CN112956351B - Pitaya branch bending and shaping method - Google Patents
Pitaya branch bending and shaping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112956351B CN112956351B CN202110200621.4A CN202110200621A CN112956351B CN 112956351 B CN112956351 B CN 112956351B CN 202110200621 A CN202110200621 A CN 202110200621A CN 112956351 B CN112956351 B CN 112956351B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
- A01G9/122—Stakes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
- A01G9/128—Fixing of plants to supports, e.g. by means of clips
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a branch bending and shaping method of dragon fruits, which comprises the following steps: burying the bracket, and cutting dragon fruit seedlings; binding a first fixing strip at the middle part of the dragon fruit seedlings to fix, and applying a nitrogen-containing fertilizer; when the height of the main branch exceeds 30 cm of the steel wire rope, binding a second fixing strip at the intersection of the main branch of the dragon fruit and the steel wire rope, and unfastening the first fixing strip; when the trunk branch exceeds 50 cm of the steel wire rope, positioning the trunk branch and the transverse steel wire rope by using a third fixing strip, and drawing the trunk branch; after the trunk exceeds 80 cm of the steel wire rope, adjusting the position of a third cloth strip and fixing the trunk branch on the steel wire rope; the length of the trunk exceeds 80 cm of the steel wire rope, and the bud eyes of the dragon fruits are trimmed; and (5) shaping and maintaining the lateral branches and performing advanced maintenance after the main bent branches and the lateral branches are shaped. The method is simple to operate, low in requirement on experience of workers, less influenced by weather, low in damage rate of branches after bending branches, high in fruit setting rate of the dragon fruits and full in obtained dragon fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dragon fruit planting. More particularly, the invention relates to a branch bending and shaping method of dragon fruits.
Background
Pitaya is a common tropical fruit, and is widely popular among people due to being rich in various nutritional ingredients such as vitamins and the like; pitaya is a cultivar of a Petasites hybridus of Petasites of Cactaceae, and has fleshy shrub with aerial root. The dragon fruits are mainly planted in the fields of Hainan, guangxi, guangdong, guizhou and the like respectively, and the current planting area is about 100 ten thousand mu. In order to enable the dragon fruits to grow better and blossom and bear fruits early in the planting process, the dragon fruits need to be bent and shaped.
The main stream planting method of the dragon fruits is single-row planting, namely, cement columns are used for vertical support, steel wire ropes are pulled among the cement columns for horizontal support, the positions below the steel wire ropes and supported by bamboo poles to plant dragon fruit seedlings, the dragon fruit seedlings vertically grow upwards along the bamboo poles, after the positions reach and exceed the positions of the steel wire ropes, the vertical growth of dragon fruit branches upwards is changed into horizontal growth along the direction of the steel wire ropes, and the branches growing along the direction of the steel wire ropes are main branches of the dragon fruits. After the trunk is thick and strong and mature, lateral branches grow on two sides, proper lateral branches are selected and reserved, and the lateral branches droop after growing and maturing, so that a three-dimensional structure with the trunk horizontally growing along the steel wire rope as a main body and the lateral branches growing in the directions of the two sides of the trunk is completed;
at present, the method adopted by the bending of the dragon fruit branches is to artificially forcibly twist the branches, and by manually twisting the branches at an angle of about 90 degrees, the vascular bundles inside the dragon fruit branches are deformed or even broken, so that the aim of bending the dragon fruit branches and horizontally growing the dragon fruit branches along the direction of the steel wire ropes is fulfilled. The twisted branches are forced to be very easy to break, even if the surfaces of the branches are not broken, the vascular bundles in the branches are damaged, and the growth of the branches can be influenced; meanwhile, forced twisting of the branches needs time for high-temperature branches to be relatively soft in a sunny day, and if the branches are in a cloudy day, the branches are relatively fragile, and the forced twisting of the branches can easily lead to direct breakage of the branches. The branch bending operation needs repeated massage and the branch bending position needs to be twisted to reduce the breakage rate of branches, the time and the labor are wasted, the requirement on the experience of workers is very high, and a large amount of labor cost is consumed.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide a branch bending and shaping method for the dragon fruits, which is simple to operate, has low requirements on experience of workers, is less influenced by weather, has low damage rate of branches after branch bending, has high fruit setting rate of the dragon fruits, and ensures that the obtained dragon fruits are fuller and have high yield.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for bending branches and shaping dragon fruits, comprising:
s1, embedding supports, transversely pulling steel wire ropes between the supports, and pulling waist lines of side branches of pitaya; supporting rods are uniformly arranged among the brackets at intervals; cutting a dragon fruit seedling at a position close to the supporting rod, binding a first fixing strip in the middle of the dragon fruit seedling, fixing the dragon fruit seedling on the supporting rod, and applying a nitrogen-containing fertilizer;
s2, bundling a second fixing strip at the intersection of the main branch of the dragon fruit and the steel wire rope at the position where the main branch of the dragon fruit exceeds the height of the steel wire rope by 30 cm; loosening the first fixing strip when the main branch of the dragon fruit seedling exceeds 50 cm of the steel wire rope, binding the main branch of the dragon fruit seedling with the transverse steel wire rope by the third fixing strip, and towing the main branch of the dragon fruit seedling; after the main stem of the dragon fruit seedling exceeds 80 cm of the steel wire rope, adjusting the position of a third cloth strip and fixing the main branch of the dragon fruit on the steel wire rope;
s3, after the branches of the main dragon fruit trunk are bent, the length of the main dragon fruit trunk exceeds 80 centimeters of the steel wire rope, and the bud eyes of the dragon fruit are trimmed;
s4, shaping and maintaining the lateral branches, and performing high-grade maintenance after the main bent branches and the lateral branches are shaped.
