the pH value of the sludge to 6.5; at 1m325kg of a mixture of iron salt and an oxidizing agent was added to the concentrated sludge in the above S1. The oxidant comprises liquid ozone, and the mass concentration of the liquid ozone is 35%. The iron salt comprises iron oxide. S4 adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, mixing the stack material to 1m3Stacking, adding 8 parts of metal passivator modified zeolite and modified sepiolite, uniformly mixing, and adding a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and EM bacteria according to a detection result of raw materials; adding biochar and urea according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the stockpile; adjusting the C/N to be 30 and the water content to be 40 percent; adding 6 parts of a mixture of fly ash and limestone in the step S4, wherein the weight ratio of fly ash to limestone is as follows: 1:2.
And S5 composting, performing composting temperature control on the mixture obtained in the step S4, monitoring the temperature in real time, and setting the pile turning frequency.
The temperature control of the compost sequentially comprises 3 stages:
a temperature rising stage: the temperature was gradually increased for the initial 3 days; in the heating stage, the temperature is firstly increased to more than 55 ℃, and the pile is turned once;
and (3) high-temperature stage: keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for 6 days, turning the pile once every 5 days, and turning the pile to reduce the temperature when the pile temperature is higher than 65 ℃ and recording; according to the national standard requirement GB7959-2012, the artificial compost is kept for 10 days at the temperature of more than 50 ℃, and kept for 5 days at the temperature of more than 60 ℃ to meet the harmless requirement;
and (3) cooling: and (4) the compost enters a decomposition stage, and when the temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃ and the temperature difference does not exceed 2 ℃ for two consecutive days, the turning is stopped.
The production cycle of this example was 14 days.
Example 2
A method for producing greening matrix by quickly composting dredged sediment comprises the following steps:
s1, concentrating the dredged sediment to concentrated sediment containing 97 percent of water;
s2, adding acid and stirring, adding 5 parts of acid into the concentrated mud obtained in the step S1, and fully stirring for 130 minutes; the acid comprises oxalic acid.
S3 PreTreating, adding 6 parts of iron salt and 12 parts of oxidant, fully stirring for 30 minutes, adding garden waste and cow dung, fully stirring for 60 minutes, and adjusting the pH value of the sludge to be 7.3; at 1m310kg of a mixture of iron salt and an oxidizing agent was added to the concentrated sludge in S1. The oxidant comprises liquid ozone, and the mass concentration of the liquid ozone is 35%. The iron salt comprises iron oxide.
S4 adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, mixing the stack material to 1.5m3Stacking, adding 1 part of metal passivator modified zeolite and modified sepiolite, uniformly mixing, and adding a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and EM bacteria according to a detection result of raw materials; adding biochar and urea according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the stockpile; adjusting the C/N to be 25 and the water content to be 60 percent; adding 3 parts of a mixture of fly ash and limestone in the step S4, wherein the weight ratio of fly ash to limestone is as follows: 1:6.
And S5 composting, performing composting temperature control on the mixture obtained in the step S4, monitoring the temperature in real time, and setting the pile turning frequency.
The temperature control of the compost sequentially comprises 3 stages:
a temperature rising stage: the temperature is gradually increased for the initial 1 day; in the heating stage, the temperature is firstly increased to more than 55 ℃, and the pile is turned once;
and (3) high-temperature stage: keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for 6 days, turning the pile once every 2 days, and turning the pile to reduce the temperature when the pile temperature is higher than 65 ℃ and recording; according to the national standard requirement GB7959-2012, the artificial compost is kept for 10 days at the temperature of more than 50 ℃, and kept for 5 days at the temperature of more than 60 ℃ to meet the harmless requirement;
and (3) cooling: and (4) the compost enters a decomposition stage, and when the temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃ and the temperature difference does not exceed 2 ℃ for two consecutive days, the turning is stopped.
The production cycle of this example was 13 days.
Example 3
A method for producing greening matrix by quickly composting dredged sediment comprises the following steps:
s1, concentrating the dredged sediment to concentrated sediment containing 96% of water;
s2, adding acid and stirring, adding 4 parts of acid into the concentrated mud obtained in the step S1, and fully stirring for 20 minutes; the acid comprises oxalic acid.
S3, pretreating, adding 3 parts of iron salt and 11 parts of oxidant, fully stirring for 20 minutes, adding garden waste and cow dung, fully stirring for 45 minutes, and adjusting the pH value of sludge to be 7; at 1m321kg of a mixture of iron salt and an oxidizing agent was added to the concentrated sludge in S1. The oxidant comprises liquid ozone, and the mass concentration of the liquid ozone is 32%. The iron salt comprises iron oxide.
