CN112855162B - Mining method for upper coal seam of composite coal seam strip mine near extraction end slope - Google Patents
Mining method for upper coal seam of composite coal seam strip mine near extraction end slope Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of strip mine mining, provides a mining method for a composite coal seam strip mine upper side coal seam by side stoping, provides a criterion for sectional recovery of the upper side coal seam, and determines feasibility and mining mode of sectional recovery through early-stage calculation: the first condition and the second condition of the feasibility of recovering the coal resource covered at the position of the upper coal seam transportation road at the end slope are provided, so that the feasibility of recovering the coal resource covered at the position of the upper coal seam transportation road at the end slope can be verified. The invention utilizes the step dumping of the inner dumping ground to form an operation space, arranges excavating equipment, and utilizes the working flat disc of the step of the inner dumping ground to carry out the sectional recovery operation of the pressing resources of the upper coal seam of the end wall, thereby simultaneously extracting the upper coal seam, the coal seam and the gangue among the mining levels.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of strip mine mining, and particularly relates to a mining method for an upper coal bed of a composite coal bed strip mine slope stoping end slope.
Background
For the open-pit mine of the composite coal seam, the annual output and the stripping amount are generally large, and a plurality of transportation roads are generally reserved on the end slope to ensure the requirement of material transportation. For open-pit mines with annual output of 10Mt and above, in order to meet the requirements of transportation workload of end highwalls, a plurality of transportation roads are usually required to be reserved on the end highwalls, when the transportation roads are required to be reserved at the top plate position of the upper coal seam, a large amount of overlaying resources exist in the upper coal seam of the end highwalls, and cannot be timely mined, so that great waste of resources is caused along with follow-up of an inner soil discharge field.
Conventional composite coal seam strip mine caving mining is only aimed at a lower coal seam, after the lower coal seam is recovered by utilizing a pit bottom space, a dumping yard follows up according to an original plan, an end slope is covered by a discharged material and cannot timely extract an upper coal seam, and a large amount of secondary stripping can be generated if the upper coal seam is recovered.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a mining method for an upper coal seam of a side-leaning stoping end slope of a strip mine of a composite coal seam, so as to solve or alleviate the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
the application provides a mining method for an upper coal seam of a side-leaning stoping end slope of a strip mine of a composite coal seam, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of S1, determining the stability of an end slope, analyzing and evaluating the stability of the end slope after an inner dump is timely followed, checking the stability of the slope through a slope stability analysis calculation method according to a stope single-step slope angle and a dump single-step slope angle of a strip mine, determining whether the condition of recovering an upper coal seam is met, and using the end slope stability as a first condition for verifying the feasibility of pressing and covering coal resources at the position of an end-slope-recovered upper coal seam transportation road;
s2, determining the economical efficiency of the stope, wherein the operation of recovering the upper coal seam can be divided into two modes of recovering the coal pillars between the stages and reserving the coal pillars between the stages, calculating the economic effects of the two mining modes of adopting the coal pillars between the mining stages and reserving the coal pillars between the stages by using a cost compensation method, and determining the economical efficiency of the stope as a second condition for verifying the feasibility of pressing and covering the coal resources at the position of the upper coal seam transportation road at the end slope;
s3, determining an exploitation mode, responding to the situation that the end slope meets a first condition and a second condition, determining that the end slope has coal resources covered by the position of the upper coal seam transportation road, comparing economic effects generated by the exploitation mode of the coal pillars between exploitation stages and the reservation mode of the coal pillars between exploitation stages, and determining the exploitation mode of the coal pillars between stages in the operation process of the upper coal seam;
s4, starting sectional recovery operation, forming an operation space by utilizing the inner soil discharge field step working flat disc according to the determined mining mode, and performing sectional recovery operation of the coal seam overlaying resources on the upper part of the end slope;
s5, backfilling the end slope transport road after the segmented recovery operation is finished, and backfilling the end slope transport road by utilizing the inner soil discharge field in time to ensure the smoothness of the end slope transport road and the stability of an end slope and keep the steps of the inner soil discharge field follow up in time;
and S6, recovering the rest parts, and after the mining and backfilling operation of one stage is finished, continuing the mining and backfilling operation of the next stage according to the planned advancing direction of the strip mine until the whole recovery of the overlaying resources of the coal seam on the upper part of the end slope is finished.
