CN106900453B - Indoor planting method for pearl plums - Google Patents

Indoor planting method for pearl plums Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106900453B
CN106900453B CN201710071371.2A CN201710071371A CN106900453B CN 106900453 B CN106900453 B CN 106900453B CN 201710071371 A CN201710071371 A CN 201710071371A CN 106900453 B CN106900453 B CN 106900453B
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planting
basin
fertilizer
pearl
days
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CN106900453A (en
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谢志远
赵秀芳
张涛
宋国香
王振宇
朱晓博
张清
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Tianjin Teda Green Technology Group Co ltd
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Tianjin Teda Greening Group Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an indoor planting method of pearl plums, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing fertile sandy cultivation soil and a base fertilizer suitable for the initial growth of the pearl plum seedlings, uniformly mixing and then sterilizing; 2) selecting a tile basin with a drain hole at the bottom and good air permeability as a planting basin, selecting a porcelain basin or a glaze basin with no drain hole at the bottom and exquisite appearance as an external sleeve basin, filling sponge in the drain hole at the bottom of the tile basin after disinfection treatment, and uniformly paving 1-3 cm-thick quartz sand in the tile basin; 3) selecting good growing pearl plum seedlings; 4) transferring the pearl plum seedlings into a planting pot, filling planting soil, sterilizing and placing in a ventilated and visible place; 5) managing fertilizer and water; 6) and shaping and trimming. The planting method provided by the invention is used for indoor planting of potted pearl plums, the survival rate of the pearl plums is improved, the vegetative growth period is shortened, the ornamental period is prolonged, and the indoor greening landscape effect is improved.

Description

Indoor planting method for pearl plums
Technical Field
The invention relates to an indoor planting method of plants, in particular to a planting method of pearl plums.
Background
The pearl plum (Sorbaria sorbifolia) and shrub are named because the flower buds are round and white like pearls, and the flowers are like plums. The natural products are produced in northern Asia, and are distributed in Hebei, Gansu, Shandong, Shanxi, inner Mongolia and Jiangsu provinces in China. The flowering period of the pearl plum is 7-8 months, the fruit period is 9 months, and the effect of solitary planting, row planting and cluster planting is excellent; the flower and leaf are beautiful, the growth is fast, the tillering is easy, the flowering phase is long, and the summer flower season is less, so the method is a summer ornamental tree species which is very popular in garden application.
The pearls are plum-loving sandy loam with good illumination and drainage, are cold-resistant, pruning-resistant and half-shading-resistant, and can obviously improve the greening effect of indoor landscapes. Although the indoor environment is relatively stable, the volume of the potted soil is fixed, and the nutrient in the soil is seriously lost along with the irrigation of water, so that the nutrient deficiency of plants is easily caused; the closed environment, improper illumination, watering and fertilization all easily cause the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of the pearl plum and seriously affect the ornamental value. Therefore, the indoor planting and maintenance of the pearl plums are difficult and difficult to manage.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an indoor planting method of pearl plums.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an indoor planting method of pearl plums comprises the following steps:
1) preparing fertile sandy cultivation soil and a base fertilizer suitable for the initial growth of the pearl plum seedlings, uniformly mixing and then sterilizing;
2) selecting a tile basin with a drain hole at the bottom as a planting basin, selecting a porcelain basin or a glaze basin without a drain hole at the bottom as an external sleeve basin, filling sponge into the drain hole at the bottom of the tile basin after disinfection treatment, and uniformly paving 1-3 cm-thick quartz sand in the tile basin;
3) selecting good growing pearl plum seedlings;
4) transferring the pearl plum seedlings into a planting pot, filling planting soil, sterilizing and placing in a ventilated and visible place;
5) managing fertilizer and water;
6) and shaping and trimming.
Further, the sandy cultivation soil in the step 1) is prepared by uniformly mixing garden soil, pond sludge, river sand and sawdust, and the volume ratio of the garden soil to the pond sludge is 5:2:2: 1. The base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing a compound fertilizer and a cake fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1:70, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20-40 g of base fertilizer mixed in each kilogram of cultivation soil, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the compound fertilizer is 3:1: 1. The cake fertilizer is fully decomposed cotton seed cakes.
