CN112902866B - Spatial framing device, all-optical ultrafast imaging system and method - Google Patents
Spatial framing device, all-optical ultrafast imaging system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of all-optical ultrafast imaging, and discloses a spatial framing device, an all-optical ultrafast imaging system and an all-optical ultrafast imaging method. The spatial amplitude division device comprises a shearing reflector array dispersion device, a first reflector and a beam splitting imaging micro-lens array. The all-optical ultrafast imaging system comprises an ultrashort pulse laser, a beam splitter, a pumping delay optical path device, a time dispersion device, a focusing lens, a microimaging device, a space amplitude division device and an imaging receiving device. The invention solves the problems that the number of imaging frames of a device or a system for realizing all-optical ultrafast imaging in the prior art is difficult to increase, the spatial resolution of each frame of image is different, the processing difficulty is high and the cost is high. The device or the imaging system provided by the invention can increase the number of imaging frames, eliminate the optical path difference between each frame, avoid the defocusing phenomenon generated during multi-frame imaging, further ensure that each frame of image is imaged clearly, and has the advantages of simple processing and manufacturing and capability of effectively reducing the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of all-optical ultrafast imaging, and particularly relates to a spatial framing device, an all-optical ultrafast imaging system and an all-optical ultrafast imaging method.
Background
In recent years, observation and essential discussion of microscopic characteristics of materials and ultrafast phenomena generated in the processing process have become hot spots for research, such as the ultrafast phenomena of film growth defect real-time monitoring and control, lattice vibration, phase transition process between crystallization and amorphization, and the like, and the time scale of the ultrafast phenomena is picosecond or even femtosecond level. The ultrafast imaging technology is a key technology for processing and detecting material characteristics and ultrafast phenomena generated in the processing process, so that technical indexes such as the time resolution, the spatial resolution, the number of imaging frames and the like of ultrafast imaging are of great importance for observing the ultrafast dynamic evolution process in picosecond or even femtosecond level laser processing and the like.
Compared with other ultrafast imaging technologies, the all-optical ultrafast imaging technology can achieve higher time resolution and spatial resolution. The ultrafast imaging technology based on the pump-probe technology, the time resolution of which is determined by the probe light pulse width, is only suitable for observing repeatable ultrafast phenomena and cannot be used for capturing single and irregular ultrafast phenomena. In 2014, the concept of the all-optical femtosecond ultrafast time sequence imaging system was proposed by the japanese k.nakagawa task group and experimentally realized. The technology is a novel all-optical time mapping imaging technology, and has obvious advantages in the aspects of time resolution, pixel resolution, frame number, two-dimensional image acquisition, microscopic imaging and the like compared with the traditional ultrafast imaging technology. The full-optical time series mapping imaging technology is named as the fastest 2D ultrafast imaging technology in the world, the frame interval of the full-optical time series mapping imaging technology reaches 4.4 trillion frames per second, the time resolution is 229fs at least, a spectrum mapping unit of the technology adopts a diffraction grating, a cylindrical reflector and a periscope array combination, but because the periscope array structure is complex, the framing number of the technology which is realized at present can only reach 6 frames, the framing imaging of more frames is realized, the processing difficulty of the periscope array structure is large, the light path adjustment is complex, and the number of frames is difficult to increase. In order to overcome the defect of insufficient framing number in the STAMP technology, a research team improves a STAMP experimental system, a space-time wavelength division multiplexing holographic technology is adopted, an optical diffraction element and a narrow-band filter are combined to replace a time modulation device and a space modulation device, the framing number is increased to 25 frames, the time resolution reaches 133fs, but DOEs need to be specially customized, the price of the customized DOEs is extremely high, the production and processing cost of the system is greatly improved, a hundred-layer film is plated on the surface of the narrow-band filter with the thickness of about 1nm, the processing technology is extremely complex, the production difficulty is extremely high, China still DOEs not have a mature processing technology at present, related elements still need to be imported, the production and processing cost of the system is greatly improved, and the development of an ultra-fast imaging technology is severely limited. Recently, a two-way branched spectrum shearing reflector 4f system has been proposed in this japanese group, which can increase the number of imaging frames while keeping the resolution of its pixels unchanged. The 4f system comprises a spectrum shearing reflecting mirror, a cylindrical mirror