CN112931099A - Method for identifying purity of winter wheat seeds by planting in field plot - Google Patents
Method for identifying purity of winter wheat seeds by planting in field plot Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931099A CN112931099A CN202110309381.1A CN202110309381A CN112931099A CN 112931099 A CN112931099 A CN 112931099A CN 202110309381 A CN202110309381 A CN 202110309381A CN 112931099 A CN112931099 A CN 112931099A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of germplasm identification. The invention provides a field plot planting identification method for winter wheat seed purity, which comprises the following steps: (1) watering bottom moisture water on the selected land, and applying 35-45 kg of compound fertilizer per mu; (2) each seed sample is sowed in the same cell, and observation areas are arranged around the seed samples; each group of seed samples are sown in the same identification planting area, and protective rows are arranged around the identification planting area; (3) sowing seeds in the residential area and the protection row according to the standard that the row spacing is 23-27 cm and the plant spacing is 8-12 cm; (4) and identifying the purity of the wheat seeds. The method has reasonable seeding time, seeding grain number and seeding mode, can save manpower and material resources, can accurately identify the purity of the wheat seeds, reasonably applies the elimination value or the percentage value of the purity of different varieties, and accurately judges the batch of the accepted or eliminated seeds. The identification result is accurate, and reliable guidance is provided for wheat planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of germplasm identification, in particular to a field plot planting identification method for winter wheat seed purity.
Background
Winter wheat is the main grain in northern areas of China, the quality of wheat seeds is safe in wheat production, and the purity and the authenticity of the seeds are the most important indexes of the seeds and are of great importance to wheat production. The field plot planting identification is one of the most accurate and reliable methods for testing the quality of the wheat seeds, but a set of scientific wheat seed quality planting identification method does not exist at present, and various seed testing organizations carry out planting identification according to respective design methods, and the specific methods are different. Particularly, the characteristics and the standard of the identification are lost in the seedling green-turning period, the jointing-pulling and booting period and the wax ripening period, and two methods of eliminating value and percentage value of different variety purity are applied in result judgment and need further research. Therefore, the research and the application of the winter wheat seed quality planting identification technology can improve the seed quality inspection level, improve the seed inspection accuracy, reduce or avoid the misjudgment of the seed quality, ensure the seed safety of winter wheat, reduce the loss of farmers, promote the agricultural production and income increase of farmers, and have important significance for promoting the seed industry and the healthy development of agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a field plot planting identification method for winter wheat seed purity, which provides reliable guidance for wheat planting.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a field plot planting identification method for winter wheat seed purity, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a land with consistent soil fertility and no quarantine pest and disease damage and weeds, and watering the soil with bottom moisture, wherein 35-45 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu;
(2) each seed sample is sowed in the same cell, and observation areas are arranged around the cell; each group of seed samples are sown in the same identification planting area, and protective rows are arranged around the identification planting area;
(3) sowing seeds in the residential area and the protection row according to the standard that the row spacing is 23-27 cm and the plant spacing is 8-12 cm;
(4) and identifying the purity of the wheat seeds.
Preferably, the sowing date is 10 months and 5 days to 10 months and 15 days.
Preferably, the number of the seeds sowed in each cell is 480-520.
Preferably, single-seed dibbling is adopted during sowing.
Preferably, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm.
Preferably, the number of rows in each cell during sowing is 5-20.
Preferably, the number of the protection rows is 6-9 rows.
Preferably, the identification planting area consists of cells and an observation area, and the interval between the cells is 60-80 cm.
Preferably, the identified periods are seedling and mature periods.
Preferably, the seedling stage identification items are coleoptile color, seedling habit and seedling color, and the maturity stage identification items are plant height, stem wax, flag leaf sheath wax, flag leaf angle, stem color, spike length, spikelet accretion density, spikelet number, spike shape, type of mango, color of mango and length of mango, glume protection color and shape, glume protection fuzz, beak length of glume protection, spike grain number, spike wax, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, leaf fuzz, glume protection shoulder shape, glume protection ridge and spike stalk hair.