Preferably, the nitrogen-containing fertilizer applied in S1 is specifically: applying a rooting fertilizer within 1 month after the dragon fruit branches are cut, wherein the fertilizer applied each time is 3 ml of polyglutamic acid water-soluble fertilizer per plant, and is continuously used for three times to promote the dragon fruit seedlings to root; after rooting, applying growth fertilizer every 7 days, carrying out drop irrigation on 2 g/plant of urea and 3 g/plant of balanced compound fertilizer at the root, and applying 1000 times of diluent of amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer to leaf surfaces; until the trunk branch of the dragon fruit newly grows to exceed 30 cm above the steel wire rope.
Preferably, in the step S3, after the eyes of the dragon fruit bud are trimmed, the fertilizer is applied every 7 days, and the specific application mode is as follows: 2 g/plant of urea and 3 g/plant of balanced compound fertilizer are applied to the root of the main stem of the dragon fruit, and 1000 times of diluent of water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid is sprayed on the leaf surface.
Preferably, S4 is that after the lateral branches on the two sides germinate, one lateral branch is reserved on each of the two sides of the main trunk of the dragon fruit in the first year of the growth of the dragon fruit, 3-4 lateral branches are reserved on each of the two sides of the main trunk of the dragon fruit in the second year, 1-2 lateral branches are continuously added on each of the two sides of the main trunk of the dragon fruit in the third year, and redundant lateral branches on the two sides are removed;
when the lateral branches on both sides grow to 70 cm, the tender growing points at the topmost ends of the lateral branches are cut off, so that the lateral branches stop growing and start aging and naturally droop to the positions of the waist lines.
Preferably, S4 is specifically: after finishing shaping of the main bent branches and the side branches, applying a fertilizer once every 7 days for maintenance, wherein the fertilizer specifically comprises the following components: 5 g/plant of high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2 g/plant of amino acid calcium are drip-irrigated to promote the rapid aging of the trunk and the lateral branches; applying the fertilizer once in 10 days, and spraying 1000 times of diluent of calcium-containing magnesium-zinc-boron foliar fertilizer and 1000 times of diluent of alginic acid foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces.
Preferably, the step of modifying the bud eyes of the dragon fruit in the step S3 is to cut off the bud eyes at the top of the main stem of the dragon fruit, the bud eyes above the main stem of the dragon fruit and the bud eyes below the main stem of the dragon fruit, and keep the bud eyes at two horizontal sides of the main stem of the dragon fruit.
Preferably, the stent in S1 is an integrated stent, and specifically includes:
the upper top surface of each strut is fixedly provided with a horizontal connecting plate, the lower bottom surface of each connecting plate is provided with a plurality of connecting seats, each connecting plate is square, the plurality of connecting seats are respectively arranged at four corners close to the connecting plates, a pair of parallel sliding rods are arranged between the two struts, and two ends of each sliding rod are respectively connected with the corresponding connecting seats;
the support is divided into a plurality of groups and erected on the two sliding rods; the support divides the piece to include: the H-shaped top plate and the clamping blocks arranged on the lower bottom surface of the top plate are provided with at least 2 clamping blocks which are respectively connected with the two sliding rods in a sliding manner; a vertical support rod is arranged at the center of the bottom of the top plate, the upper end of the support rod is in threaded connection with the top plate, a sharp anchor is formed at the lower end of the support rod, the support rod is a telescopic loop rod, a fixed seat is axially arranged on the support rod, and a fixing part is detachably arranged on the fixed seat; the lower top surface of the top plate is also provided with a universal base, the universal base is connected with a mortgage rod, and the mortgage rod is a telescopic rod; one end of the mortgage rod is connected with the universal base, the other end of the mortgage rod is connected with a fixed seat, and a fixed part is detachably arranged on the fixed seat;
and the steel wire rope fixing pieces are in a pair, each steel wire rope fixing piece is sleeved with one support, and a steel wire rope is connected between every two adjacent steel wire rope fixing pieces.