After the cultivation soil and the base fertilizer are uniformly mixed, the mixture is uniformly sprayed by diluting with 75% carbendazim by 500-1000 times, the mixture is covered and sealed by a plastic film for 1-2 days after being uniformly stirred, and the cultivation soil is selected to be dried outdoors in clear weather for 1-2 days after the film is uncovered.
Further, the specifications of the clay pot in the step 2) are that the inner diameter of the pot is 25cm, the outer diameter is 26cm, and the depth is 25 cm; the specifications of the porcelain basin or the glaze basin are that the inner diameter of the basin is 27cm, the outer diameter of the basin is 28cm, and the depth of the basin is 27 cm;
the disinfection treatment of the planting pot and the external sleeve pot is to adopt potassium permanganate solution to soak, wash with clean water and dry. When the planting pot and the outer sleeve pot are reused old pots, soaking for 1-2 hours by adopting 800-900 times of potassium permanganate; when the planting pot and the outer sleeve pot are new pots, the planting pot and the outer sleeve pot are soaked in the potassium permanganate solution of 900-1000 times for 0.5-1 hour.
Selecting the pearl plums which are more than 5 years old, strong in development, free of plant diseases and insect pests and more in tillering as mother plants, and selecting the branch plants as planting seedlings; the plant division method comprises the steps of digging soil around a stock plant, cutting the soil at a position close to the stock plant at a gap between the stock plant and a sprout, wherein the cut is required to be flat and smooth; each plant needs 2-3 sprouts, 10-25 cm long root hairs are reserved, and the integrity of the plant-dividing soil balls is guaranteed; then, immediately smearing tree wound healing agent on parent plant and branch plant wound for repairing treatment; the smearing method comprises the step of dipping the wound healing agent with a brush for even smearing on the wound and the periphery of the wound within 1-1.5 cm.
The step 4) is to select 1 plant per pot for planting, fill the cultivation soil to reach the plant base, expose each bud to the soil surface, cover the soil to reach 90% of the pot height after compacting; the disinfection is to uniformly spray the whole plant of the pearl plum by adopting 500-800 times of chlorothalonil. Then placing the glass substrate on a glass substrate with a light shading rate not higher than 50% and good ventilation conditions; after 7-10 days, placing the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite material on a balcony or a windowsill which is sufficiently illuminated and well ventilated.
The fertilizer and water management of the step 5) comprises water application management and fertilizer application management;
watering thoroughly immediately after planting, and watering for 3-5 times every 1-3 days at the initial stage of planting; and after the seedlings spend the planting adaptation period, watering every 3-5 days in spring and autumn, watering every 1-3 days in summer, and watering every 10-15 days in winter, wherein all watering time is before 9 am.
The fertilizer application management comprises the steps of after plants are planted for one month, root-irrigating 1 time of thin liquid fertilizer A every 7-10 days, wherein the thin liquid fertilizer A is 900-1000 times diluted liquid of a compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 3:1: 1; irrigating the thin liquid fertilizer B for 1 time at intervals of 6-8 days 15-20 days before the flowering phase; and after the flowering phase of the pearl plums, filling the diluted liquid fertilizer B for 1 time every month. The thin liquid fertilizer B is 900-1000 times diluted compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 1:3: 2; and (3) irrigating the diluted liquid fertilizer C for 1 time every 20 to 30 days in autumn and winter, wherein the diluted liquid fertilizer C is a 1000-1200-time diluted liquid of the compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 2:1: 2. All fertilization times were 9 am ago.