Preferably, in step S2, the method further includes: determining road interruption time, calculating the operation time of recovering the end slope coal and the operation time of backfilling the end slope transportation road in a mining stage, and taking the sum of the operation time of recovering the end slope coal and the operation time of the backfilling end slope transportation road as the road interruption time;
preferably, the operation time of recovering the end slope coal and the operation time of backfilling the end slope transportation road are respectively calculated according to the coal rock quantity required to be stripped and backfilled in the operation process:
the recovery end slope coal operation time = total coal rock engineering quantity of a coal bed at the upper part of the recovery end slope/unit time production capacity of the excavator;
the operation time of the transport road of the backfill end slope = backfill amount of the transport road of the end slope/unit time production capacity of the excavator.
Preferably, in step S2, the height of the single step of the refuse dump is 2 times of the height of the single step of the stope, the stope and the refuse dump are communicated by end slope transportation roads, and the number of the end slope transportation roads is the same as the number of the steps of the refuse dump.
Preferably, a staged propelling mode is adopted in the mining process, and the length of the staged recovery end slope coal in the propelling direction is equal to the width of a dumping flat plate of a dumping yard;
preferably, the length of the stage recovery end slope coal in the advancing direction is 100m.
Preferably, in step S2, the operation of recovering the end slope coal and the operation of backfilling the transportation road are both completed by the same excavator equipment, and the specification of the excavator equipment is determined according to the total amount of the upper coal recovered by the end slope.
Preferably, in step S2, when the mining method for recovering coal pillars between stages is adopted, after mining of one stage is completed, the transportation road for the end slope needs to be refilled in time to meet the transportation requirement of stripped objects of the end slope, when mining of the next stage is completed, secondary stripping needs to be performed on part of the refilled road, and when the total profit of the coal quantity of the upper part of the end slope mined out is greater than or equal to the total mining and stripping cost in the process of mining the upper coal bed, and the sum of the transportation cost increased by internal discharge materials due to interruption of the transportation road for the end slope and the total secondary stripping cost between stages is determined to adopt the mining method for recovering coal pillars between stages.
Preferably, in step S2, when the mining method of coal pillars between reserved stages is adopted, after mining of one stage is completed, the transportation road of the end slope needs to be refilled in time to meet the transportation requirement of stripped objects of the end slope, when mining of the next stage is completed, a part of coal pillars needs to be reserved to ensure stability of the slope angle, and when the total profit of the coal amount of the upper part of the end slope in mining is greater than or equal to the total mining and stripping cost in the process of mining the upper coal seam and the transportation cost of increasing internal discharge materials due to interruption of the transportation road of the end slope, the mining method of coal pillars between reserved stages is determined.
Preferably, when the coal pillar mining mode between the reserved stages is adopted, the working areas of the other stages are equal except the first stage.
Preferably, a part of coal pillar is reserved before mining in each stage, and the sum of the length of the coal pillar and the length of the unit recovery coal layer in the advancing direction is the advancing length of each stage of the strip mine.
Preferably, the stable slope angle of the loose materials during backfilling operation is reduced from the original design slope angle to the natural repose angle of the loose materials.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a mining method of an upper coal seam of a composite coal seam strip mine near extraction end slope, which comprises the following steps:
1. the invention provides a criterion for sectionally recovering an upper coal seam of an end wall, and the feasibility and the mining mode of sectionally recovering are determined through early-stage calculation: the method comprises the following steps of determining the stability of an end slope through calculation under the first condition of feasibility of recovering coal resources covered on the upper coal seam transportation road position by the end slope; and the stability of the end slope is used as a second condition for verifying the feasibility of pressing and covering the coal resources at the position of the upper coal seam transportation road recovered at the end slope, and the economic effect of adopting two mining modes of mining pillars between stages and reserving pillars between stages is calculated by using a cost compensation method. Therefore, the feasibility of recovering the coal resources covered on the upper coal seam transportation road at the end slope can be verified.
