CN112903879B - Method and device for flame ionization detection of oxygen-containing samples - Google Patents

Method and device for flame ionization detection of oxygen-containing samples Download PDF

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CN112903879B
CN112903879B CN201911228910.4A CN201911228910A CN112903879B CN 112903879 B CN112903879 B CN 112903879B CN 201911228910 A CN201911228910 A CN 201911228910A CN 112903879 B CN112903879 B CN 112903879B
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sample
oxygen
correction
measured
gas
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CN112903879A (en
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黄弘毅
顾廷
张翠翠
加田智之
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Shimadzu Corp
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/62Detectors specially adapted therefor
    • G01N30/64Electrical detectors
    • G01N30/68Flame ionisation detectors

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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device for flame ionization detection of a sample containing oxygen, which can eliminate or reduce interference caused by oxygen contained in a sample gas without adjusting a pipeline system. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: a calibration step of providing a correction relationship established based on measured values obtained using a plurality of standard gases having different oxygen concentrations and a reasonable value, wherein the reasonable value is a measured value obtained using a standard gas containing no oxygen; a measurement step of measuring a sample to obtain a measured value of the sample; and a correction step of correcting the measured value obtained in the measurement step according to the oxygen concentration in the sample and the correction relation provided in the calibration step.

Description

Method and device for flame ionization detection of oxygen-containing samples
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of flame ionization detection, in particular to a method and a device for detecting flame ionization of a sample containing oxygen.
Background
The non-methane total hydrocarbon content of the samples can be conveniently measured using a differential method using a gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector (GC-FID, gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector) combination.
Referring to fig. 1, the existing gas chromatography-flame ionization detector combination instrument includes a total hydrocarbon column in which a packing is not generally provided and a methane column filled with a packing capable of separating Non-methane total hydrocarbons (NMHC, non-Methane Hydrocarbon) from methane.
In the measurement, the sample is first introduced into both the total hydrocarbon column and the methane column. During the flow of the total hydrocarbon column, the sample enters the FID (flame ionization detector ) to peak first because of no filler blocking; meanwhile, in the methane column, non-methane total hydrocarbons are gradually separated from methane. Then, continuing to forward the carrier gas, the methane in the methane column will move first to peak in the FID because of its lower molecular weight and weaker polarity. When the methane in the methane column is detected to completely peak, the flow path valve is used for changing the direction of the carrier gas, and the non-methane total hydrocarbon in the methane column is reversely blown out.
The total hydrocarbon content (THC, total Hydrocarbon) and the methane content of the sample can be obtained respectively by analyzing the peak-out result after the sample passes through the total hydrocarbon column and the peak-out result after methane separation, and the difference between the total hydrocarbon content and the methane content is the non-methane total hydrocarbon content.
However, in the above measurement method, since the sample is directly peaked after passing through the total hydrocarbon column, oxygen in the sample may affect flame when passing through FID, resulting in deviation of measurement result.
To solve the above problems, patent CN109991345A provides a method for eliminating the influence of oxygen, by additionally introducing a compensation gas containing oxygen, to eliminate or mitigate the interference caused by the oxygen contained in the sample gas. This method requires adjustment of the piping system of the device and is relatively inconvenient to implement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for detecting flame ionization of a sample containing oxygen, which can eliminate or reduce interference caused by oxygen contained in a sample gas without adjusting a pipeline system.
The inventor finds that the influence of oxygen with different concentrations on the measurement result can be effectively corrected by pertinently establishing an empirical functional relation through intensive study on a GC-FID combined instrument in the prior art.
Based on the above recognition, the present invention provides a method for flame ionization detection of a sample containing oxygen, for determining the concentration of one or more gases to be measured in the sample, comprising the steps of: a calibration step of providing a correction relation established according to a measured value obtained by using a plurality of standard gases containing different oxygen concentrations and a reasonable value, wherein the reasonable value is the measured value of the standard gas without oxygen; a measurement step of measuring a sample to obtain a measured value of the sample; and a correction step of correcting the measured value of the sample obtained in the measurement step according to the oxygen concentration in the sample and the correction relation provided in the calibration step.