Preferably, the fixing member is one of a cloth strip, an elastic gripping clip and a string.
Preferably, the pillar is provided with a scale mark along the axial direction.
Preferably, the lower part of the supporting column is fixed by a concrete base.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the method adopts a mode of growing and guiding at the same time to bend and shape the dragon fruit, so that the breakage rate of the dragon fruit at the bent branch is effectively reduced, the breakage rate of the bent branch is about 1 percent by the technical scheme, and the breakage rate of the traditional branch bending method is 5 percent;
secondly, in the prior art, the branch bending operation is performed when the branches with sufficient sunlight are soft, so that the internal damage rate of the bent branches is reduced as much as possible, but the branches grow and are formed, even if no wound exists on the outside and the inside is fractured, the internal damage rate of the bent branches is about 1%, and the conventional method is 5% -10%; secondly, the technical scheme of the application is slightly influenced by weather, and the branches can be dried and softened by the sun in the middle or afternoon of a sunny day in a conventional method;
thirdly, the labor intensity is low, the operation of workers is quicker, the branches are required to be massaged and twisted by the conventional method, and the method can meet the requirements only by binding or fixing operation and proper manual traction;
fourthly, the support is built more conveniently and quickly by adopting the integrated support, concrete piles are not required to be solidified, the early-stage preparation time is short, the distance between different support rods is adjustable in a sliding anchoring mode, the support rods are convenient to pull and insert, the fixing seats are arranged on the support rods, the fixing seats are detachably arranged on the fixing seats, the fixing seats are convenient to fix the dragon fruit support rods, the mortgage rods are arranged on the top plate, and when the dragon fruit branches grow at different periods, the proper traction positions are changed by stretching the mortgage rods at different degrees, so that the damage rate of the dragon fruit branches is reduced as much as possible, and the effect of bending the branches is achieved;
fifthly, the lateral branches grow faster by the technical scheme of the method, the vertical direction bud holes of the trunk are cut out in advance, so that the vertical direction bud holes of the trunk are prevented from sprouting, the nutrient consumption caused by bud sprouting on the dragon fruit branches is reduced, the lateral buds grow more fully, redundant bud holes are not cut out by a conventional method, and the nutrient is consumed by the lateral sprouting of the redundant bud holes to influence the growth of the lateral buds.
Sixthly, the technical scheme of the invention fully utilizes the space, so that the trunk with bent branches horizontally grows along the steel wire rope, the lateral branches horizontally grow along the two sides of the trunk and then naturally bend and droop, and fruits can be hung on the upper side and the lower side of the two sides of the trunk, thereby forming a horizontal and vertical multi-layer growth and fruit hanging structure.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of single-row planting of pitaya according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a first cloth strip for binding the main stem of a dragon fruit according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an operation diagram of binding a second cloth strip to the main trunk of the dragon fruit 30 cm over a steel wire rope according to one technical scheme of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an operation diagram of binding a third cloth strip with a trunk of the dragon fruit exceeding a steel wire rope by 50 cm according to one technical scheme of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of drawing and bending branches when the main trunk of the dragon fruit exceeds 80 cm of a steel wire rope and naturally sags according to one technical scheme of the invention;
fig. 6 is an operation schematic diagram of fixing a main trunk of a dragon fruit on a steel wire rope by adjusting a third cloth strip position after branch bending is completed according to one technical scheme of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation of trimming dragon fruit bud according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the germination of bud eyes on two sides of a main stem of a dragon fruit to form lateral branches according to one technical scheme of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of two sides of a main trunk of a dragon fruit respectively retaining a side branch according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the first-year bent branch shaping according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated bracket according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
< example 1>
As shown in the attached figures 1-10 of the specification, the invention relates to a branch bending and shaping method of dragon fruits, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing before branch bending;
constructing a dragon fruit row type planting frame; the method specifically comprises the following steps: according to planting requirements, a cement support column is erected, a steel wire rope for climbing a main dragon fruit trunk is pulled, a waist line for putting side branches of the dragon fruit is pulled, and a bamboo pole (shown in figure 1) for fixing dragon fruit seedlings is erected, wherein the height of the steel wire rope is 140cm, the height of the waist line is 100cm, the waist line is located below two sides of the steel wire rope, and the steel wire rope form a triangle.