and a diffraction grating, wherein the spectrum shearing reflecting mirror is 18 spectrum shearing reflecting mirror surfaces inclined at one-dimensional angle in the x direction and comprises two groups of 9 adjacent reflecting mirror surfaces, and each reflecting mirror surface reflects sub-pulses with a certain spectrum bandwidth so that each sub-pulse is separated in space. The branch path design utilizes a plurality of CCD detectors for imaging, thereby overcoming the balance of frame number and pixel resolution. However, in the spectral shearing reflector mirror surface, each reflecting surface is only inclined in one dimension, if the number of imaging frames is increased to 50 frames, an optical path difference exists between each frame, a defocusing phenomenon is generated during multi-frame imaging, and the spatial resolution of each frame of image is different. Meanwhile, the size of the components is larger than the size of the production specification of a manufacturer, the components such as the spectrum shearing reflecting mirror, the cylindrical mirror, the diffraction grating and the like need to be customized, and the processing cost is greatly increased. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a spatial framing device and a full-gloss ultrafast imaging system, which can increase the number of imaging frames, ensure that each frame of image is clearly imaged, and have the advantages of simple processing technology and low production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a spatial framing device, an all-optical ultrafast imaging system and a method, and solves the problems that the number of imaging frames of a device or a system for realizing all-optical ultrafast imaging in the prior art is difficult to increase, the spatial resolution of each frame of image is different, the processing difficulty is high, and the cost is high.
The invention provides a space framing device, comprising: the system comprises a shearing reflector array dispersion device, a first reflector and a beam splitting imaging micro-lens array; the shearing reflection array dispersion device is used for carrying out spatial dispersion on incident light beams with different wavelengths to obtain a plurality of sub-light beams which are separated in space and distributed in a two-dimensional array; the first reflector is used for reflecting the multiple sub-beams distributed in the two-dimensional array to the beam splitting imaging micro-lens array; the beam splitting imaging micro lens array is used for respectively focusing the multiple sub beams distributed in the two-dimensional array.
Preferably, the shear reflective array dispersing device comprises: the system comprises a dispersion grating, a first lens and a two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array; the dispersion grating, the first lens and the two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array form a 4f system; the two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array consists of a plurality of adjacent reflector surfaces inclined at angles in the x direction and the y direction; the dispersion grating is used for dispersing incident light beams with different wavelengths in the x direction; the first lens is used for focusing the light beam dispersed in the x direction to the two-dimensional spectrum shearing mirror array; the two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array is used for reflecting the focused light beams at different angles in the x direction and the y direction respectively to obtain a plurality of sub-light beams which are separated in space and distributed in a two-dimensional array.
By utilizing the spatial framing device, the invention also provides an all-optical ultrafast imaging system, which comprises: the system comprises an ultra-short pulse laser, a beam splitter, a pumping delay optical path device, a time dispersion device, a focusing lens, a micro-imaging device, the space amplitude device and an imaging receiving device; the ultrashort pulse laser is used for generating ultrashort pulse laser; the beam splitter is used for splitting the ultrashort pulse laser to obtain a pump beam and a probe beam; the pumping delay optical path device is used for delaying the pumping light beam to obtain a first light beam; the first light beam is incident to an observation object; the time dispersion device is used for widening the pulse width of the detection beam and generating different time delays for components with different frequencies in the detection beam to obtain a second beam; the second light beam and the first light beam are synchronously incident to the observation object; the focusing lens is used for focusing the second light beam to the observation object; the microscopic imaging device is used for carrying out microscopic imaging on the third light beam; the third light beam is a pulse sequence carrying observation object information and obtained after the first light beam and the second light beam pass through the observation object; the spatial amplitude division device is used for carrying out spatial dispersion on the third light beam to obtain a plurality of sub-light beams which are separated in space and distributed in a two-dimensional array, and the plurality of sub-light beams distributed on the basis of the two-dimensional array are respectively focused on the imaging receiving device to form imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array; the imaging receiving device is used for receiving the imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array to obtain a multi-frame image.