The standard gas without oxygen is taken as a reasonable value, and the experimental relationship reflecting the interference of oxygen on the measurement result can be effectively formed by comparing the measurement values of the standard gas with different oxygen concentrations with the reasonable value. Then, in the case where the oxygen concentration in the sample is known, the measured value can be corrected more accurately by means of the empirical relationship between the oxygen concentration and that obtained in the calibration step.
In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the type of the gas to be measured in the standard gas used in the calibration step is the same as the type of the gas to be measured in the sample. The empirical relationship is calibrated according to the target standard gas with the same type as the sample, so that the established empirical function is more in line with the characteristics of the gas, and the matching degree between the determined correction relationship and the actual situation is improved.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the gas component to be measured in the target gas used in the calibration step is the same as the concentration of the gas component to be measured in the sample.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the correction relationship is a correction function that varies nonlinearly with the oxygen concentration.
Preferably, the correction function is
Wherein A' is a correction value, A is a measured value of a sample, a 1、a2、…、an is a constant determined according to the measured value and a reasonable value in the calibration step, C O2 is oxygen concentration, and n is an integer.
The inventors have found through intensive studies on oxygen interference that the oxygen interference can be effectively corrected by a correction function that varies non-linearly. Particularly, the polynomial function is used for correction, so that the fitted curve can accurately reflect the influence trend of oxygen on the final test result, the polynomial function needs to have fewer constants determined through the calibration step, and the correction relation can be obtained through fewer times of calibration tests, so that the method is more convenient.
Further, the correction function is
The number of constants to be determined can be further reduced to a, b by further simplifying the correction function, so that the correction function can well balance the convenience of the calibration step and the accuracy of fitting.
In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the values of a and b are determined by using the standard gas without oxygen and two or more than two bottles of standard gas with different oxygen concentrations. In the calibration step, a reasonable value A' can be determined from the measured value A of the oxygen-free standard gas; then, by measuring standard gases of two or more than two bottles of different oxygen concentrations, a binary once equation set is established by using the measurement results to determine the values of a and b. By the above manner, the constant in the correction function can be determined quickly and efficiently.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for detecting flame ionization of an oxygen-containing sample further comprises the steps of: the oxygen concentration in the sample is measured in real time or periodically using an oxygen measuring device.
The concentration of oxygen in the sample can be obtained by measuring, so that the content of oxygen in the sample can be mastered more dynamically, and the time-varying correction of the measurement result is facilitated.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flame ionization detection method for oxygen-containing samples is implemented using an instrument that combines gas chromatography with a hydrogen flame ion detector.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gas to be measured for target analysis is non-methane total hydrocarbons in the sample.
The invention also provides a device for flame ionization detection of a sample containing oxygen, for determining the concentration of one or more gases to be detected in the sample, comprising:
A calibration unit for providing a correction relation established according to a plurality of measured values of the standard gas containing different oxygen concentrations and a reasonable value, wherein the reasonable value is the measured value of the standard gas without oxygen;
the measuring unit is used for measuring the sample to obtain a measured value;
And the correction unit is used for correcting the measured value obtained by the measurement unit according to the oxygen concentration in the sample and the correction relation provided by the calibration unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art process for non-methane total hydrocarbon measurement by GC-FID using a difference method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for flame ionization detection of a sample containing oxygen in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one
In the prior art, when a GC-FID, i.e., a gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector, is used to perform a differential measurement, the presence of oxygen may interfere with the measurement result of non-methane total hydrocarbons, resulting in a measurement result deviation. In order to correct the measurement result, in this embodiment, a method of numerical correction is used to eliminate the interference of oxygen, and the method of numerical correction includes a plurality of steps as shown in fig. 1, which is further discussed below in conjunction with the correction principle.