Cutting dragon fruit seedlings; the method specifically comprises the following steps: inserting a plurality of bamboo poles arranged in a straight line between the cement support columns, wherein the bamboo poles are uniformly arranged at intervals, the bamboo poles are used as supports for cuttage of the dragon fruit seedlings, and the dragon fruit seedlings are fixed on the bamboo poles by adopting a first cloth strip in the middle of the dragon fruit seedlings (figure 2);
drip irrigation with a rooting agent and a water fertilizer to promote the rooting and the branch growth of the dragon fruits; applying fertilizers once every 10 days within 1 month after cuttage of the dragon fruit branches, wherein each fertilizer application adopts a drip irrigation method, specifically, 3 ml/plant of a polyglutamic acid water soluble fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation for three times continuously to promote rooting of dragon fruit seedlings;
after rooting, applying a growth fertilizer once again every 7 days, wherein the growth fertilizer adopts a drip irrigation method, specifically, 2 g/plant of urea and 3 g/plant of a balanced compound fertilizer are drip-irrigated to roots, and an amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is sprayed to leaf surfaces, wherein the dilution multiple of the amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is 1000 times so as to promote the germination and elongation of dragon fruit branches; the newly germinated branches are called main stems of the dragon fruit seedlings. The method comprises the following steps of continuously carrying out root drip irrigation on urea and a balanced compound fertilizer (the balanced compound fertilizer is a Qingdao Subel homoenergetic fertilizer, wherein N: P: K = 18.
S2, bending branches of a trunk;
when the trunk of the dragon fruit seedling exceeds the steel wire rope by 30 cm, binding a second cloth strip, wherein the specific positions are as follows: fixedly binding the main branch of the dragon fruit and the cross of the steel wire rope (figure 3), and simultaneously untying the first cloth strip in the S1;
when the main trunk of the dragon fruit seedling exceeds about 50 cm of the steel wire rope, binding a third cloth strip, wherein the specific positions are as follows: the steel wire rope is far away from the horizontal position of the cross of the main branch of the dragon fruit and the steel wire rope, and the main branch of the dragon fruit is 50 cm larger than the steel wire rope; at the moment, the third cloth strip promotes the natural sagging of the dragon fruit branches (figure 4) to play a role in traction, but does not affect the growth of the dragon fruit branches, no pressure is applied to the main trunk of the dragon fruit, the end parts of the dragon fruit branches face to be basically parallel to the steel wire rope, and the parts above the steel wire rope are naturally bent to form a certain radian.
Before the second cloth strip is bound, the first cloth strip needs to be untied, otherwise, the bending of the main branches of the dragon fruits is limited.
The main stem of the dragon fruit is pulled, bent and fixed;
when the main trunk of the dragon fruit seedling continues to grow until the length of the main trunk branch exceeds 80 cm of the steel wire rope, the main branch of the dragon fruit naturally grows and bends towards the steel wire rope due to the action of gravity and the traction of the third cloth strip in the growing process, when the main branch of the dragon fruit exceeds 80 cm of the steel wire rope and is almost parallel to the steel wire rope, manual guidance is adopted, the main branch of the dragon fruit is basically parallel to the steel wire rope, the position of the third cloth strip is adjusted, the third cloth strip is moved towards the transverse end of the main branch of the dragon fruit and is fixed on the steel wire rope (figure 5), and the bending of the main branch of the dragon fruit is finished (figure 6).
When the branch bending operation is carried out, the water and fertilizer management of the main trunk of the dragon fruit is also carried out simultaneously
Applying the fertilizer every 7 days or so during the bending of the trunk, and specifically operating as follows: 5 g of balanced compound fertilizer is dripped on roots per plant, the leaf surface is sprayed with the amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer, and the amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times and sprayed, so that the germination and the elongation of main branches of the dragon fruits are promoted, and the flexibility and the vitality of the branches are kept.
S3, core maintenance after the main trunk bends;
cutting off the growing point of the tip of the main branch of the dragon fruit, after the main branch of the dragon fruit is bent, cutting off the tender growing point at the topmost end of the main branch of the dragon fruit when the main branch of the dragon fruit is longer than the steel wire rope by about 80 cm, so that the main branch of the dragon fruit stops extending forwards, and the main branch is aged and the lateral branches germinate.
Cutting out redundant bud eyes above or below the trunk; specifically, the redundant bud eyes above or below the main stem of the dragon fruit are cut off by using special scissors, only the bud eyes at two horizontal sides are reserved (figure 7), and the bud eyes at two horizontal sides continue to grow and germinate subsequently to form lateral branches;
performing water and fertilizer management after bending the trunk and branches;
after the branches of the main trunk of the dragon fruit are bent, applying the fertilizer every 7 days, and specifically operating as follows: 2 g/plant of urea and 3 g/plant of balanced compound fertilizer are dripped on roots, amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is diluted 1000 times and sprayed to promote the germination of bud eyes at two sides of a trunk to form lateral branches (figure 8).
And S4, shaping and maintaining the lateral branches and performing high-grade maintenance after the main trunk bends and the lateral branches are shaped.