Preferably, the pumping time-delay optical path device comprises a second reflector, a third reflector, a fourth reflector and a fifth reflector which are sequentially arranged according to an optical path; the second reflector, the third reflector, the fourth reflector and the fifth reflector are used for changing the direction of the pumping beam, so that the pumping beam excites the observation object to generate an ultrafast phenomenon; the third reflector and the fourth reflector are installed on a two-dimensional precision translation stage, and the first light beam and the second light beam are synchronously incident to the observation object by adjusting the two-dimensional precision translation stage.
Preferably, the time dispersion device adopts a combination of one of a dispersion glass rod, a grating pair and a prism pair.
Preferably, the microscopic imaging device comprises a microscope objective, a second lens and a third lens which are arranged in sequence along the optical path; the observation object is arranged at the focal length of the microscopic imaging device; the microscope objective is used for carrying out microscopic imaging on the third light beam; and the second lens and the third lens form a scaling unit for scaling the spot size of the third light beam.
Preferably, the microscopic imaging apparatus further comprises: an aperture diaphragm; the aperture diaphragm is arranged between the microscope objective and the second lens; the aperture diaphragm is used for adjusting the size of the light spot of the third light beam to be matched with the width of each mirror surface of the two-dimensional spectrum shearing mirror array in the shearing reflection array color dispersion device.
Preferably, the microscopic imaging apparatus further comprises: a field stop; the field diaphragm is arranged at the focus of the second lens; the field diaphragm is used for adjusting the field of view and realizing microscopic imaging of different fields of view of an object space.
Preferably, the imaging receiving device is arranged at an image plane of the beam splitting imaging micro lens array; the imaging receiving device adopts a CCD high-speed camera.
The invention provides an all-optical ultrafast imaging method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, generating ultrashort pulse laser by an ultrashort pulse laser;
step 2, splitting the ultrashort pulse laser through a beam splitter to obtain a pump beam and a probe beam;
step 3, delaying the pump light beam through a pump delay light path device to obtain a first light beam, wherein the first light beam is incident to an observation object;
step 4, broadening the pulse width of the detection beam through a time dispersion device, and generating different delays for components with different frequencies in the detection beam to obtain a second beam; the second light beam and the first light beam are synchronously incident to the observation object;
step 5, carrying out microscopic imaging on the third light beam through a microscopic imaging device; the third light beam is a pulse sequence carrying observation object information and obtained after the first light beam and the second light beam pass through the observation object;
step 6, carrying out spatial dispersion on the third light beam through the spatial amplitude division device to obtain a plurality of spatially separated sub-light beams distributed in a two-dimensional array, and respectively focusing the plurality of spatially separated sub-light beams on the imaging receiving device through the spatial amplitude division device based on the plurality of spatially distributed sub-light beams to form imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array;
and 7, receiving the imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array through the imaging receiving device to obtain a multi-frame image.