Since the degree of influence of oxygen of different concentrations on the measurement result is different, it is necessary to provide a correction relationship based on the oxygen concentration. In order to determine the correction relationship, the present embodiment first employs: and S01, calibrating to provide a correction relation established according to a plurality of measured values obtained by using the standard gases with different oxygen concentrations and a reasonable value so as to respectively determine the influences of the oxygen with different concentrations.
The reasonable value a 0 is a measured value obtained by using a standard gas containing no oxygen, and the concentration of the gas to be measured in the sample gas to be measured is equal to the concentration of the gas to be measured in the standard gas (i.e., the standard gas used for determining the correction relationship), that is, in this embodiment, the sample gas and the standard gas have alkane gases with the same component ratio, and in order to reduce the number of tests, the concentration of oxygen in different sample gases is also different.
In the present embodiment, the reference of the correction relationship is first determined by determining the reasonable value. In particular, the reasonable value may be determined directly using a measurement of a standard gas that does not contain oxygen. Because the standard gas does not contain oxygen, the measured value of the standard gas which does not contain oxygen in the test is a reasonable value which is not interfered by oxygen and can be used as a correction standard.
In addition, because the concentration of the gas to be measured is set to be the same in each bottle of standard gas, the influence of the variable of the standard gas concentration can be effectively eliminated, so that the influence caused by the change of the oxygen concentration can be directly reflected on the change of the measured value, and the correction relation can be established by constructing a change function of the oxygen concentration to the measured value of the standard gas without oxygen.
In this embodiment, since the test target is a non-methane total hydrocarbon contained in the sample, the gas that is burned in the FID mainly includes an alkane gas such as methane in addition to the hydrogen gas that is introduced into the FID itself, and therefore, the correction relationship can be determined by selectively using a target gas containing an alkane gas. In some embodiments, the change in the type of the sample gas to be measured may be corresponded to by changing the type of the gas to be measured in the target gas, or in other embodiments, the change in the concentration of the gas to be measured in the sample gas may also be corresponded to by changing the concentration of the gas to be measured in the target gas.
In the present embodiment, the correction relationship is established at least in part on the basis of the oxygen concentration data and the measurement data. The oxygen concentration data can be manually input, and the data displayed by the label of the configured standard gas is used as the standard; an oxygen content sensor can be arranged on the input pipeline of the standard gas to measure the concentration in the standard gas, and the concentration is substituted into calculation according to the collected oxygen measured value; in addition, the measurement process may be real-time, intermittent, e.g. timed, or triggered as needed.
When the reasonable value is determined, some constants are not determined in the correction relationship, which requires determining the constants in the correction function by testing the standard gas, combining the concentration data with the test results. Different types of correction relationships (or correction functions) have different numbers of constants to be determined. Because the number of constants to be determined is different, the number of tests that need to be performed to determine these constants is also different.
The inventors have found through intensive studies on the influence of oxygen content that the influence of different oxygen concentrations on the measurement result is nonlinear, and can effectively fit curves, such as VOC (volatile organic compound, volatile organic compounds) area value-oxygen concentration curves, by using a polynomial fitting mode.
In some embodiments, the correction coefficients in the polynomial fit may be expressed in the form of the inverse of the polynomial, e.g., using
Wherein a' is a correction value, a is a measured value, a 1、a2、…、an is a constant determined according to measured value a obtained by using a plurality of standard gases with different oxygen concentrations and reasonable value a 0 in the step of S01 calibration, C O2 is an oxygen concentration, and n is an integer.
In order to integrate the two, namely, on the one hand, to determine all constants to be determined by using fewer test times, on the other hand, to ensure that the correction function can better fit the influence of different oxygen concentrations on the measured value, in the embodiment, the correction function is adopted to perform the fitting in the form of a quadratic function.
Specifically, the correction function is
Wherein a and b are constants to be determined, and in the step of S01 calibration, the constants are determined according to the measured value A and the reasonable value A 0, and C O2 is the oxygen concentration.