2. The invention provides a calculation method for determining the mining mode of the coal pillar between the stages in the operation process of recovering the upper coal seam by comparing the economic effects generated by the mining modes of the coal pillar between the two stages when the end slope has two conditions for recovering the coal resources covered on the position of the upper coal seam transportation road.
3. The invention can confirm the road interruption time by calculating the operation time of recovering the end slope coal and the operation time of backfilling the end slope transportation road.
4. The invention utilizes the step dumping of the inner dumping ground to form an operation space, arranges excavating equipment, and utilizes the working flat disc of the step of the inner dumping ground to carry out the sectional recovery operation of the pressing resources of the upper coal seam of the end wall, thereby simultaneously extracting the upper coal seam, the coal seam and the gangue among the mining levels.
5. The invention relates to a mining method of a composite coal seam strip mine upper side coal seam by side stoping, which carries out sectional mining on end side covered coal resources and backfills the coal resources in time.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a near horizontal surface mining process provided according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a single stage recovery of an upper coal seam utilizing an inner drainage space according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of recovery interbed pillar extraction in a push direction provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the stage 1 operating region of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a retention interbed pillar mine pattern in a push direction provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for mining a seam above a highwall for a strip mine of a composite coal seam according to some embodiments of the present application.
Description of reference numerals:
1-an inner soil discharge field; 2-stope; 3-end upper; 4-a working area; 41-stage 1 working area; 42-phase 2 work area; 5-upper coal seam; 6-lower coal seam; 7-clamping the waste rock; 8-secondary stripping amount; 9-coal pillar; a-the work advance direction.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. The various examples are provided by way of explanation of the application and are not limiting of the application. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. It is therefore intended that the present application cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the invention discloses a mining method for an upper coal seam of a highwall stoping end slope of a strip mine of a composite coal seam, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, determining the stability of the end slope.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of a mining process of a near-horizontal surface mine, wherein a is an operation advancing direction, and during the advancing process of a stope, a transportation road at a position of a coal seam on the upper part of an end slope needs to keep an original shape, and mining and backfilling operations are not carried out.
If the haulage road at the position of the upper coal seam of the end wall is mined, the stability of the end wall side slope after the timely follow-up of the internal dump needs to be analyzed and evaluated, a typical position of the most unstable form of the side slope in the process of recovering the upper coal seam is found according to a single-step slope angle alpha of a stope of a strip mine and a single-step slope angle beta of the dump, the stability of the end wall side slope is checked through a slope stability analysis and calculation method, and whether the alpha and the beta have the condition of recovering the upper coal seam is determined. The end slope stability is used as a first condition for verifying the feasibility of pressing and covering coal resources at the position of the upper coal seam transportation road recovered at the end slope.
And S2, determining the economical efficiency of the recovery.
Since reclaiming the upper seam can result in disruption of the highwall haul road, confirming the economics of recovery includes: the road break time is determined, the smaller the road break time is, the more advantageous. The specific calculation is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the present invention uses an inner dump wide dumping step in the elevation level of the floor of the upper coal seam to form a working space, and the upper coal seam 5 and the gangue 7 between the mining levels are extracted together.
In order to simplify the description, in the embodiment, only the right part of the end slope 3 is taken as the working area 4, and in the actual mining process, the two side end slopes 3 can be arranged with working lines to carry out the operation of recovering the upper coal seam.
The operation propulsion direction a of the application is the same as the propulsion direction of the stope 2, the working area 4 for stage recovery of the upper coal seam 5 is shown in fig. 2 and 4, in the embodiment, a two-layer coal seam nearly horizontal strip mine is taken as an example, for convenience of calculation, the length of the working line at the elevation position of the working area 4 is assumed to be L r The horizontal end wall 3 of the working area 4 has a transport distance L d The height of a single step of the stope 2 is H, the thickness of the upper coal seam 5 is m, the slope angle of the step is alpha, and the width of the end slope transportation road is 40m.