One or more technical schemes provided by the invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
in the invention, the provided spatial framing device can obtain a plurality of sub-beams distributed in a two-dimensional array in a spatial separation manner, and can respectively focus the plurality of sub-beams distributed in the two-dimensional array (subsequently focus the sub-beams to the imaging receiving device to form imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array). Compared with the existing all-optical ultrafast imaging system, the all-optical ultrafast imaging system constructed by the framing device has the advantages of increasing the number of imaging frames, being simple to process and manufacture and low in cost, and the all-optical ultrafast imaging method corresponding to the system can also ensure that each frame of image is imaged clearly.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional spectral shearing mirror array in a spatial framing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a plenoptic ultrafast imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an overall optical path diagram of a plenoptic ultrafast imaging system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
101-ultrashort pulse laser, 102-beam splitter, 103-pumping delay optical path device, 104-time dispersion device, 105-focusing lens, 106-observation object, 107-microscopic imaging device, 108-shearing mirror array dispersion device, 109-first mirror, 110-beam splitting imaging microlens array, and 111-imaging receiving device;
201-ultrashort pulse laser, 202-beam splitter, 203-second reflector, 204-third reflector, 205-fourth reflector, 206-fifth reflector, 207-dispersive glass rod, 208-focusing lens, 209-observation object, 210-microscope objective, 211-second lens, 212-third lens, 213-dispersive grating, 214-first lens, 215-two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array, 216-first reflector, 217-beam splitting imaging micro lens array, 218-CCD high-speed camera.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example 1:
embodiment 1 provides a spatial framing apparatus, comprising: the system comprises a shearing reflector array dispersion device, a first reflector and a beam splitting imaging micro-lens array.
The shearing reflection array dispersion device is used for carrying out spatial dispersion on incident light beams with different wavelengths to obtain a plurality of sub-light beams which are separated in space and distributed in a two-dimensional array; the first reflector is used for reflecting the multiple sub-beams distributed in the two-dimensional array to the beam splitting imaging micro-lens array; the beam splitting imaging micro lens array is used for respectively focusing the multiple sub beams distributed in the two-dimensional array.
Specifically, the shear reflective array dispersion device includes: the system comprises a dispersion grating, a first lens and a two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array. The dispersion grating, the first lens and the two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array form a 4f system; the two-dimensional spectral shearing mirror array is composed of a plurality of adjacent mirror surfaces which are inclined at angles in the x-direction and the y-direction, see fig. 1.
The dispersion grating is used for dispersing incident light beams with different wavelengths in the x direction; the first lens is used for focusing the light beam dispersed in the x direction to the two-dimensional spectrum shearing mirror array; the two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array is used for reflecting the focused light beams at different angles in the x direction and the y direction respectively to obtain a plurality of sub-light beams which are separated in space and distributed in a two-dimensional array.
Since the embodiment 1 can obtain the plurality of sub-beams distributed in the two-dimensional array in a spatially separated manner, and can respectively focus the plurality of sub-beams distributed in the two-dimensional array (subsequently focus the sub-beams to the imaging receiving device to form the imaging spots distributed in the two-dimensional array), the spatial framing device provided in the embodiment 1 is used for the all-optical ultrafast imaging system to increase the number of imaging frames, and simultaneously, to ensure that the size of the device is not too large, so as to better utilize the photosensitive area of the imaging receiving device (for example, the existing lens is usually 1 inch in diameter and at most about 2 inches, the maximum size of the grating is usually 50mm x 50 mm. assuming that the all-optical ultrafast imaging system increases the number of imaging frames to 50 frames, the 50 frames of spots are arranged in a vertical line, and a device larger than 2 inches is needed to receive the light beams; if the 50 frames of spots are divided into the light beams distributed in the two-dimensional matrix, the size of the existing device can meet the requirement, no customization is required). And the optical path difference between each frame can be eliminated, the defocusing phenomenon generated during multi-frame imaging is avoided, and the clear imaging of each frame of image is further ensured. In addition, compared with a periscope array system, the shearing reflection array dispersion device adopted in the embodiment 1 can increase the number of imaging frames, and is simple to process and manufacture and convenient to adjust the optical path.