In the present embodiment, specific ways of determining the constants a and b include:
Measuring zero mark gas without oxygen, wherein the measured value is a reasonable value A 0;
Measuring a first mark gas and a second mark gas containing oxygen with different concentrations to respectively obtain measured values A 1、A2 of at least two tests; wherein the oxygen concentration of the first mark gas is C 1, and the corresponding measured value is A 1; the oxygen concentration of the second label gas is C 2, and the corresponding measured value is A 2.
And substituting the measurement results of the first mark gas and the second mark gas and the reasonable value A 0 into the correction function (2) respectively, so that an equation set can be established:
since A 0、A1、A2、C1、C2 is known, from the binary (a, b) set of first order equations, the values of a, b and thus the correction function can be determined.
After the determination of the correction function is completed, execution of:
s02, measuring the sample to obtain a measured value A of the sample.
And S03, correcting the measured value A of the sample obtained in the S02 measuring step according to the oxygen concentration C O2 in the sample and the correction relation provided in the S01 calibrating step.
Substituting the measured value A of the sample and the concentration C O2 of oxygen in the sample into the correction function (2) with the determined constants to obtain a correction result A ', wherein the correction result A' effectively eliminates or reduces the interference of oxygen on the measured result.
The present embodiment also provides a GC-FID device having a mode of performing flame ionization detection on a sample containing oxygen, and when operating in this mode, the GC-FID device performs a correction operation using the method provided in the present embodiment, improves the measurement accuracy of the GC-FID, and corrects the deviation of the measurement result caused by the oxygen. Specifically, the GC-FID device is used for determining the content of non-methane total hydrocarbons in a sample, and comprises:
A calibration unit for providing a correction relation established according to a plurality of measured values of the standard gas containing different oxygen concentrations and a reasonable value, wherein the reasonable value is the measured value of the standard gas without oxygen;
the measuring unit is used for measuring the sample to obtain a measured value;
and the correction unit is used for correcting the measured value obtained in the measurement step according to the oxygen concentration in the sample and the correction relation provided in the calibration step.
Although the measurement result is corrected in the form of the inverse of the quadratic function in the present embodiment, in other embodiments of the present invention, the result may be corrected in the form of a nonlinear function of any other form, for example, a logarithmic function, an exponential function, a power function, a trigonometric function, an inverse trigonometric function, a polynomial function, or the like, and a function generated by performing finite-order rational operation and finite-order function combination of the above functions. Accordingly, the number of constants to be determined differs depending on the correction function, for example, if the correction function is established based on the reciprocal form of three times, the number of constants to be determined is three, and the number of standard gases to be measured is usually four or more bottles; if the correction function is established based on the inverse form of the polynomial (n-th order), the number of constants to be determined is n, and the number of standard gases to be measured is usually n+1 bottles or more.
In the present embodiment, the method of correcting the flame ionization detection is described by taking a gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector combination as an example, but the apparatus or system to which the method is applicable is not limited to this. In other embodiments, in the case where oxygen may interfere with the detection result of flame ionization, for example, a combination of the flame ionization detection device and other devices, or a device that performs measurement by using the flame ionization detection device alone, the method provided in the embodiments may be used for correction.
Second embodiment
The present embodiment provides a method for flame ionization detection of a sample containing oxygen, which is different from the method provided in the first embodiment in that in the calibration step, the correction function is not determined by directly obtaining the reasonable value a 0 through measurement, and the determination manner of the correction function should be regarded as an equivalent alternative to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the correction function is calculated based on the principle that reasonable values corresponding to standard gases having the same components and concentrations are equal to each other. In this embodiment, the calculation of the correction function depends on measurement of three or more standard gases, each of which contains oxygen but has a different concentration.
In the step S01, for the standard gas in which the three bottles of oxygen gas have the same component and concentration (for example, alkane gas having the same component and concentration) and the concentration of the gas to be measured respectively is C 1、C2、C3, the measurement of the non-methane total hydrocarbon is performed respectively, and the measurement results (for example, VOC area value or NMHC concentration value) of the three bottles of standard gas are a 1、A2、A3 respectively.
