CN112913487A - Pinus massoniana high-age mother tree cutting seedling method - Google Patents
Pinus massoniana high-age mother tree cutting seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting seedling method for an old mother tree of pinus massoniana, which comprises the steps of nursery land selection, seedbed establishment, spraying system erection, substrate disinfection, scion collection, scion treatment, scion cuttage, cuttage later-stage management, seedling transplantation and the like. The cutting seedling method provided by the invention is simple and feasible, overcomes the difficult cutting rooting and rooting age effect of the old masson pine, ensures that the cutting rooting rate of the 10-year-old masson pine mother tree can reach 75 percent, can provide reference for the large-scale production of the excellent clone cutting seedlings of the old masson pine, and realizes the large-scale production of the excellent clone cutting seedlings of the old masson pine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forestry, in particular to a method for raising seedlings of Pinus massoniana through cutting.
Background
The masson Pine (Pine massoniana) is the most widely distributed Pine in China and belongs to the native tree species, has fast growth, good material quality and barren resistance, is the pioneer tree species for forestation, plays an important ecological role in conserving water sources, improving soil and the like, and is also an important economic tree species which is widely applied to the aspects of fat production, building, papermaking, health care and the like. In order to more fully exploit the value of the masson pine, a large number of excellent masson pine clones are bred, such as high-seed masson pine clones, high-lipid masson pine clones and pine nematode resistant masson pine clones. However, the propagation and application of the bred excellent pinus massoniana clone face a problem that the pinus massoniana is difficult to root by cutting, especially for excellent pinus massoniana clone mother trees growing for more than 5 years.
The cutting is a vegetative propagation mode, the seedlings can keep genetic materials and corresponding excellent characteristics of the mother trees, compared with two vegetative propagation modes of grafting and tissue culture, the cutting is simple and feasible, the cost is low, and the method is suitable for large-scale vegetative propagation of the seedlings. The cuttage test of the pinus massoniana is reported in Guangdong, Hubei, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guizhou, but most of selected scion stock trees grow for less than 5 years, the scion rooting rate of high-age stock trees is generally low, and the rooting rate of 9-year-old pinus massoniana is 31%. The reason is that the masson pine belongs to a tree species difficult to root and has strong age effect, and the spike rooting rate of the mother tree growing for more than 5 years is obviously reduced compared with the mother tree growing for less than 5 years due to the increase of the content of endogenous rooting inhibiting substances. The method for producing and cutting masson pine suitable for 10 years and above on a large scale has not been reported. This hinders the application and popularization of excellent clones with the age of more than 5 years, and the economic and environmental value of the clones is exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for raising seedlings of Pinus massoniana high-age mother trees by cutting, which solves the problem of low rooting rate of Pinus massoniana high-age mother trees by cutting in the prior art, and is simple, reliable and low in cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cutting seedling method for an old mother tree of pinus massoniana comprises the following steps:
selecting a nursery land: the method comprises the following steps of (1) establishing a cutting garden in an area with gentle topography, good drainage, sufficient illumination, convenient water source and convenient traffic;
establishing a seedbed: a seedbed is established on the nursery, and the seedbed consists of an outer wall and an inner water filtering layer and a substrate. The enclosure is built by single bricks, the height is 40cm, the width is 1.2m, the length can be set according to the specific geographical conditions of the garden or the production requirements, and a drainage hole is reserved at the bottom of the enclosure every half meter to discharge the excess water inside. And laying a water filtering layer with the thickness of about 30cm into the enclosing wall, dividing into three layers, laying a broken brick layer with the thickness of about 10cm at the lower layer, laying a stone layer with the thickness of about 10cm at the middle layer, and laying coarse river sand with the thickness of about 10cm at the upper layer. And laying a substrate with the thickness of 10cm on the drainage layer, preferably, selecting coarse river sand with the particle size of 4-8 meshes as the substrate. The water filtering layer is enclosed inside by the enclosing wall, and the water filtering layer and the matrix are stabilized.
Erecting a spraying system: installing a spraying system on the seedbed, wherein the spraying system consists of a pipeline system, an electromagnetic valve arranged in the pipeline system and a moisture sensing controller in signal connection with the electromagnetic valve, and the moisture sensing controller is used for detecting the moisture evaporation capacity on the surface of the scion; the pipeline system comprises a water delivery pipe network, one end of the water delivery pipe network is connected with water sources (tap water, wells and the like), water in the water sources is neutral or slightly acidic, the other end of the water delivery pipe network is connected with a plurality of atomized water sprayers, the atomized water sprayers are fixed on the seedbed by inserted rods at the height of 0.5m, and the seedbed is provided with one atomized water sprayer every 1 m. Wherein: the moisture sensing controller adopts an LK-100 miniature sprinkling irrigation intelligent controller which is purchased from China forest academy of sciences, a sensor connected with the LK-100 miniature sprinkling irrigation intelligent controller can detect the evaporation capacity of the moisture on the surface of the cutting, when the evaporation capacity reaches a preset value, the electromagnetic valve is automatically opened for spraying, and the electromagnetic valve is closed to stop spraying after the set spraying time is reached.