Specifically, compared with the spatial dispersion mode of a 4f system formed by a diffraction grating, a cylindrical mirror and a spectrum shearing mirror inclined at a one-dimensional angle, the cylindrical mirror is focused only in the horizontal direction to form parallel beams distributed in a one-dimensional manner, the first lens in the embodiment 1 has a focusing function in the horizontal and vertical directions, the 4f system formed by the two-dimensional spectrum shearing mirror array, the first lens and the dispersion grating can obtain the parallel beams distributed in a two-dimensional manner, and each sub-beam is focused by the beam splitting imaging micro-lens array to form a two-dimensional array light spot. Therefore, the spatial framing device provided in embodiment 1 is used in the all-optical ultrafast imaging system to increase the number of imaging frames and ensure that the size of the components is not too large, thereby better utilizing the photosensitive area of the CCD. And the optical path difference between each frame can be eliminated, the defocusing phenomenon generated during multi-frame imaging is avoided, and the clear imaging of each frame of image is further ensured. In addition, compared with a periscope array system, the adopted shearing reflection array dispersion device can increase the number of image frames, and is simple to process and manufacture and convenient to adjust the optical path.
Example 2:
embodiment 2 provides a plenoptic ultrafast imaging system, as shown in fig. 2, including: an ultrashort pulse laser 101, a beam splitter 102, a pump delay optical path device 103, a time dispersion device 104, a focusing lens 105, a microscopic imaging device 107, the spatial amplitude division device provided in embodiment 1, and an imaging receiving device 111.
The ultrashort pulse laser 101 is used for generating ultrashort pulse laser.
The beam splitter 102 is configured to split the ultrashort pulse laser to obtain a pump beam and a probe beam.
The pumping delay optical path device 103 is configured to perform delay processing on the pumping beam to obtain a first beam; the first light beam is incident on the observation object 106.
The time dispersion device 104 is configured to widen a pulse width of the probe beam, and generate different delays for components with different frequencies in the probe beam to obtain a second beam; the second light beam is incident on the observation object 106 in synchronization with the first light beam.
The focusing lens 105 is used for focusing the second light beam to the observation object 106.
The microscopic imaging device 107 is used for carrying out microscopic imaging on the third light beam; and the third light beam is a pulse sequence carrying observation object information and obtained after the first light beam and the second light beam pass through the observation object.
The spatial amplitude division device is configured to perform spatial dispersion on the third light beam to obtain multiple sub-light beams distributed in a two-dimensional array and separated in space, and the multiple sub-light beams distributed in the two-dimensional array are respectively focused on the imaging receiving device 111 to form imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array.
Specifically, the spatial framing device includes: shear mirror array tinting, 108, first mirror 109, beam splitting imaging microlens array 110. The shearing reflection array dispersion device 108 is used for carrying out spatial dispersion on incident light beams with different wavelengths to obtain a plurality of sub-light beams which are separated in space and distributed in a two-dimensional array; the first mirror 109 is used for reflecting the multiple sub-beams distributed in the two-dimensional array to the beam splitting imaging micro-lens array 110; the beam splitting imaging micro lens array 110 is used for focusing the multiple sub beams distributed in the two-dimensional array respectively.
The imaging receiving device 111 is configured to receive the imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array, so as to obtain a multi-frame image.
Compared with the existing all-optical ultrafast imaging system, the all-optical ultrafast imaging system provided by the embodiment 2 has the advantages of increasing the number of imaging frames, ensuring that each frame of image is imaged clearly, along with simple processing technology and low production cost.
Example 3:
embodiment 3 a more specific plenoptic ultrafast imaging system is provided on the basis of embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 3, comprising: the system comprises an ultra-short pulse laser 201, a beam splitter 202, a second reflector 203, a third reflector 204, a fourth reflector 205, a fifth reflector 206, a dispersive glass rod 207, a focusing lens 208, a micro-objective 210, a second lens 211, a third lens 212, a dispersive grating 213, a first lens 214, a two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array 215, a first reflector 216, a beam splitting imaging micro-lens array 217 and a CCD high-speed camera 218.