The invention provides a field plot planting identification method for winter wheat seed purity, which comprises the following steps: (1) watering bottom moisture water on the selected land, and applying 35-45 kg of compound fertilizer per mu; (2) each seed sample is sowed in the same cell, and observation areas are arranged around the seed samples; each group of seed samples are sown in the same identification planting area, and protective rows are arranged around the identification planting area; (3) sowing seeds in the residential area and the protection row according to the standard that the row spacing is 23-27 cm and the plant spacing is 8-12 cm; (4) and identifying the purity of the wheat seeds. The method has reasonable seeding time, seeding grain number and seeding mode, can save manpower and material resources, can accurately identify the purity of the wheat seeds, reasonably applies the elimination value or the percentage value of the purity of different varieties, and accurately judges the batch of the accepted or eliminated seeds. The identification result is accurate, and reliable guidance is provided for wheat planting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cell, an observation area and a guard row in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a field plot planting identification method for winter wheat seed purity, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a land with consistent soil fertility and no quarantine pest and disease damage and weeds, and watering the soil with bottom moisture, wherein 35-45 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu;
(2) each seed sample is sowed in the same cell, and observation areas are arranged around the cell; each group of seed samples are sown in the same identification planting area, and protective rows are arranged around the identification planting area;
(3) sowing seeds in the residential area and the protection row according to the standard that the row spacing is 23-27 cm and the plant spacing is 8-12 cm;
(4) and identifying the purity of the wheat seeds.
In the invention, the compound fertilizer is preferably a special compound fertilizer for feider-wheat produced by Hebei feider fertilizer science and technology development limited.
In the present invention, the date of sowing is preferably 10 months and 5 days to 10 months and 15 days, more preferably 10 months and 8 days to 10 months and 12 days, and still more preferably 10 months and 10 days.
In the present invention, the number of seeds sown in each cell is preferably 480 to 520, more preferably 490 to 510, and still more preferably 500.
In the invention, single-seed dibbling is preferably adopted during sowing.
In the present invention, the depth of the sowing is preferably 3 to 5cm, and more preferably 4 cm.
In the invention, the number of rows in each cell during sowing is preferably 5-20 rows, and more preferably 10-15 rows.
In the invention, the number of the protection rows is preferably 6-9 rows, and more preferably 7-8 rows.
In the present invention, the identification planting area preferably consists of a cell and an observation area.
In the present invention, the interval between the cells is preferably 60 to 80cm, more preferably 65 to 75cm, and still more preferably 70 cm.
In the present invention, the seedling stage identification items are preferably coleoptile color, seedling habit and seedling color.
In the present invention, the maturity identification items are preferably plant height, stalk wax, flag leaf sheath wax, flag leaf angle, stalk color, ear length, spikelet accretion density, spikelet number, spike shape, type of miscanthus, miscanthus and length of miscanthus, glume protection color and shape, glume protection fuzz, length of beak of glume protection, spike grain number, ear wax, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, leaf fuzz, glume protection shoulder shape, glume protection ridge and spike stalk hair.
In the invention, the calculation formula of the variety purity is that A is a/n multiplied by 100%, wherein A is the variety purity, a is the number of strains of the product, and n is the total number of identified strains.
In the invention, the purity of the variety reaches the national seed quality standard, contract agreement value and label marking value, and the variety is judged to be qualified, otherwise, the variety is unqualified.
In the invention, the allowable difference is used for the purity of the seed sample subjected to task supervision spot check by the agricultural administration department, and the allowable difference of the purity of the seed sample can be calculated by adopting an allowable difference calculation formula or directly used by GB/T3543.5.
In the present invention, the allowable difference calculation formula is
Wherein T is an allowable difference, P is a variety purity label value, q is a 100-variety purity label value, and n is an identification total number of plants.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Selecting land with consistent soil fertility and no quarantine pest and weed in 5 days in 10 months, and watering the soil with bottom moisture, wherein 35kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu;
(2) the number of seeds sowed in each cell is 480, sowing is carried out in a single-seed dibbling mode, observation areas are arranged on the periphery of the cells, no planting is carried out in the observation areas, and the intervals among the cells are 60 cm; the cell and the observation area form a planting identification area, each group of seed samples are sown in the same identification planting area, and 6 rows of protection rows are arranged around the identification planting area;
(3) 5 rows of seeds are sowed in the residential area and the protection row according to the standard that the row spacing is 23cm, the plant spacing is 8cm and the depth is 5 cm;
(4) identifying the coleoptile color, seedling habit and seedling color of wheat in the seedling stage; and (3) identifying the plant height, the stalk wax, the flag leaf sheath wax, the flag leaf angle, the stalk color, the spike length, the spikelet accretion density, the spikelet number, the spike shape, the type of the awn, the awn color and the length of the awn, the glume protection color and shape, the glume protection hairy hair, the glume protection beak length, the spike grain number, the spike wax, the flag leaf length, the flag leaf width, the leaf hairy hair, the glume protection shoulder shape, the glume protection ridge and the spike stalk hair in the mature period, and further identifying the purity of the seeds.