S4 adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, mixing the stack material to 1.2m3Stacking, adding 7 parts of metal passivator modified zeolite and modified sepiolite, uniformly mixing, and adding a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and EM (effective microorganisms) according to a detection result of raw materials; adding biochar and urea according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the stockpile; adjusting the C/N to 28 and the water content to 48 percent; adding biochar and urea into the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the stockpile in the S4, and adjusting the C/N to be 29. Adding 5 parts of a mixture of fly ash and limestone in the step S4, wherein the weight ratio of fly ash to limestone is as follows: 1:4.
And S5 composting, performing composting temperature control on the mixture obtained in the step S4, monitoring the temperature in real time, and setting the pile turning frequency.
The temperature control of the compost sequentially comprises 3 stages:
a temperature rising stage: the temperature is gradually increased for the initial 1 day; in the heating stage, the temperature is firstly increased to more than 55 ℃, and the pile is turned once;
and (3) high-temperature stage: keeping the temperature at 65 ℃ for 5 days, turning the pile once every 4 days, and turning the pile to reduce the temperature and recording when the pile temperature is higher than 65 ℃; according to the national standard requirement GB7959-2012, the artificial compost is kept for 10 days at the temperature of more than 50 ℃, and kept for 5 days at the temperature of more than 60 ℃ to meet the harmless requirement;
and (3) cooling: and (4) the compost enters a decomposition stage, and when the temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃ and the temperature difference does not exceed 2 ℃ for two consecutive days, the turning is stopped.
The production cycle of this example was 15 days.
Test 1
The lake bed mud is not suitable for plant growth at all.
After the Taihu lake bottom mud is subjected to composting treatment in sequence, the greening substrates prepared in the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 are applied to rape, green vegetables and ryegrass, and all plants grow well, meet the requirement of farming and are suitable for the growth of plants.
The salt content (EC value) and the nutrient content are directly applied to the plant seedlings, and the phenomena of weak seedlings and seedling burning are avoided.
Table 1 basic physicochemical properties of the compost raw materials.
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| EC(uS/cm) | 484.6(0.2) | 478.6(0.2) | 486.7(0.2) |
| PH | 6.5 | 7.3 | 7 |
| TC(％) | 3.52(0.02) | 3.51(0.02) | 3.51(0.02) |
| TN(％) | 0.36(0.01) | 0.35(0.01) | 0.36(0.01) |
| C/N | 10.8(0.12) | 10.79(0.12) | 10.7(0.12) |
| Porosity (%) | 38(1.8) | 38.5(1.8) | 38.7(1.8) |
Note: standard deviations are indicated in parentheses.
In the traditional compost of poultry manure, traditional Chinese medicine residues and garden waste, the salt content, TC, TN and C/N ratio are all higher by more than one order of magnitude, and the seedling burning is easy to cause.
Test example 2
The compost of the embodiment 3 is prepared into a culture medium by being applied to sandy soil according to the mass ratio of 1: 4. The fresh weight and plant height ratio of the transplanted rape to the plant height 40 days after the rape is planted in each medium is shown in table 3. On the 60 th day after planting, 60 plants were taken out of the matrix, the plant roots and leaves were washed with clear water, dried for 30 minutes, fresh weight weighed, plant height, root length, stem thickness measurement and leaf scanning were performed, and the mean value was taken. As shown in Table 3, the fresh weight and the plant height of the plants are both increased compared with those before planting, but in the rape which is applied by 100 percent of dredged sediment compost used as a greening matrix, the root burning phenomenon occurs in more than 40 percent of the plants in the growth process due to relatively high matrix fertility, and the stem and leaf atrophy is caused. When the greening matrix of the embodiment 1-3 is used for treatment, the fresh weight and the plant height of the plants are obviously increased.
TABLE 2 root length, stem thickness, leaf area after rape growth.
| Root of herbaceous plant | Stem of a tree | Leaf area | Index of refraction | |
| Example 1 | 9.8(2.1) | 0.63(0.16) | 16.4(1.0) | 0.44 |
| Example 2 | 9.76(2.1) | 0.61(0.16) | 16.2(1.0) | 0.43 |
| Example 3 | 9.78(2.1) | 0.64(0.16) | 16.1(1.0) | 0.445 |
| Commercial cow dung compost product | 10.3(1.2) | 0.9(0.2) | 18.3(0.62) | 0.65 |
| Commercial compost product of poultry manure | 10.7(0.85) | 0.87(0.14) | 15(0.12) | 0.57 |
Table 3 fresh weight and plant height of the plant morphology of canola in the seedling experiments.