That is, the pumping delay optical path device includes the second reflecting mirror 203, the third reflecting mirror 204, the fourth reflecting mirror 205, and the fifth reflecting mirror 206, which are sequentially disposed along the optical path. The second mirror 203, the third mirror 204, the fourth mirror 205 and the fifth mirror 206 are used for changing the direction of the pump beam, so that the pump beam excites the observation object 209 to generate an ultrafast phenomenon; the third mirror 204 and the fourth mirror 205 are mounted on a two-dimensional precision translation stage, and the first light beam and the second light beam are synchronously incident on the observation object 209 by adjusting the two-dimensional precision translation stage.
The time dispersion device can adopt a combination of one of a dispersion glass rod, a grating pair and a prism pair. Example 3 uses a combination of the dispersive glass rods 207.
The micro imaging device comprises the micro objective 210, the second lens 211 and the third lens 212 which are arranged in an optical path; the observation object 209 is set at the focal length of the microscopic imaging apparatus; the microscope objective 210 is used for carrying out microscopic imaging on the third light beam; the second lens 211 and the third lens 212 constitute a scaling unit for scaling the spot size of the third light beam.
In a preferred scheme, the microscopic imaging device further comprises an aperture diaphragm; the aperture stop is disposed between the microscope objective 210 and the second lens 211; the aperture stop is used to adjust the spot size of the third light beam to match the width of each mirror surface of the two-dimensional spectral shearing mirror array 215 in the shearing reflective array color dispersion device. In addition, the microscopic imaging device can further comprise a field stop; the field stop is arranged at the focal point of the second lens 211; the field diaphragm is used for adjusting the field of view and realizing microscopic imaging of different fields of view of an object space.
The image receiving device adopts a CCD high-speed camera 218 and is arranged at the image plane of the beam splitting imaging micro-lens array 217.
Example 4:
embodiment 4 provides an all-optical ultrafast imaging method using the all-optical ultrafast imaging system in embodiment 2 or embodiment 3
Specifically, embodiment 4 provides a full-gloss ultrafast imaging method, including the following steps:
step 1, generating ultrashort pulse laser by an ultrashort pulse laser.
The ultrashort pulse laser can be femtosecond ultrafast pulse laser with wide frequency spectrum width. For example, the ultrashort pulse laser can be 800nm Ti sapphire femtosecond laser with wide frequency spectrum width of coherent company in America, which is type Vitara-T-HP, and has average power of 1000mw, pulse width of 20fs, center wavelength of 800nm, pulse 3dB bandwidth of about 100nm, and repetition frequency of 80 MHz. In addition, in order to observe the sample by laser to generate an ultrafast phenomenon and match with the frame rate of a high-speed camera, an optical parametric amplifier and a chopper are connected behind the laser, so that the repetition frequency of light pulses is reduced.
And 2, splitting the ultrashort pulse laser through a beam splitter to obtain a pump beam and a probe beam.
For example, the ratio of transmittance to reflectance of the beam splitter can be set to 70%: 30 percent.
And 3, delaying the pump light beam through a pump delay light path device to obtain a first light beam, wherein the first light beam is incident to an observation object.
Step 4, broadening the pulse width of the detection beam through a time dispersion device, and generating different delays for components with different frequencies in the detection beam to obtain a second beam; the second light beam is incident to the observation object in synchronization with the first light beam.
The detection light beam passes through the time dispersion device, can be a dispersion glass rod combination or a grating pair according to different time scales of an ultrafast phenomenon generated by an observed object, and different spectral components of the femtosecond pulse are transmitted at different speeds under a dispersion medium based on a light dispersion principle, so that a pulse time domain waveform is changed, and different time delays are generated by the components with different frequencies. Because no strict dispersion compensation is involved, the combination of H-ZF88 and SF10 glass rods is selected, the spreading-width ratio is conveniently adjusted, and the ultrafast phenomenon of different time scales can be observed.
Step 5, carrying out microscopic imaging on the third light beam through a microscopic imaging device; and the third light beam is a pulse sequence carrying observation object information and obtained after the first light beam and the second light beam pass through the observation object.