Matrix disinfection: one week before cuttage, 0.05kg/m of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is used2The dosage is uniformly sprinkled on the matrix, and the matrix is turned over by a rake, so that the drug is uniformly received.
Collecting spike strips: collecting the current-year semi-lignified young shoots for cuttage, wherein the length of the prepared spikes is 8 cm. Ear harvesting time should be scheduled before 10 am and after 16 pm (rainy day can be performed all day long). Binding the ear strips into bundles and registering the labels. The cutting is required to be kept at low temperature and moisture and avoid pollution in the processes of preparation, transportation, storage and treatment.
Ear treatment: soaking the scion wood for 30 s-1 min by using 800 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim powder, taking out the scion wood, controlling water, and then dipping NAA-IBA rooting powder for cuttage.
Cutting the scion wood: before cuttage, starting a spraying system to thoroughly pour the matrix, and then inserting the scion into the matrix for 3cm, wherein the plant row spacing is 5 x 5 cm;
and (3) performing cuttage later-stage management: and (3) managing the leaf surface moisture of the scion wood by using a spraying system after cuttage, setting an evaporation coefficient according to the evaporation capacity when the water film loss of the leaf surfaces of the scion wood reaches 3/4, and setting the spraying time length by taking the shortest time for spraying all the leaf surfaces as a standard. And the evaporation coefficient and the spraying time are adjusted according to the climate change.
And after the cuttage is finished, spraying 800 times of diluent of carbendazim, chlorothalonil or thiophanate methyl for disinfection every 7-10 days, wherein the dosage is 1L per square meter, and the antibacterial agents are alternately used. Sterilizing and spraying at the evening; the spraying should be carried out once after wind and rain.
Weeding is carried out along with the seedbed at any time according to the principle of removing early, small and except weeds.
Transplanting the seedlings: after 2 months, most of the scions have rooted, the substrate at the root of the nursery stock can be carefully removed, and transplanting is carried out. Or the seedlings can be transplanted after the growth and lignification of the seedlings stop in autumn or before the seedlings germinate and sprout in spring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is simple and feasible, overcomes the difficult cutting rooting and rooting age effect of the pinus massoniana, improves the cutting rooting rate of the high-age pinus massoniana mother tree, and can provide reference for the large-scale production of high-quality clone cutting seedlings of the high-age pinus massoniana.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A cutting seedling method for an old mother tree of pinus massoniana comprises the following steps:
selecting a nursery land: in 2017, in 12 months, a cutting test nursery is established in an area with gentle topography, good drainage, sufficient illumination, convenient water source and convenient traffic in Anhui fertilizer;
establishing a seedbed: and in 2018, a seedbed is established on the nursery land in 1 month, and the seedbed consists of an outer wall, an inner water filtering layer and a matrix. The enclosure wall is built by single bricks, the height is 40cm, the width is 1.2m, and the length is 12 m; and a drainage hole is reserved at the bottom of the enclosing wall every half meter to drain excess water in the enclosing wall. And laying a water filtering layer with the thickness of about 30cm into the enclosing wall, dividing into three layers, laying a broken brick layer with the thickness of about 10cm at the lower layer, laying a stone layer with the thickness of about 10cm at the middle layer, and laying coarse river sand with the thickness of about 10cm at the upper layer. A substrate with the thickness of 10cm is paved on the drainage layer, and in the embodiment, the substrate is selected from coarse river sand with the grain diameter of 4-8 meshes.