According to the above measurement results, the sample gas concentrations of the three bottles of the standard gas are different, but the target sample gas components and concentrations are the same, so that the measurement results of the three bottles of the standard gas are different, but the corrected reasonable values should be the same. Based on the principle, the oxygen concentration and the measurement result of different gases can be respectively substituted into the correction functions, and the equality relation of the correction functions is established according to the condition of equality of reasonable values and is simultaneously established
By calculating the equation set (5), constants a and b can be solved, and a correction function can be established.
The correction method provided above can calculate the correction function without making or using the standard gas without oxygen, so as to reflect the deviation of the measurement result caused by the oxygen concentration.
In some embodiments, the constants a, b may be compiled by manually entering the constants at the user interface of the GC-FID, may be calculated by manually entering the measurement results and/or oxygen concentration at the GC-FID user interface, and may be calculated by automatically obtaining the measurement results and/or oxygen concentration using a communication connection with the detector and a communication connection with the oxygen sensor. After the constants a and b are determined, the determined constants a and b or the correction function is written into the measurement program of the GC-FID and stored, so that the corrected measurement result, namely the correction value A', is fed back to the user in the subsequent test process.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method of flame ionization detection of a sample containing oxygen for determining the concentration of one or more gases to be measured in the sample, comprising the steps of:
a calibration step of providing a correction relationship established based on measured values obtained using a plurality of standard gases having different oxygen concentrations and a reasonable value, wherein the reasonable value is a measured value obtained using a standard gas containing no oxygen;
A measurement step of measuring the sample to obtain a measured value of the sample;
a correction step of correcting the measured value of the sample obtained in the measurement step according to the oxygen concentration in the sample and the correction relation provided in the calibration step, wherein the correction relation is a correction function which varies nonlinearly with the oxygen concentration, and the correction function is
Wherein A' is a correction value, A is a measured value of the sample, a and b are constants determined according to measured values obtained by using a plurality of standard gases with different oxygen concentrations and reasonable values in the calibration step, and C O2 is the oxygen concentration.
2. The method for flame ionization detection of a sample containing oxygen according to claim 1, wherein the type of the gas to be measured in the target gas used in the calibration step is the same as the type of the gas to be measured in the sample.
3. The method for flame ionization detection of an oxygen-containing sample according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of the gas component to be measured in the target gas used in the calibration step is the same as the concentration of the gas component to be measured in the sample.
4. The method for flame ionization detection of an oxygen-containing sample of claim 1 wherein in the calibrating step, the values of a, b are determined using a standard gas that does not contain oxygen and two or more bottles of standard gas having different oxygen concentrations.
5. The method for flame ionization detection of an oxygen-containing sample of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
the oxygen concentration in the sample is measured in real time or periodically using an oxygen measuring device.
6. The method for flame ionization detection of an oxygen-containing sample of claim 1, wherein the method is performed using an instrument that combines gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector.
7. The method of flame ionization detection of a sample containing oxygen of claim 1 wherein the gas to be measured is a non-methane total hydrocarbon in the sample.
8. An apparatus for flame ionization detection of a sample containing oxygen for determining the concentration of one or more gases to be measured in the sample, comprising:
a calibration unit for providing a correction relationship established based on measured values obtained using a plurality of standard gases containing different oxygen concentrations and a reasonable value, wherein the reasonable value is the measured value obtained using the standard gas containing no oxygen;
the measuring unit is used for measuring the sample to obtain a measured value;
A correction unit for correcting the measured value of the sample obtained by the measurement unit according to the oxygen concentration in the sample and the correction relation provided by the calibration unit, wherein the correction relation is a correction function which varies nonlinearly with the oxygen concentration, and the correction function is that
Wherein A' is a correction value, A is a measured value of the sample, a and b are constants determined by the calibration unit according to measured values obtained by using a plurality of standard gases with different oxygen concentrations and reasonable values, and C O2 is the oxygen concentration.
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CN114397395A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-26 杭州春来科技有限公司 Oxygen interference correction method and system based on FID detector for non-methane total hydrocarbon determination

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