Further, for the nearly horizontal strip mine, in order to ensure the stability of production continuation, the height of a single step of the refuse dump is 2 times of the height H of the single step of the stope 2, the stope 2 is communicated with the inner refuse dump 1 through an end slope transportation road, and the number of the end slope 3 transportation road is the same as that of the steps of the inner refuse dump 1.
The working parameters of the recovery end slope coal and the backfill operation can be determined according to actual requirements, and the operation time of the recovery end slope coal and the operation time of the backfill end slope transportation road can be calculated according to the coal rock quantity to be stripped and backfilled in the operation process:
the recovery end slope coal operation time = total coal rock engineering quantity of a coal bed at the upper part of the recovery end slope/unit time production capacity of the excavator;
the operation time of the transport road of the backfill end slope = backfill amount of the transport road of the end slope/unit time production capacity of the excavator.
Due to the need to ensure stability of the working zone 4 during recovery of the upper seam, staged propulsion is required during mining.
Furthermore, in order to reduce the interruption time of the end slope transportation road as much as possible and reduce the recovery times as much as possible, the upper limit of the recovery length is the width of the dumping step, the longer the recovery length under the condition of the same length is pushed, the smaller the recovery times are, and the shorter the interruption time is, therefore, the width of the dumping flat plate of the stage recovery end slope coal length dumping site in the pushing direction is.
Preferably, the length of the stage recovery end slope coal in the advancing direction is 100m.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate the operation, the operation of recovering the end slope coal in one mining area and the operation of backfilling the transportation road are completed by the same device, the existing device is adopted as much as possible when the excavator device is selected, and the specific device specification needs to be determined on the basis of accounting the total amount of the upper coal recovered by the end slope.
Suppose the excavator has a capacity of Q w And when the length of the recovered end slope coal in the calculation stage is 100m, the total engineering quantity of coal rock of the upper coal seam of the recovered end slope is as follows:
in formula (1):
h, the height of the stope step is m;
alpha-stable slope angle of single step of stope, unit is degree;
beta-single step stable slope angle of the refuse dump, the unit is DEG;
d, the width of the upper coal seam can be recovered in a single stage, and the unit is m.
Assuming that the excavator has a capacity Q in the operation of recovering the upper coal seam w1 And then, the operation time of recovering the end slope coal in one mining stage is as follows:
after the transportation roads at the upper coal seam are completely recycled and the overall stability of the end slope is not affected, considering the characteristic that the stable side slope angle of the loose materials needs to be reduced from the originally designed side slope angle to the natural angle of repose of the loose materials during the backfilling operation, and calculating the total amount of the backfilling materials required by the follow-up backfilling operation:
in formula (3):
h, the height of the stope step is m;
alpha-stable slope angle of single step of stope, unit is degree;
beta-single step stable slope angle of the refuse dump, the unit is DEG;
d, the width of the upper coal seam can be recovered in a single stage, and the unit is m.
Assuming that the excavator has a capacity Q in the operation of recovering the upper coal seam w2 And then backfilling the operation time of the end slope transportation road:
and assuming that the annual push progress is 300m/a, the operation time of the upper coal seam of the stage recovery is 4 months. End slope coal recovery operation time T in one mining stage 1 And backfilling end slope transport road operation time T 2 And the sum is used as the road break time. The total duration of the 4-month period minus the interruption time is the time that can be passed, with smaller interruptions being more advantageous.
Since the recovery of the upper coal seam causes the interruption of the end slope transportation road, the transportation distance of the stripped objects during the operation is increased, the transportation cost is generated, and the economic benefit generated by the recovery of the upper coal seam is reduced.
As shown in fig. 3, it is desirable to recover the upper coal seam 5 in the working area 4 by simultaneously mining the gangue 7 between the upper coal seam 5 and the elevated level of the working area 4. When the thickness of the upper coal seam 5 is small, the economic benefit of recovering the upper coal seam 5 is insufficient to offset the increased transportation costs during operation, and the recovery of the upper coal seam 5 is not economical.