The step 6) is that pruning is carried out on the 3 rd year of the growth of the potted pearl plants according to different seasons, the pruning method is that thinning is carried out in 2-3 months, two thirds of the total length of overlapped branches and crossed branches are pruned, and one third of the total length of over-dense branches is pruned; trimming one third of the total length of the vigorous bare branches in 4-5 months, and picking off one third of the sprouts; removing sprouts and picking buds in 6-9 months, stretching middle branches of the plants or hanging proper weights at the bases of the branches to promote the branches to develop into horizontal branches and downward vertical branches, promoting the middle and lower parts of the plants to be plump, balancing the shape of the whole plants, and ensuring ventilation and light transmission; pruning residual flowers and dead leaves in 10-11 months, specifically, pruning the residual flowers and two buds at the lower part of the flower spikes, pruning weak branches, branches with diseases and pests and dead branches, and pruning one third of the total length of the branches which grow vigorously in the current year.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the traditional planting method, the method provides a technical example for indoor planting application of the pearl plums, and improves the indoor greening landscape effect.
The planting method provided by the invention is used for indoor planting of the pearl plums, the survival rate and the ornamental value of the pearl plums are improved, the ornamental period of the pearl plums is prolonged, and the problems of long vegetative growth period, insufficient nutrients and the like of the pearl plums are solved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples for the purpose of illustrating the spirit and objects of the present invention.
Example 1
The method is applied to a water and salt migration simulation room of research center of Tianjin Taida greening group Limited company, and is planted in the middle 3 months.
An indoor planting method of pearl plums comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing fertile sandy cultivation soil and a base fertilizer suitable for initial growth of the pearl plum seedlings, wherein the sandy cultivation soil is prepared by uniformly mixing garden soil, pond sludge, river sand and sawdust according to a volume ratio of 5:2:2:1, and the fertilizing amount is 30g of the base fertilizer mixed in each kilogram of cultivation soil. The base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer and the cake fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1: 70. The compound fertilizer is a commercial cotton seed cake with the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 3:1:1, the cake fertilizer is fully decomposed cotton seed cake, after the cultivation soil and the base fertilizer are uniformly mixed, the cotton seed cake is uniformly sprayed by diluting with 75% carbendazim by 800 times, the mixture is covered and sealed by a plastic film for 2 days after being uniformly stirred, and the plastic film is uncovered and aired outside in clear weather for 2 days, namely the cultivation soil.
Step two, selecting a tile basin with a drain hole at the bottom and good air permeability as a planting basin, wherein the specifications of the tile basin are that the inner diameter of the basin is 25cm, the outer diameter is 26cm and the depth is 25 cm; a porcelain basin without a drain hole at the bottom and exquisite in appearance is selected as an external sleeve basin, and the specifications of the porcelain basin are that the inner diameter is 27cm, the outer diameter is 28cm and the depth is 27 cm. And (3) soaking the newly purchased basin for 0.5h by adopting 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for disinfection treatment, washing with clear water and drying. And filling sponge into a drainage hole at the bottom of the tile basin, wherein the sponge is in full contact with the bottom of the external sleeve basin. Uniformly paving quartz sand with the thickness of 2 centimeters in the tile basin;
step three, selecting the pearl plums which are more than 5 years old, strong in development, free of plant diseases and insect pests and more in tillering as mother plants, and selecting the branch plants as planting seedlings; the plant division method comprises the steps of digging soil around a stock plant, cutting the position, close to the stock plant, of a gap between the stock plant and a sprout as much as possible, wherein the cut is flat and smooth, 2-3 sprouts exist in each plant division, 10-25 cm long root hairs are reserved, and the plant division soil ball is complete. And then, immediately dipping the wound healing agent by using a brush in the parent plant and branch plant wounds and within the range of 1-1.5 cm of the periphery of the wounds to be coated on the wound of the tree for repairing treatment, wherein the wound healing agent is uniformly and thoroughly coated, and a coating layer does not sag.
And step four, selecting 1 plant per pot for planting, filling cultivation soil to reach the base of the plant, compacting, covering soil to reach the height of 90% of the pot height, and exposing each bud to the soil surface. The 700 times of chlorothalonil liquid is adopted to uniformly spray the whole pearl plum. Then placing the glass substrate on a glass substrate with a light shading rate not higher than 50% and good ventilation conditions; after 7 days, the window is placed at a well-ventilated windowsill with sufficient light.