For example, an olympus x 20 microscope objective (numerical aperture NA of 0.45) is used to magnify the beam spot size by 1.25 times through a 4f optical system consisting of a second lens (focal length f: 200mm) and a third lens (f: 250mm), and an aperture stop is placed at a distance d1 mm behind the microscope objective to match the beam size with the width of the subsequent two-dimensional spectral shearing mirror array. And a field diaphragm is arranged at the focal point of the second lens, so that microscopic imaging of different fields of view in an object space can be realized.
And 6, carrying out spatial dispersion on the third light beam through a spatial amplitude division device to obtain a plurality of spatially separated sub-light beams distributed in a two-dimensional array, and respectively focusing the plurality of spatially separated sub-light beams on the imaging receiving device through the spatial amplitude division device based on the plurality of spatially distributed sub-light beams in the two-dimensional array to form imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array.
For example, the dispersion grating is a reflective blazed grating, and the groove density of the reflective blazed grating is 1200 line pairs/mm. The focal length f of the first lens is 100mm, the two-dimensional spectrum shearing mirror array is 25 adjacent mirror surfaces inclined at an angle in the x direction and the y direction, the two-dimensional spectrum shearing mirror array is divided into 5 groups, and the widths of each group of spectrum shearing mirrors are respectively as follows: 0.8mm, 0.84mm, 0.96mm, 1.12mm, 1.32 mm. To ensure that each mirror reflects light beams at equal wavelength intervals, the widths of each mirror of the two-dimensional spectral shearing mirror array are slightly different because the dispersion of the reflective blazed grating is non-linearly related to the wavelength according to the theory of the grating equation. The beam splitting imaging micro lens array corresponds to a 5 x 5 beam splitting imaging micro lens array.
And 7, receiving the imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array through the imaging receiving device to obtain a multi-frame image. Namely, the full-light ultrafast multi-image is realized.
The all-optical ultrafast imaging method provided by embodiment 4 is simple in optical path adjustment, capable of eliminating optical path difference between each frame, and capable of avoiding defocusing phenomenon during multi-frame imaging, so that imaging clarity of each frame is guaranteed.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A spatial framing apparatus, comprising: the system comprises a shearing reflector array dispersion device, a first reflector and a beam splitting imaging micro-lens array;
the shearing reflection array dispersion device is used for carrying out spatial dispersion on incident light beams with different wavelengths to obtain a plurality of sub-light beams which are separated in space and distributed in a two-dimensional array;
the first reflector is used for reflecting the multiple sub-beams distributed in the two-dimensional array to the beam splitting imaging micro-lens array;
the beam splitting imaging micro lens array is used for focusing a plurality of sub beams distributed in the two-dimensional array respectively;
the shear reflective array dispersive device comprises: the system comprises a dispersion grating, a first lens and a two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array;
the dispersion grating, the first lens and the two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array form a 4f system; the two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array consists of a plurality of adjacent reflector surfaces inclined at angles in the x direction and the y direction;
the dispersion grating is used for dispersing incident light beams with different wavelengths in the x direction;
the first lens is used for focusing the light beam dispersed in the x direction to the two-dimensional spectrum shearing mirror array;
the two-dimensional spectrum shearing reflector array is used for reflecting the focused light beams at different angles in the x direction and the y direction respectively to obtain a plurality of sub-light beams which are separated in space and distributed in a two-dimensional array.