The operation of recovering the upper coal seam can be divided into two modes of recovering the coal pillars between the stages and reserving the coal pillars between the stages, the economic effect of adopting the two mining modes of mining the coal pillars between the stages and reserving the coal pillars between the stages is calculated by using a cost compensation method, and the feasibility of recovering the coal resources covered on the transportation road position of the upper coal seam at the end slope is verified. Therefore, the economics of both mining modes are determined as a second condition for verifying the feasibility of overburden coal resources at the highwall recovery topsides.
The following further analysis was made for each of the two mining modes:
(1) And when the coal pillar between the recovery stages is adopted in the operation process of recovering the upper coal seam.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, when the coal pillar working method between the recovery stages is adopted, a in the drawing is a working advancing direction. After the mining of the stage 1 work area 41 is completed, the end slope haul road needs to be timely backfilled to meet the transportation requirements of the end slope spall. When working the phase 2 work area 42, a secondary strip of partially backfilled roads is required. Meanwhile, a part of the coal pillar 9 needs to be reserved in the operation advancing direction a, the secondary stripping amount 8 is generated when the part of the coal pillar 9 is recovered, and the volume of the secondary stripping amount 8 between two adjacent mining stages is calculated by combining fig. 5 and fig. 6 as follows:
and calculating the feasibility of recovering the upper coal seam by using a cost compensation method, namely compensating the expense of increasing the transport distance caused by the interruption of the end slope transportation road caused by operation and the expense of compensating the secondary stripping between adjacent stages by using the total value of recovering the upper coal seam within the annual push range.
Under the condition that the annual push progress is 300m/a, 3 stages are required to be mined in the annual push range, secondary stripping is carried out between two stages, and in the process of recovering the upper coal seam, the increase of the material transportation distance caused by the interruption of the horizontal transportation road of the coal seam can be represented by the transportation distance of the ramp of the adjacent step.
When stope step height is H, for the transportation contact between the adjacent step of establishment, supposing that the transportation road slope between two adjacent steps is i, then the road is interrupted the material transport distance that increases:
L x ＝H/i (6)
in the formula: i-the maximum ramp angle of the vehicle, generally 8%.
Assuming that the quantity of coal and rock passing through the coal seam roof horizontal transportation road in the production period is Q, the transportation cost of the increased inner row materials caused by the interruption of the end slope transportation road is as follows:
in the formula: c y Cost per stripper transport over the production period.
(1) In the annual propulsion range, the total profit of the coal amount on the upper part of the end slope, which can be mined by adopting a recovery interstage coal pillar mining mode, is as follows:
(2) and in the process of mining the upper coal seam 5, the total mining and stripping cost is as follows:
(3) and 8 total cost of secondary stripping amount between stages:
in the formula:
C b -unit pick and strip costs;
W b -total cost of secondary stripping between stages.
When M is 1 ≥W+W b +W c1 In time, it is reasonable to think of when retrieving the upper coal seam, this moment:
the formula (11) is used as a criterion for economic feasibility when the coal pillars between the stages are recovered in the process of recovering the upper coal seam. When the calculation satisfies equation (11), it is considered reasonable to recover the upper coal seam.
(2) And when the coal pillars between the reserved stages are adopted in the operation process of recovering the upper coal seam.
As shown in fig. 7, when the mining method of the coal pillar between the reserved stages is adopted, after the mining of the 1 st stage working area 41 is completed, the end slope transportation road needs to be refilled in time to meet the transportation requirement of the end slope stripping object. When working area 42 at stage 2 is mined, a portion of the coal pillar 9 is retained to ensure the slope angle is stable, and the length of recoverable coal from working area 42 at stage 2 in the direction of work advance a is reduced due to the presence of the coal pillar 9.