And step five, immediately watering thoroughly after planting to ensure that water slightly seeps out of the tile pot. Watering every 3 days for 3 times in the early planting stage; after the seedlings spend the planting adaptation period, watering every 4 days in spring and autumn, watering every 2 days in summer and watering every 12 days in winter according to the principle that dryness and wetness appear. All watering time is 9 am, the moisture condition of the pearl plums is checked again after four afternoons, and if the leaf wilting phenomenon is found, targeted watering is needed again.
After plants are planted for one month, 1-time diluted liquid fertilizer A is irrigated every 10 days, wherein the diluted liquid fertilizer A is a 1000-time diluted liquid of a compound fertilizer (commercial flower is more than 10) with the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 3:1: 1; and (3) filling the diluted liquid fertilizer B for 1 time every 7 days 20 days before the flowering phase, and filling the diluted liquid fertilizer B for 1 time every month after the pearl plums enter the flowering phase. The thin liquid fertilizer B is 900 times diluted by a compound fertilizer (the commercial flower is more than 2) with the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 1:3: 2; in autumn and winter, the indoor temperature is high, the growth of plants is still good, 1 time of diluted liquid fertilizer C is irrigated every 30 days, and the diluted liquid fertilizer C is a 1000-time diluted liquid of a compound fertilizer (No. 8 flowers sold on the market) with the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 2:1: 2. All fertilization times were 9 am.
Step six, carrying out proper pruning on the growth of the separated plant of the pearl plum in 3 rd year according to different seasons, carrying out proper thinning in the middle ten days of 2 months, pruning two thirds of the total length of overlapped branches and crossed branches, pruning one third of the total length of over-dense branches, and ensuring the ventilation and light transmission of the whole plant; trimming one third of the total length of the vigorous bare branches in late 4 months, and removing one third of the sprouts; and removing excessive sprouts in the middle ten days of 8 months in time, and removing strong sprouts on the back, which influence illumination and tree forms, in an important way. Stretching the middle branch of the plant or hanging a proper weight on the base of the branch to promote the branch to develop into a horizontal branch and a downward vertical branch, so that the middle lower part of the plant is full, the shape of the whole plant is balanced, and ventilation and light transmission are ensured; cutting off two buds at the lower parts of the residual flower and the flower spike in the last ten days of 11 months, trimming off weak branches, diseased and insect branches and dead branches, and trimming off one third of the total length of the robust branches in the current year.
By the treatment method, the survival rate of the pearl plums is 95 percent, the growth is rapid, the plants are full, and the branches and leaves are clear. The flowers are just bloomed in 3 rd year, the inflorescence is dense and white like snow, the flowering period lasts from 6 months to 10 months, and the indoor greening landscape effect is improved.

Claims (3)

1. An indoor planting method of pearl plums is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing fertile sandy cultivation soil and a base fertilizer suitable for the initial growth of the pearl plum seedlings, uniformly mixing and then sterilizing;
2) selecting a tile basin with a drain hole at the bottom as a planting basin, selecting a porcelain basin or a glaze basin without a drain hole at the bottom as an external sleeve basin, filling sponge into the drain hole at the bottom of the tile basin after disinfection treatment, and uniformly paving 1-3 cm-thick quartz sand in the tile basin;
3) selecting good growing pearl plum seedlings;
4) transferring the pearl plum seedlings into a planting pot, filling planting soil, sterilizing and placing in a ventilated and visible place;
5) managing fertilizer and water;
6) shaping and trimming;
the sandy cultivation soil in the step 1) is prepared by uniformly mixing garden soil, pond sludge, river sand and sawdust, and the corresponding volume ratio is 5:2:2: 1; the base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing a compound fertilizer and a cake fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1:70, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20-40 g of base fertilizer mixed in each kilogram of cultivation soil, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the compound fertilizer is 3:1: 1; the cake fertilizer is fully decomposed cotton seed cakes; uniformly mixing the cultivation soil and a base fertilizer, diluting the mixture by 500-1000 times with 75% carbendazim, uniformly spraying the mixture, turning the mixture uniformly, covering and sealing the mixture for 1-2 days by using a plastic film, and selecting an outdoor sunning day with clear weather for 1-2 days after the film is uncovered, namely the cultivation soil;