2. An all-optical ultrafast imaging system, comprising: an ultrashort pulse laser, a beam splitter, a pump delay optical path device, a time dispersion device, a focusing lens, a microimaging device, a spatial amplitude division device according to claim 1, and an imaging receiving device;
the ultrashort pulse laser is used for generating ultrashort pulse laser;
the beam splitter is used for splitting the ultrashort pulse laser to obtain a pump beam and a probe beam;
the pumping delay optical path device is used for delaying the pumping light beam to obtain a first light beam; the first light beam is incident to an observation object;
the time dispersion device is used for widening the pulse width of the detection beam and generating different time delays for components with different frequencies in the detection beam to obtain a second beam; the second light beam and the first light beam are synchronously incident to the observation object;
the focusing lens is used for focusing the second light beam to the observation object;
the microscopic imaging device is used for carrying out microscopic imaging on the third light beam; the third light beam is a pulse sequence carrying observation object information and obtained after the first light beam and the second light beam pass through the observation object;
the spatial amplitude division device is used for carrying out spatial dispersion on the third light beam to obtain a plurality of sub-light beams which are separated in space and distributed in a two-dimensional array, and the plurality of sub-light beams distributed on the basis of the two-dimensional array are respectively focused on the imaging receiving device to form imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array;
the imaging receiving device is used for receiving the imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array to obtain a multi-frame image.
3. The all-optical ultrafast imaging system of claim 2, wherein the pumping delay optical path device comprises a second reflector, a third reflector, a fourth reflector and a fifth reflector sequentially arranged along the optical path;
the second reflector, the third reflector, the fourth reflector and the fifth reflector are used for changing the direction of the pumping beam, so that the pumping beam excites the observation object to generate an ultrafast phenomenon;
the third reflector and the fourth reflector are installed on a two-dimensional precision translation stage, and the first light beam and the second light beam are synchronously incident to the observation object by adjusting the two-dimensional precision translation stage.
4. The all-optical ultrafast imaging system of claim 2, wherein said time dispersion device employs a combination of one of a dispersive glass rod, a grating pair, and a prism pair.
5. The all-optical ultrafast imaging system of claim 2, wherein the microscopic imaging device comprises a microscope objective, a second lens and a third lens sequentially arranged along the optical path; the observation object is arranged at the focal length of the microscopic imaging device;
the microscope objective is used for carrying out microscopic imaging on the third light beam;
and the second lens and the third lens form a scaling unit for scaling the spot size of the third light beam.
6. The plenoptic ultrafast imaging system according to claim 5, wherein said microscopic imaging apparatus further comprises: an aperture diaphragm; the aperture diaphragm is arranged between the microscope objective and the second lens;
the aperture diaphragm is used for adjusting the size of the light spot of the third light beam to be matched with the width of each mirror surface of the two-dimensional spectrum shearing mirror array in the shearing reflection array color dispersion device.
7. The plenoptic ultrafast imaging system according to claim 5, wherein said microscopic imaging apparatus further comprises: a field stop; the field diaphragm is arranged at the focus of the second lens;
the field diaphragm is used for adjusting the field of view and realizing microscopic imaging of different fields of view of an object space.
8. The plenoptic ultrafast imaging system according to claim 2, wherein said image receiving means is arranged at an image plane of said beam splitting imaging microlens array; the imaging receiving device adopts a CCD high-speed camera.
9. An all-optical ultrafast imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, generating ultrashort pulse laser by an ultrashort pulse laser;
step 2, splitting the ultrashort pulse laser through a beam splitter to obtain a pump beam and a probe beam;
step 3, delaying the pump light beam through a pump delay light path device to obtain a first light beam, wherein the first light beam is incident to an observation object;
step 4, broadening the pulse width of the detection beam through a time dispersion device, and generating different delays for components with different frequencies in the detection beam to obtain a second beam; the second light beam and the first light beam are synchronously incident to the observation object;
step 5, carrying out microscopic imaging on the third light beam through a microscopic imaging device; the third light beam is a pulse sequence carrying observation object information and obtained after the first light beam and the second light beam pass through the observation object;
step 6, performing spatial dispersion on the third light beam through the spatial amplitude dividing device according to claim 1 to obtain multiple sub-light beams distributed in a two-dimensional array, which are separated in space, and forming imaging light spots distributed in a two-dimensional array by the spatial amplitude dividing device according to claim 1 based on the multiple sub-light beams distributed in the two-dimensional array being respectively focused on the imaging receiving device;
and 7, receiving the imaging light spots distributed in the two-dimensional array through the imaging receiving device to obtain a multi-frame image.
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