Germination and preservation of lateral branches; after the lateral branches on the two sides germinate, reserving one lateral branch on each side of the main trunk in the first year of the growth of the pitaya (figure 9), reserving 3-4 lateral branches on each side of the main trunk in the second year, continuously increasing 1-2 lateral branches on each side of the main trunk in the third year, and wiping off the redundant lateral branches on the two sides by using a knife;
cutting off the growing points of the tips of the lateral branches of the pitaya; when the lateral branches on both sides grow to about 70 cm, the tender growing points at the topmost ends of the lateral branches are cut off by a cutter, the lateral branches stop growing and begin to age and naturally droop to the positions of the waist lines twice, and the shaping of the lateral branches is finished (fig. 10).
When the lateral branch is shaped, drip irrigation water and fertilizer is carried out at the same time; after finishing shaping the bent branches and the lateral branches of the main trunk of the pitaya, applying a fertilizer once every 7 days, and specifically operating as follows: 5 g/plant of high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2 g/plant of amino acid calcium are drip-irrigated to promote the rapid aging of the trunk and the lateral branches. Spraying a leaf fertilizer; spraying the foliage fertilizer containing calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron (diluted by 1000 times) and the alginic acid foliar fertilizer (diluted by 1000 times) once every 10 days or so to promote photosynthesis, supplement trace elements and improve the stress resistance of branches.
The bent branch breakage rate of the dragon fruit obtained by the method is 1%, and the internal damage rate is about 1%;
definition of external and internal damage to shoots (fractures)
In the early growth stage of the dragon fruit, the branches vertically grow from the ground upwards, in order to fully utilize the space, external force is needed to bend the branches, so that the branches are converted from upward vertical growth into horizontal growth along the direction of the steel wire rope, if the bending method is unreasonable, the branches can be broken, and the breakage of the branches can be divided into two conditions:
the first condition is that the outer part of the branch is broken, namely the epidermis at the bent position is cracked or broken, the epidermis of the branch is broken to expose the inner mesophyll, and one branch is broken into two parts in severe cases;
the second condition is internal damage (fracture) of the branch, i.e. the epidermis is not cracked but internally fractured at the bent position of the branch, the early epidermis at the fractured position has water stain-like cracks, swelling and bulge at the middle stage, and the front end of the branch is thin and small and deformed and obviously sags at the later stage.
Method for detecting external fracture and internal damage (fracture) of branches
The shoots were examined for external breakage and internal damage (fracture) about 10 days after the end of branch bending.
When the outer part of the branch is broken, visually observing whether the skin of the branch at the bent position is cracked or broken or not, and whether the skin of the branch is broken to expose the inner mesophyll or not;
when the interior of the branch is damaged (fractured), whether the epidermis at the bent position has water stain-shaped cracks or not, whether the bent position is swollen or convex or not and whether the front end of the branch is thin, small and deformed due to fracture or not and has obvious droop are visually observed.
Statistics of fracture Rate and internal injury (fracture) Rate
And (3) adopting a 5-point random sampling method, taking 30 bent branches per point, counting the number of broken and internally damaged branches, and calculating the breakage rate and the internal damage rate.
< example 2>
S1, preparing before branch bending;
setting up an integrated bracket, wherein the integrated bracket is as shown in the attached figure 11 of the specification and comprises:
according to the size of an actual planting field, two concrete bases are respectively arranged at the ridge edge end part of the planting field, an anchorage device is arranged on each concrete base, after the concrete bases are solidified, a vertical pillar 1 is connected through the anchorage device, a horizontal connecting plate 101 is fixedly arranged on the upper top surface of the pillar 1, a plurality of connecting seats 103 are arranged on the lower bottom surface of the connecting plate 101, and the connecting plate 101 is square;
the connecting seats 103 are respectively arranged at the four corners close to the connecting plate 101, a pair of parallel slide bars 201 are arranged between the two struts 1, and two ends of each slide bar 201 are respectively sleeved on the connecting seats 103 of the corresponding strut 1;
the support is divided into a plurality of groups and erected on the two sliding rods 201;
the support divides the piece to include: the top plate 301 is arranged horizontally, a plurality of fixture blocks 302 are arranged on the lower bottom surface of the top plate 301, and at least 2 fixture blocks 302 are respectively connected with the two sliding rods 201 in a sliding manner;
a vertical support rod 303 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the top plate 301, the upper end of the support rod 303 is detachably connected with the top plate 301, specifically, the support rod 303 can be in a threaded connection, a sharp anchor is formed at the lower end of the support rod 303, and the support rod 303 is a telescopic loop bar;