Erecting a spraying system: installing a spraying system on the seedbed in 2018 and 4 months, wherein the spraying system consists of a pipeline system, an electromagnetic valve arranged in the pipeline system and a moisture sensing controller in signal connection with the electromagnetic valve, and the moisture sensing controller is used for detecting the evaporation capacity of the moisture on the surface of the scion; the pipeline system comprises a water delivery pipe network, one end of the water delivery pipe network is connected with water sources (tap water, wells and the like), water in the water sources is neutral or slightly acidic, the other end of the water delivery pipe network is connected with a plurality of atomized water sprayers, the atomized water sprayers are fixed on the seedbed by inserted rods at the height of 0.5m, and the seedbed is provided with one atomized water sprayer every 1 m. Wherein: the moisture sensing controller adopts an LK-100 miniature sprinkling irrigation intelligent controller which is purchased from China forest academy of sciences, a sensor connected with the LK-100 miniature sprinkling irrigation intelligent controller can detect the evaporation capacity of the moisture on the surface of the cutting, when the evaporation capacity reaches a preset value, the electromagnetic valve is automatically opened for spraying, and the electromagnetic valve is closed to stop spraying after the set spraying time is reached.
Matrix disinfection: in 2018, 5 months and 15 days, 50% carbendazim wettable powder (50% of carbendazim, purchased from Jiangsu Sanshan pesticide Co., Ltd.) is used according to the proportion of 0.05kg/m2The dosage is uniformly sprinkled on the matrix, and the matrix is turned over by a rake, so that the drug is uniformly received.
Collecting spike strips: collecting annual semi-lignified young shoots of 10-year-old masson pines in a 10-year-old masson pine forest farm of whole pepper county, Chuzhou city, Shanshan mountain forest land pine wood nematode disease resistant masson pine harvesting orchard in 2018, 5-month and 23-month, bundling the young shoots into bundles by using a rubber band, hanging labels according to clone numbers, immediately putting the ear strips into a heat-preservation foam box filled with water and an ice bag, ensuring that the bottoms of the ear strips are immersed in the water, spraying water on the young shoots after the collected young shoots are filled into one box, paving wet towels on the young shoots, and then covering a cover of the foam box. And (5) transporting the packaged young shoots back to the compost cutting test base. And uniformly trimming young shoots into 8cm long ear strips.
Ear treatment: soaking the scion wood for 30 s-1 min by using 800 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, taking out the scion wood, draining excessive water, and dipping NAA-IBA rooting powder at the bottom of the scion wood for cuttage.
Cutting the scion wood: before cuttage, starting a spraying system to thoroughly pour the matrix, and then inserting the scion into the matrix for 3cm, wherein the plant row spacing is 5 x 5 cm;
and (3) performing cuttage later-stage management: managing the leaf surface moisture of the scion wood by using a spraying system after cuttage, and setting an evaporation coefficient according to the evaporation capacity when the water film loss of the leaf surfaces of the scion wood reaches 3/4; the evaporation coefficient in 5 months was set to 2, and the spraying time was set to 15 seconds based on the shortest time to wet all the leaf surfaces. In 6 months, the temperature of the compost is increased, the sunshine is enhanced, the evaporation coefficient is adjusted to be 1, and the spraying time is adjusted to be 20 seconds.
Sterilization and disease prevention: and after the cuttage is finished, spraying a sterilizing agent diluent on the whole seedbed every 7-10 days for disinfection, wherein the disinfection is usually carried out in the evening, and the sterilizing agent diluent is sprayed once after wind and rain are blown. The sterilizing agent comprises carbendazim (50% of Zhongbao carbendazim, purchased from Jiangsu san shan pesticide Co., Ltd.), chlorothalonil (75% of Bai nong Si Da Jun Qing, Shandong Bai nong Si Da Biotech Co., Ltd.) and thiophanate methyl (70% of Ricao methyl thiophanate, Jiangsu Longdeng chemical Co., Ltd.) and is diluted by 800 times when in use, and 1 liter of diluent is sprayed on a seedbed per square meter. In order to prevent the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, the three sterilizing agents are alternately used.
Weeding in a seedbed: the method is carried out at any time according to the principle of removing early, removing small and removing.
Transplanting the seedlings: most of the scions have rooted in 8 months in 2018, the seedlings are left to be planted in 3 months in 2019, the matrix at the roots of the seedlings is carefully removed, and transplanting is carried out.
Comparative example
In order to make the technical innovation, advantages and benefits of the present invention more comprehensible, specific comparative examples are further described below.
Selecting a nursery land: in 2017, in 12 months, a cutting test nursery is established in an area with gentle topography, good drainage, sufficient illumination, convenient water source and convenient traffic in Anhui fertilizer;
establishing a seedbed: and in 2018, a seedbed is established on the nursery land in 1 month, and the seedbed consists of an outer wall, an inner water filtering layer and a matrix. The enclosing wall is built by single bricks, the height is 20cm, the width is 1.3m, and the length is 12 m; and a drainage hole is reserved at the bottom of the enclosing wall every half meter to drain excess water in the enclosing wall. The wall is internally paved with 10cm thick stones as drainage water, and then paved with 10cm thick coarse river sand with the grain diameter of 4-8 meshes as a substrate.