Example 2
(1) Selecting land with consistent soil fertility and no quarantine pest and weed in 10 months and 10 days, and watering the soil with bottom moisture, wherein 40kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu;
(2) the number of seeds sowed in each cell is 500, sowing is carried out in a single-seed dibbling mode, observation areas are arranged around the cells, no planting is carried out in the observation areas, and the interval between the cells is 70 cm; the cell and the observation area form a planting identification area, each group of seed samples are sown in the same identification planting area, and 8 rows of protection rows are arranged around the identification planting area;
(3) sowing 10 rows in the residential area and the protection row according to the standard of 25cm row spacing, 10cm plant spacing and 4cm depth;
(4) identifying the coleoptile color, seedling habit and seedling color of wheat in the seedling stage; and (3) identifying the plant height, the stalk wax, the flag leaf sheath wax, the flag leaf angle, the stalk color, the spike length, the spikelet accretion density, the spikelet number, the spike shape, the type of the awn, the awn color and the length of the awn, the glume protection color and shape, the glume protection hairy hair, the glume protection beak length, the spike grain number, the spike wax, the flag leaf length, the flag leaf width, the leaf hairy hair, the glume protection shoulder shape, the glume protection ridge and the spike stalk hair in the mature period, and further identifying the purity of the seeds.
Example 3
(1) Selecting land with consistent soil fertility and no quarantine pest and weed in 10 months and 15 days, and watering the soil with bottom moisture, wherein 45kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu;
(2) the number of seeds sowed in each cell is 520, sowing is carried out in a single-seed dibbling mode, observation areas are arranged on the periphery of the cells, no planting is carried out in the observation areas, and the intervals among the cells are 80 cm; the cell and the observation area form a planting identification area, each group of seed samples are sown in the same identification planting area, and 9 rows of protection rows are arranged around the identification planting area;
(3) sowing 20 rows in the residential area and the protection row according to the standard that the row spacing is 27cm, the plant spacing is 12cm and the depth is 3 cm;
(4) identifying the coleoptile color, seedling habit and seedling color of wheat in the seedling stage; and (3) identifying the plant height, the stalk wax, the flag leaf sheath wax, the flag leaf angle, the stalk color, the spike length, the spikelet accretion density, the spikelet number, the spike shape, the type of the awn, the awn color and the length of the awn, the glume protection color and shape, the glume protection hairy hair, the glume protection beak length, the spike grain number, the spike wax, the flag leaf length, the flag leaf width, the leaf hairy hair, the glume protection shoulder shape, the glume protection ridge and the spike stalk hair in the mature period, and further identifying the purity of the seeds.
Test examples
And (3) experimental design:
selecting the same batch of wheat seeds with the purity mark value of 99.0 percent as the test seeds;
the test set up 9 test groups, each group is 3 replicates, and the test conditions for each group are as follows:
test group 1 was conducted using the test method of example 2;
the number of the sown seeds was adjusted to 400 in test group 2, and the remaining conditions were the same as in example 2;
test group 3 adjusted the number of sown seeds to 550 seeds, and the remaining conditions were the same as in example 2;
the test group 4 selected the sowing date to be 9 months and 20 days, and the rest of the conditions were the same as those in example 2;
the test group 5 selected the sowing date to 10 months and 30 days, and the remaining conditions were the same as in example 2;
the test group 6 adjusted the plant spacing to 7cm, and the other conditions were the same as those in example 2;
the plant spacing of the test group 7 was adjusted to 15cm, and the other conditions were the same as those of example 2;
the application amount of the compound fertilizer is adjusted to 50kg per mu by the test group 8, and the other conditions are consistent with those of the example 2;
the application amount of the compound fertilizer in the test group 9 was adjusted to 60kg per mu, and the other conditions were the same as in example 2.
And (3) test results: the test groups 2, 4 and 5 can not effectively identify the seed purity, and are not suitable for identifying the wheat seed purity; test groups 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 enable accurate identification of seed purity.