when the fixture block 302 slides on the slide bar 201 to a corresponding position, the support rod 303 is extended, so that the bottom of the support rod 303 is anchored in soil to support the growth of the dragon fruit seedlings;
a plurality of fixing seats are axially arranged on the support rod 303, and fixing pieces 304 are detachably arranged on the fixing seats; the fixing member 304 may be one of a cloth strip, an elastic gripping clip, and a string; the dragon fruit branches are convenient to pull and bind;
the lower top surface of the top plate 301 is further provided with two universal bases 305, and a connecting line of the two universal bases 305 is parallel to the sliding rod 201;
the universal base 305 is connected with a mortgage rod 306, and the mortgage rod 306 is a telescopic rod; one end of the mortgage bar 306 is connected with the universal base 305, the other end of the mortgage bar is connected with a second fixed seat, a fixed part 304 is detachably arranged on the second fixed seat, and the fixed part 304 can be one of cloth strips, elastic grabs and strings; the purpose of drawing and fixing the dragon fruit seedlings is conveniently achieved;
the steel wire rope fixing parts 202 are a pair of lantern rings, steel wire ropes 203 are arranged on the lantern rings, each steel wire rope fixing part 202 is sleeved with a pillar 1, and the steel wire ropes 203 are connected between every two adjacent steel wire rope fixing parts 202;
the support 1 is provided with scale marks along the axial direction, so that the specific height of the steel wire rope 203 can be conveniently adjusted;
the integrated support is adopted, so that the support is more convenient and faster to set up, concrete piles are not required to be solidified, the early preparation time is short, the distance between different support rods 303 is adjustable in a sliding anchoring mode, the support rods 303 are convenient to pull and insert, the support rods 303 are provided with the fixed seats, the fixed seats 304 are detachably arranged on the fixed seats, the fixed seats 304 are convenient to fix dragon fruit branches, the top plate 301 is provided with the mortgage rods 306, and the proper traction positions are changed when the dragon fruit branches grow at different growth periods through the stretching of the mortgage rods 306 in different degrees, so that the damage rate of the dragon fruit branches is reduced as much as possible, and the effect of bending the branches is achieved;
cutting dragon fruit seedlings; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the supporting rod is used as a support for cuttage of the dragon fruit seedlings, and the dragon fruit seedlings are fixed on the supporting rod by the fixing pieces 304 in the corresponding positions in the middle of the dragon fruit seedlings;
drip irrigation with a rooting agent and a water fertilizer to promote the rooting and the branch growth of the dragon fruits; fertilizing once every 10 days within 1 month after cutting of the dragon fruit branches, wherein each fertilizing adopts a drop irrigation method, specifically, 3 ml/plant of polyglutamic acid water soluble fertilizer is applied continuously for three times to promote the rooting of the dragon fruit seedlings;
after rooting, applying a growth fertilizer once again every 7 days, wherein the growth fertilizer adopts a drip irrigation method, specifically, 2 g/plant of urea and 3 g/plant of a balanced compound fertilizer are drip-irrigated to roots, and an amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is sprayed to leaf surfaces, wherein the dilution multiple of the amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is 1000 times so as to promote the germination and elongation of dragon fruit branches; the newly germinated branches are called main stems of the dragon fruit seedlings. The method comprises the following steps of continuously carrying out root drip irrigation on urea and a balanced compound fertilizer (the balanced compound fertilizer is a Subel homoenergetic fertilizer in Qingdao, wherein N: P: K = 18.
S2, bending branches of a trunk;
after the main stem of the dragon fruit seedling exceeds the steel wire rope by 30 cm, the main stem is fixed by a corresponding fixing part 304, and the specific positions are as follows: fixing the crossed part of the main branch of the dragon fruit and the steel wire rope, and simultaneously unfastening a fixing piece 304 below the main branch;
when dragon fruit seedling trunk surpassed about 50 centimetres of wire rope, the length of adjustment mortgage pole, pressed the mounting 304 of mortgage pole tip to dragon fruit branch and trunk, made it grow towards the horizontal direction, and concrete position is: the steel wire rope is far away from the horizontal position of the cross of the main branch of the dragon fruit and the steel wire rope, and the main branch of the dragon fruit is 50 cm larger than the steel wire rope; at the moment, the mortgage rod promotes the dragon fruit branches to naturally droop to play a role in traction, but does not influence the growth of the dragon fruit branches, the end parts of the dragon fruit branches face to be basically parallel to the steel wire rope, and the parts above the steel wire rope can be naturally bent to form a certain radian.
Drawing, bending and fixing the main stem of the dragon fruit;
when the main trunk of the dragon fruit seedling continues to grow until the length of the main trunk branch exceeds 80 cm of the steel wire rope and is almost parallel to the steel wire rope, manual guiding is adopted to enable the main trunk branch of the dragon fruit to be basically parallel to the steel wire rope, the length of the mortgage rod is adjusted, the position of the fixing piece 304 at the end part of the mortgage rod is extended to move to the position far away from the cross-shaped intersection and fix, and bending of the main trunk of the dragon fruit is finished.