Erecting a greenhouse and a sunshade net: and 4, in 2018, in order to prevent the cutting slips from being dried up due to excessive water loss, a greenhouse shed and a sunshade net are arranged on the seedbed. The greenhouse arch shed is 0.5m high and is built by bamboo strips and transparent agricultural films. The shading degree of the shading net is 75 percent, and the shading net is fixed at the position of 2m on the seedbed by a rope and a bamboo pole to shade direct sunlight.
Matrix disinfection: in 2018, 5 months and 15 days, 0.05kg/m of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder is used2The dosage is uniformly sprinkled on the matrix, and the matrix is turned over by a rake, so that the drug is uniformly received.
Collecting spike strips: collecting annual semi-lignified young shoots of 10-year-old masson pines in a 10-year-old masson pine forest farm of whole pepper county, Chuzhou city, Shanshan mountain forest land pine wood nematode disease resistant masson pine harvesting orchard in 2018, 5-month and 23-month, bundling the young shoots into bundles by using a rubber band, hanging labels according to clone numbers, immediately putting the ear strips into a heat-preservation foam box filled with water and an ice bag, ensuring that the bottoms of the ear strips are immersed in the water, spraying water on the young shoots after the collected young shoots are filled into one box, paving wet towels on the young shoots, and then covering a cover of the foam box. And (5) transporting the packaged young shoots back to the compost cutting test base. And uniformly trimming young shoots into 8cm long ear strips.
Ear treatment: soaking the scion wood for 30 s-1 min by using 800 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim powder, taking out the scion wood, draining excessive water, and dipping NAA-IBA rooting powder at the bottom of the scion wood for cuttage.
Cutting the scion wood: before cuttage, watering the substrate thoroughly, inserting the scion into the substrate by 3cm, and keeping the plant row spacing at 5 x 5 cm;
and (3) performing cuttage later-stage management: and immediately covering the transparent agricultural film of the greenhouse shed after the cuttage is finished, compacting four sides of the greenhouse shed by sand bags, and keeping the interior of the greenhouse sealed. The film was observed every morning for condensation of water mist, and when no water mist was present, the film was peeled off and the substrate was sprayed with an electric knapsack sprayer (from a blue sky plant protection facility) until the substrate was completely poured through.
Sterilization and disease prevention: and (4) uncovering the film to comprehensively spray disinfectant diluent on the seedbed for disinfection every 7-10 days after the cuttage is finished, and immediately covering the film and sealing. Spray disinfection is usually carried out in the evening, and the spray is carried out once after wind and rain. The sterilizing agent comprises carbendazim (50% of Zhongbao carbendazim, purchased from Jiangsu san shan pesticide Co., Ltd.), chlorothalonil (75% of Bai nong Si Da Jun Qing, Shandong Bai nong Si Da Biotech Co., Ltd.) and thiophanate methyl (70% of Ricao methyl thiophanate, Jiangsu Longdeng chemical Co., Ltd.) and is diluted by 800 times when in use, and 1 liter of diluent is sprayed on a seedbed per square meter. In order to prevent the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, the three sterilizing agents are alternately used.
Weeding in a seedbed: the method is carried out at any time according to the principle of removing early, removing small and removing.
Transplanting the seedlings: and (4) checking the rooting condition of the scions by 3 months in 2019, carefully removing the matrix of the roots of the rooted scions, and transplanting.
According to the invention, the influence of different cuttage methods, matrixes, materials, scion treatment, time and other factors on the cuttage rooting rate, the indefinite root number, the indefinite root average diameter, the longest indefinite root length, the total root length, the side root number and the rooting effect index of the scion of the Pinus massoniana clonal line resistant to the 10-year pine wilt disease is analyzed by carrying out multiple cuttage experiments on Anhui, and the propagation technology suitable for the cuttage seedlings of the high-age Pinus massoniana mother trees is found. Compared with a comparative example, the technology is more reliable, the highest rooting rate of the 10-year-old pine wood nematode resistant masson pine clone can reach 75%, and the spike in the comparative example does not root completely.