And (4) analyzing results: according to the test results of the test groups 1-3, 500 and 550 seeds can meet the identification requirements, but the scheme of the test group 1 saves more land; the sowing time of the test group 4 is too early, so that the seeds grow vigorously before winter and freeze injury is caused; strong seedlings are not easy to form in the late sowing of the test group 5, and some seedlings lack the ridges and cannot meet the identification requirements; the results of the test group 1, the test group 6 and the test group 7 show that when the row spacing is 25cm, all the characteristic characteristics of the samples with the plant spacing of 7cm can be fully expressed but are inconvenient for purity detection, all the characteristic characteristics of the samples with the plant spacing of 10cm and 15cm can be fully expressed and are convenient for purity detection, but land is wasted when the plant spacing is 15 cm; the results of the test group 1, the test group 8 and the test group 9 show that the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 40-60 kg per mu, the requirement of identification can be met, and the application amount of 40kg per mu is more economical from the viewpoint of reducing the cost.
The embodiment shows that the invention provides a field plot planting identification method of winter wheat seed purity, which comprises the following steps: (1) watering bottom moisture water on the selected land, and applying 35-45 kg of compound fertilizer per mu; (2) each seed sample is sowed in the same cell, and observation areas are arranged around the seed samples; each group of seed samples are sown in the same identification planting area, and protective rows are arranged around the identification planting area; (3) sowing seeds in the residential area and the protection row according to the standard that the row spacing is 23-27 cm and the plant spacing is 8-12 cm; (4) and identifying the purity of the wheat seeds. The method has reasonable seeding time, seeding grain number and seeding mode, can save manpower and material resources, can accurately identify the purity of the wheat seeds, reasonably applies the elimination value or the percentage value of the purity of different varieties, and accurately judges the batch of the accepted or eliminated seeds. The identification result is accurate, and reliable guidance is provided for wheat planting.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A field plot planting identification method for winter wheat seed purity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a land with consistent soil fertility and no quarantine pest and disease damage and weeds, and watering the soil with bottom moisture, wherein 35-45 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu;
(2) each seed sample is sowed in the same cell, and observation areas are arranged around the cell; each group of seed samples are sown in the same identification planting area, and protective rows are arranged around the identification planting area;
(3) sowing seeds in the residential area and the protection row according to the standard that the row spacing is 23-27 cm and the plant spacing is 8-12 cm;
(4) and identifying the purity of the wheat seeds.
2. The method for identifying winter wheat seed purity in field plot planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein said planting date is from 10 months 5 days to 10 months 15 days.
3. The method for identifying the winter wheat seed purity in the field plot planting manner as claimed in claim 2, wherein the number of seeds sowed in each plot is 480-520.
4. The method for identifying the winter wheat seed purity in the field plot as claimed in claim 3, wherein single-seed dibble seeding is adopted during the seeding.
5. The method for identifying the winter wheat seed purity in the field plot planting manner as claimed in claim 4, wherein the sowing depth is 3-5 cm.
6. The method for identifying the winter wheat seed purity in the field plot planting manner as claimed in claim 5, wherein the number of rows in each plot during sowing is 5-20.
7. The method for identifying winter wheat seed purity in field plot planting according to claim 6, wherein the number of said protection rows is 6-9 rows.
8. The method for identifying the winter wheat seed purity in the field by planting in the residential areas as claimed in claim 7, wherein the identification planting areas consist of residential areas and observation areas, and the intervals between the residential areas are 60-80 cm.
9. The method for identifying winter wheat seed purity in field plot planting as claimed in claim 8, wherein said identification period is seedling stage and mature stage.
10. The method for identifying winter wheat seed purity in field plot planting according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the seedling stage identification items are coleoptile color, seedling habit and seedling color, and the maturity stage identification items are plant height, stem wax, flag leaf sheath wax, flag leaf angle, stem color, ear length, small ear growing density, small ear number, spike shape, type of awn, awn color and length of awn, glume protection color and shape, glume protection fuzz, glume protection beak length, spike number, ear wax, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, leaf fuzz, glume protection shoulder shape, glume protection ridge and spike axis hair.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114532165A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-27 | 延安市农业科学研究所 | Method for preventing hybrid planting by crop variety resource propagation |
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2021
- 2021-03-23 CN CN202110309381.1A patent/CN112931099A/en active Pending
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