When the branch bending operation is carried out, the water and fertilizer management of the main trunk of the dragon fruit is carried out simultaneously
Applying the fertilizer every 7 days or so during the bending of the trunk, and specifically operating as follows: 5 g of balanced compound fertilizer is dripped on roots per plant, amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times and sprayed, so that the germination and the elongation of main branches of the dragon fruit are promoted, and the flexibility and the activity of the branches are kept.
S3, core maintenance after the main trunk bends;
cutting off the growing point of the tip of the main branch of the dragon fruit, after the main branch of the dragon fruit is bent, cutting off the tender growing point at the topmost end of the main branch of the dragon fruit when the main branch of the dragon fruit is longer than the steel wire rope by about 80 cm, so that the main branch of the dragon fruit stops extending forwards, and the main branch is aged and the lateral branches germinate.
Cutting off redundant bud eyes above or below the stem; cutting off redundant bud eyes above or below the main stem of the pitaya by using special scissors, only keeping the bud eyes at two horizontal sides, and continuously growing and germinating the bud eyes at the two horizontal sides to form lateral branches;
performing water and fertilizer management after bending the trunk and branches;
after the branches of the main trunk of the dragon fruit are bent, applying a fertilizer every 7 days or so, and specifically operating as follows: 2 g/plant of urea and 3 g/plant of balanced compound fertilizer are dripped on roots, amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is diluted 1000 times and sprayed to promote the germination of bud eyes at two sides of a trunk to form lateral branches.
And S4, shaping and maintaining the lateral branches, and performing high-grade maintenance after the main bent branches and the lateral branches are shaped.
Germination and preservation of lateral branches; after the lateral branches on the two sides germinate, reserving one lateral branch on each side of the main trunk in the first year of the growth of the pitaya, reserving 3-4 lateral branches on each side of the main trunk in the second year, continuously adding 1-2 lateral branches on each side of the main trunk in the third year, and wiping off the redundant lateral branches on the two sides by using a knife;
cutting off the growing points of the tips of the lateral branches of the pitaya; when the lateral branches on two sides grow to about 70 cm, cutting off the tender growing points at the topmost ends of the lateral branches by using a cutter, stopping the growth of the lateral branches, aging the lateral branches, naturally dropping to the positions of the waist lines twice, and shaping the lateral branches.
When the lateral branch is shaped, drip irrigation water and fertilizer is carried out at the same time; after finishing the shaping of the bent branches and the side branches of the main trunk of the dragon fruit, applying a fertilizer every 7 days, and specifically operating as follows: 5 g/plant of high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2 g/plant of amino acid calcium are drip-irrigated to promote the rapid aging of the trunk and lateral branches. Spraying a leaf fertilizer; spraying the foliage fertilizer containing calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron (diluted by 1000 times) and alginic acid foliar fertilizer (diluted by 1000 times) once every 10 days or so, promoting photosynthesis, supplementing trace elements and improving the stress resistance of branches.
The bent branch breakage rate of the dragon fruit obtained by the method is 0%, and the internal damage rate is about 2%;
comparative example 1
The branch bending and shaping operations in example 1 are carried out, and the difference is that the urea, the balanced compound fertilizer and the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer in example 1 are replaced by conventional growth fertilizers (the collective application mode and category of the conventional growth fertilizers are that the growth fertilizers are applied once every 7 days, the growth fertilizers adopt a drip irrigation means, specifically, 5 g of high-potassium compound fertilizer/plant is drip-irrigated to roots (wherein N: P: K = 15;
by adopting the cultivation method, the bending branch breakage rate of the obtained pitaya is 3%, and the internal damage rate is about 8%; the specific method of measurement was the same as in example 1.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The branch bending and shaping method of the dragon fruit is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, embedding supports, transversely pulling steel wire ropes between the supports, and pulling waist lines of side branches of pitaya; supporting rods are uniformly arranged among the brackets at intervals; cutting dragon fruit seedlings at positions close to the supporting rods, binding first fixing strips in the middle of the dragon fruit seedlings, fixing the dragon fruit seedlings on the supporting rods, and applying a high-nitrogen fertilizer and an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer;
s2, when the main branch of the dragon fruit exceeds the height of the steel wire rope by 30 cm, binding a second fixing strip at the intersection of the main branch of the dragon fruit and the steel wire rope, and unfastening the first fixing strip; when the main branch of the dragon fruit seedling exceeds 50 cm of the steel wire rope, positioning the main branch of the dragon fruit seedling and the transverse steel wire rope by using a third fixing strip, and drawing the main branch of the dragon fruit seedling; after the main stem of the dragon fruit seedling exceeds 80 cm of the steel wire rope, adjusting the position of the third fixing strip and fixing the main branch of the dragon fruit on the steel wire rope;
s3, after the bending of the main stem of the dragon fruit is finished, the length of the main stem of the dragon fruit exceeds 80 cm of a steel wire rope, and the bud eye of the dragon fruit is trimmed;