Note: the standard deviation is shown in parentheses.
The strong seedling index is one of indexes for judging the growth state and growth vigor of plants, and the growth quality of seedling-shaped plants is analyzed according to the rooting power, growth potentiality and the like of seedlings after field planting. The calculation method comprises the following steps: (stem thickness/plant height + dry root weight/dry aerial part weight) × dry whole plant weight. In the experiment, the seedling strengthening indexes of different mixed matrixes during balsamine cultivation are respectively as follows: 0.44, 0.43, 0.445, 0.65, 0.57. The seedling strengthening index of a certain cow dung and poultry dung compost product sold in the market is relatively higher than that of other treatments, but 1-3 seedlings burn when 60 groups of plants are applied to rape, although the seedling strengthening index is optimal, the compost product has uneven texture and is easy to have incomplete decomposition or heavy metal causes plant death in short-term compost. In the embodiment, the greening substrate is beneficial to increasing the ventilation pores of the substrate and improving the oxygen supply of the root system, and dredged sediment compost provides nutrient substances for the growth of seedlings and ensures a good growth substrate.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts of the present invention. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that there are objectively infinite specific structures due to the limited character expressions, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a plurality of modifications, decorations or changes may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the technical features described above may be combined in a suitable manner; such modifications, variations, combinations, or adaptations of the invention using its spirit and scope, as defined by the claims, may be directed to other uses and embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. A method for producing greening matrix by quickly composting dredged sediment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, concentrating the dredged sediment to concentrated sediment with water content of 90-97 percent;
s2, adding acid and stirring, adding 3-5 parts of acid into the concentrated mud obtained in the step S1, and fully stirring for 10-30 minutes;
s3, pretreating, adding 2-6 parts of iron salt and 10-12 parts of oxidant, fully stirring for 10-30 minutes, adding garden waste and cow dung, fully stirring for 30-60 minutes, and adjusting the pH value of the sludge to 6.5-7.3;
s4 adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, mixing the stack material to 1m3-1.5m3Stacking, adding 1-8 parts of metal passivator modified zeolite and modified sepiolite, uniformly mixing, and adding a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and EM (effective microorganisms) according to a detection result of raw materials; adding biochar and urea according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the stockpile; adjusting the C/N to 25-30 and the water content to 40-60%;
and S5 composting, performing composting temperature control on the mixture obtained in the step S4, monitoring the temperature in real time, and setting the pile turning frequency.
2. Dredged sediment rapid composting method for producing green substrates according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature control of the compost comprises 3 stages in sequence:
a temperature rising stage: the temperature is gradually increased for 1 to 3 days initially; in the heating stage, the temperature is firstly increased to more than 55 ℃, and the pile is turned once;
and (3) high-temperature stage: keeping the temperature at 55-65 ℃ for 3-6 days, turning the pile once every 2-5 days, and when the pile temperature is higher than 65 ℃, turning the pile, reducing the temperature and recording;
and (3) cooling: and (4) the compost enters a decomposition stage, and when the temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃ and the temperature difference does not exceed 2 ℃ for two consecutive days, the turning is stopped.
3. A method for rapid composting of dredged sediment to green substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid comprises oxalic acid.
4. Dredged sediment rapid composting method for greening of substrates according to claim 1, characterised in that the iron salt comprises iron oxide.
5. The method for producing greening substrate through dredged sediment rapid composting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxidant comprises liquid ozone with mass concentration of 25-35%.
6. The method for producing greening base material by rapidly composting dredged sediment according to claim 1, wherein 3-6 parts of a mixture of fly ash and limestone is added in step S4, wherein the weight ratio of fly ash to limestone is as follows: 1:2-6.
7. Method for the rapid composting of dredged sludge with greening base according to claim 1, characterised in that the greening base is at 1m310-25kg of a mixture of iron salt and an oxidizing agent is added into the concentrated mud in the S1.
8. A method for producing greening matrix by dredged sediment fast composting as claimed in claim 1, wherein biochar and urea are added to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost in S4, and the C/N is adjusted to 28-30.
9. A greening substrate produced by rapid composting of dredged sediment, characterized in that it is produced by a method for producing greening substrates composted according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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