The cutting seedling raising method provided by the invention realizes automatic spraying by erecting a spraying system, can keep the scion wood in a humid environment, does not need to set a greenhouse for keeping humidity and a shading net for preventing direct sunlight from increasing evaporation capacity and the like on a seedbed, and is full-light in the growth process of the scion wood, so that the accumulation of photosynthetic products of the scion wood is facilitated, and rooting is promoted. Meanwhile, the repeated spraying is matched with the coarse river sand with strong water permeability, so that the old air in the matrix is continuously taken away by the sprayed and fallen water flow and is brought into the fresh air, the spike base is always in an environment with sufficient oxygen, the metabolism of the spike base is facilitated, and the rooting is promoted. Therefore, the 10-year-old mother scions of the masson pine can overcome the difficult rooting characteristic of the tree species and the age effect of the tree species to realize rooting. The technology saves more manpower, the later management does not need to be checked every day, the labor input cost is reduced, and the technology is suitable for the scale of cutting seedling production. In addition, the invention selects semi-lignified young shoots with high endogenous phytohormone content as the cuttings and carries out rooting powder treatment on the cuttings, thereby improving the rooting rate of the cuttings. The technology can provide technical reference for the large-scale production of cutting seedlings of the excellent clones of the masson pine with high tree age including the pine wilt disease resistance clones, and promotes the popularization and the planting of the excellent clones of the masson pine and the exertion of benefits.
Claims (7)
1. A cutting seedling method for an old mother tree of pinus massoniana is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
selecting a nursery land: the method comprises the following steps of (1) establishing a cutting garden in an area with gentle topography, good drainage, sufficient illumination, convenient water source and convenient traffic;
establishing a seedbed: establishing a seedbed on a nursery, wherein a drain hole is reserved at the bottom of the seedbed, and the seedbed comprises a water filtering layer and a substrate paved on the water filtering layer;
erecting a spraying system: installing a spraying system on the seedbed, wherein the spraying system comprises a pipeline system, an electromagnetic valve arranged in the pipeline system and a moisture sensing controller in signal connection with the electromagnetic valve, and the moisture sensing controller is used for detecting the moisture evaporation capacity of the surface of the scion; the pipeline system comprises a water conveying pipe network, one end of the water conveying pipe network is connected with a water source, the other end of the water conveying pipe network is connected with a plurality of atomized water sprayers, and the atomized water sprayers are fixed above the seedbed;
matrix disinfection: before cutting, disinfecting the substrate;
collecting spike strips: collecting the annual semi-lignified young shoots as spike strips;
ear treatment: soaking the scion wood in a sterilization solution for sterilization treatment, taking out the scion wood and soaking the scion wood with rooting powder for cuttage;
cutting the scion wood: before cutting, watering the substrate thoroughly with water, and then inserting the scion into the substrate;
and (3) performing cuttage later-stage management: after cuttage, a spraying system is used for managing the water of the leaf surfaces of the scion branches, the water of the environment where the scion branches are located is well controlled, and sterilization, disease prevention and weeding work are carried out in time;
transplanting the seedlings: after the scion shoots, the scion can be taken out from the seedbed for transplantation.
2. The Pinus massoniana senior parent tree cutting seedling method according to claim 1, wherein: in the seedbed establishing step, the water filtering layer comprises three layers, namely a broken brick layer, a stone layer and a coarse river sand layer from bottom to top in sequence; the matrix is coarse river sand, and the particle size of the coarse river sand is 4-8 meshes.
3. The Pinus massoniana senior parent tree cutting seedling method according to claim 2, wherein: and enclosing walls are bricked at the peripheral sides of the seedbeds.
4. The Pinus massoniana senior parent tree cutting seedling method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of substrate disinfection, the time for substrate disinfection is arranged one week before cuttage, and the disinfection method is to use 50% carbendazim powder according to 0.05kg/m2The dosage is uniformly sprinkled on the matrix, and the matrix is turned over by a rake, so that the drug is uniformly received.
5. The Pinus massoniana senior parent tree cutting seedling method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of collecting the ear strips, the collection time of the ear strips is carried out before 10 am and after 16 pm; when the weather is rainy, the operation is carried out all day; the length of the ear strips is 8 cm.
6. The Pinus massoniana senior parent tree cutting seedling method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of processing the scion, the sterilizing solution is a diluent of 50% carbendazim powder, and the scion is soaked in the sterilizing solution for 30 s-1 min.
7. The Pinus massoniana senior parent tree cutting seedling method according to claim 1, wherein: in the management step of the later period of cuttage, the method for sterilizing and preventing diseases comprises the following steps: after the cuttage is finished, spraying diluent of carbendazim, chlorothalonil or thiophanate methyl for disinfection at intervals of 7-10 days, and alternately using the diluent and the antibacterial agent; the sterilization is carried out in the evening, and the spraying is carried out once after the weather of wind and rain occurs.
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