s4, shaping and maintaining lateral branches, and maintaining bent main branches and shaped lateral branches;
wherein the application of the high-nitrogen fertilizer and the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer in S1 specifically comprises the following steps: applying a rooting fertilizer within 1 month after the dragon fruit branches are cut, wherein the fertilizer applied each time is 3 ml of polyglutamic acid water-soluble fertilizer per plant, and is continuously used for three times to promote the dragon fruit seedlings to root; after rooting, applying growth fertilizer once again every 7 days, carrying out drop irrigation on 2 g/plant of urea and 3 g/plant of balanced compound fertilizer at the root, and applying 1000 times of diluent of amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces; until the trunk branch of the newly grown dragon fruit exceeds the steel wire rope by 30 cm;
in the S2, fertilizer is applied once every 7 days during trunk branch bending, and the specific fertilizer application mode is as follows: 5 g of balanced compound fertilizer is dripped on roots per plant, and 1000 times of diluent of amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer is applied to leaf surfaces;
in S3, after finishing the sprout eyes of the dragon fruits, applying a fertilizer every 7 days, wherein the specific fertilizer application mode is as follows: applying 2 g/plant of urea and 3 g/plant of balanced compound fertilizer to the root of the main stem of the dragon fruit, and spraying 1000-time diluent of amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces;
the support in S1 is the integration support, specifically includes:
the upper top surface of each strut is fixedly provided with a horizontal connecting plate, the lower bottom surface of each connecting plate is provided with a plurality of connecting seats, each connecting plate is square, the connecting seats are respectively arranged at four corners close to the connecting plates, a pair of parallel sliding rods is arranged between the two struts, and two ends of each sliding rod are respectively connected with the corresponding connecting seats;
the support is divided into a plurality of groups and erected on the two sliding rods; the support divides the piece to include: the device comprises an H-shaped top plate and at least 2 clamping blocks arranged on the lower bottom surface of the top plate, wherein the clamping blocks are respectively connected with two sliding rods in a sliding manner; a vertical support rod is arranged at the center of the bottom of the top plate, the upper end of the support rod is in threaded connection with the top plate, a sharp anchor is formed at the lower end of the support rod, the support rod is a telescopic loop rod, a plurality of first fixing seats are axially arranged on the support rod, and fixing parts are detachably arranged on the fixing seats; the lower top surface of the top plate is also provided with a universal base, the universal base is connected with a mortgage rod, and the mortgage rod is a telescopic rod; one end of the mortgage rod is connected with the universal base, the other end of the mortgage rod is connected with a second fixed seat, the first fixed seat and the second fixed seat have the same structure, and fixed parts are detachably arranged on the first fixed seat and the second fixed seat;
and the steel wire rope fixing parts are a pair, each steel wire rope fixing part is sleeved with one support, and the steel wire rope is connected between every two adjacent steel wire rope fixing parts.
2. The method for bending and shaping dragon fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein S4 is that after the lateral branches germinate, one lateral branch is reserved on each side of the main trunk of the dragon fruit in the first year, 3-4 lateral branches are reserved on each side of the main trunk of the dragon fruit in the second year, 1-2 lateral branches are further added on each side of the main trunk of the dragon fruit in the third year, and redundant lateral branches on both sides are removed;
when the lateral branches on both sides grow to 70 cm, the tender growing points at the topmost ends of the lateral branches are cut off, so that the lateral branches stop growing and start aging and naturally droop to the positions of the waist lines.
3. The dragon fruit branch bending and shaping method according to claim 1, wherein S4 specifically comprises: after finishing shaping of the bent branches and the side branches of the trunk, applying a fertilizer once every 7 days for maintenance, wherein the fertilizer specifically comprises the following components: 5 g/plant of drip irrigation high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2 g/plant of amino acid calcium; then, foliar fertilizer is applied once every 10 days, and 1000 times of diluent of foliar fertilizer containing calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron and 1000 times of diluent of foliar fertilizer containing alginic acid are sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
4. The method for bending and shaping dragon fruits according to claim 1, wherein the step of trimming the sprout eyes of the dragon fruits in the step S3 is to cut off the tender growing point at the top of the main stem of the dragon fruits, the sprout eyes above the main stem part of the dragon fruits in the horizontal direction and the sprout eyes below the main stem part of the dragon fruits in the horizontal direction, and keep the sprout eyes at two horizontal sides of the main stem of the dragon fruits.
5. The method for bending and shaping dragon fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fixing member is one of a cloth strip, an elastic clip and a string.
6. The dragon fruit bending and shaping method of claim 1, wherein the support column is provided with scale marks along the axial direction.
7. The dragon fruit branch bending and shaping method of claim 1, wherein the lower part of the support is fixed by a concrete base.
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