the fertilizer and water management of the step 5) comprises water application management and fertilizer application management;
watering thoroughly immediately after planting, and watering for 3-5 times every 1-3 days at the initial stage of planting; watering every 3-5 days in spring and autumn after the seedlings spend the planting adaptation period, watering every 1-3 days in summer, watering every 10-15 days in winter, and watering all the seedlings before 9 am;
the fertilizer application management comprises the steps of after plants are planted for one month, root-irrigating 1 time of thin liquid fertilizer A every 7-10 days, wherein the thin liquid fertilizer A is 900-1000 times diluted liquid of a compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 3:1: 1; irrigating the thin liquid fertilizer B for 1 time at intervals of 6-8 days 15-20 days before the flowering phase; after the pearl plums enter the flowering phase, filling the diluted liquid fertilizer B for 1 time every month; the thin liquid fertilizer B is 900-1000 times diluted compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 1:3: 2; in autumn and winter, 1-time diluted liquid fertilizer C is irrigated every 20-30 days, wherein the diluted liquid fertilizer C is a 1000-1200-time diluted liquid of a compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 2:1: 2; all fertilization times are before 9 am;
the specifications of the clay pot in the step 2) are that the inner diameter of the pot is 25cm, the outer diameter is 26cm, and the depth is 25 cm; the specifications of the porcelain basin or the glaze basin are that the inner diameter of the basin is 27cm, the outer diameter of the basin is 28cm, and the depth of the basin is 27 cm; the planting pot and the outer sleeve pot are sterilized by soaking in potassium permanganate solution, washing with clean water and drying; when the planting pot and the outer sleeve pot are reused old pots, soaking for 1-2 hours by adopting 800-900 times of potassium permanganate; when the planting pot and the outer sleeve pot are new pots, the planting pot and the outer sleeve pot are soaked in the potassium permanganate solution of 900-1000 times for 0.5-1 hour.
2. The indoor planting method of pearl plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein: selecting the pearl plums which are more than 5 years old, strong in development, free of plant diseases and insect pests and more in tillering as mother plants, and selecting the branch plants as planting seedlings; the plant division method comprises the steps of digging soil around a stock plant, cutting the soil at a position close to the stock plant at a gap between the stock plant and a sprout, wherein the cut is required to be flat and smooth; each plant needs 2-3 sprouts, 10-25 cm long root hairs are reserved, and the integrity of the plant-dividing soil balls is guaranteed; then, immediately smearing tree wound healing agent on parent plant and branch plant wound for repairing treatment; the smearing method comprises the step of dipping the wound healing agent with a brush for even smearing on the wound and the periphery of the wound within 1-1.5 cm.
3. The indoor planting method of pearl plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 4) is to select 1 plant per pot for planting, fill the cultivation soil to reach the plant base, expose each bud to the soil surface, cover the soil to reach 90% of the pot height after compacting; the sterilization is to uniformly spray the whole plant of the pearl plum by adopting 500-800 times of chlorothalonil; then placing the glass substrate on a glass substrate with a light shading rate not higher than 50% and good ventilation conditions; after 7-10 days, placing the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite material on a balcony or a windowsill which is sufficiently illuminated and well ventilated.
CN201710071371.2A 2017-02-09 2017-02-09 Indoor planting method for pearl plums Active CN106900453B (en)

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CN111771596A (en) * 2020-07-17 2020-10-16 靖宇县顺兴生态农业有限公司 Planting method of acanthopanax sessiliflorus

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CN202276670U (en) * 2011-09-22 2012-06-20 卢广达 Flowerpot for preventing soil loss
CN103444550A (en) * 2013-09-17 2013-12-18 南京通泽农业科技有限公司 Rapid propagation method of false spiraea
CN104255477A (en) * 2014-09-12 2015-01-07 南京通泽农业科技有限公司 Rapid propagation method for tissue culture of sorbaria arborea Schneid.

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