Reduced per working line length L in the direction of propulsion j Comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 7, the total volume of the coal petrography amount of the coal pillar 9 between two adjacent mining stages, i.e. the total volume of the coal petrography amount of the coal pillar between the two mining stages:
coal pillar covering quantity between stages:
the sizes of the working areas of the other stages are approximately equal except for the working area 41 of the 1 st stage in which the reserved interstage pillar extraction mode is started. To simplify the calculation process, the propulsion position in a certain year in the propulsion phase is used as a basis for the calculation. Namely, a coal pillar 9 with a certain size needs to be reserved before mining in each stage, and the sum of the length of the coal pillar 9 and the length of a unit recovery coal seam in the advancing direction is 100m of the advancing length of each stage of the strip mine.
(1) And in the annual promotion range, the total profit of the upper coal amount of the end slope which can be mined by a reserved interstage coal pillar mining mode is adopted:
(2) and in the process of extracting the upper coal seam, the total mining and stripping cost is as follows:
in the formula: c b -unit stripping cost.
When M is 2 ≥W+W c2 In time, it is reasonable to think of when retrieving the upper coal seam, this moment:
the formula (17) is used as a criterion with economic feasibility when the coal pillars between stages are reserved in the process of recovering the upper coal seam, and when the calculation satisfies the formula (17), the upper coal seam is considered to be reasonable when recovered.
When the formula (11) and the formula (17) are not satisfied, the recovery of the upper coal seam is not reasonable, and the second condition of the feasibility of covering the coal resources at the position of the transportation road of the upper coal seam at the end slope is not satisfied.
When at least one of the formula (11) and the formula (17) is established, the recovery of the upper coal seam is considered to be reasonable, and the second condition of the feasibility of covering the coal resources at the position of the transportation road of the upper coal seam at the end slope is met.
And S3, confirming the mining mode.
Responding to the situation that the end slope meets the first condition and the second condition, and after the end slope is determined to be capable of recovering the coal resources covered on the transportation road position of the upper coal seam:
if at least one of the equations (11) and (17) is satisfied, the interstage pillar coal mining is performed in a mining mode satisfying the second condition.
When the formula (11) and the formula (17) are both established, profits of two mining modes of mining the coal pillar between the mining stages and reserving the coal pillar between the mining stages are respectively calculated, and the mining mode of the coal pillar between the mining stages in the operation process of recovering the upper coal seam is determined after comparison. The method comprises the following specific steps:
when the recovery intersegment coal pillar mining mode is adopted, the total profit of the coal amount on the upper part of the end slope which can be mined is M 1 The increased transportation cost of the inner row materials caused by the interruption of the end slope transportation road is W, and the total stripping cost is W c1 Total cost of secondary stripping between stages W b Profit by recovery intersegment pillar mining 3
M 3 ＝M 1 -W-W b -W c1 (18)
When the method of mining the coal pillars between the reserved stages is adopted, the total profit of the coal amount on the upper part of the end slope which can be mined is M 2 Total cost of mining and stripping is W c2 The increased freight rate of the internal row materials caused by the interruption of the end slope transportation road is W, and the profit of the reserved coal pillar mining mode is M 4 ，
M 4 ＝M 2 -W-W c2 (19)
After the economy of the coal pillar is calculated and recovered by combining the actual conditions on site, M is compared 3 And M 4 When M is 4 ＞M 3 In time, a coal pillar mining mode between reserved stages is adopted; when M is 4 ＜M 3 In the process, a recovery interstage pillar mining mode is adopted, and finally, an operation mode for recovering the upper coal seam 5 is determined.
And step S4, starting the sectional recycling operation.
And (5) after the mining mode of the upper coal seam is determined according to the step S5, utilizing the step dumping operation space of the inner dumping ground to arrange mining equipment, utilizing the step working flat disc of the inner dumping ground to carry out the sectional recovery operation of the pressing resources of the upper coal seam at the end slope, and mining the upper coal seam, the coal seam and the gangue among the mining levels together to carry out the sectional recovery operation of the pressing resources of the upper coal seam at the end slope.
And S5, backfilling the end slope transportation road.
After the recovery operation of each stage is completed, the end slope transport road is backfilled by utilizing the inner soil discharge field in time, so that the smoothness of the end slope transport road is ensured, the stability of the end slope is ensured, and the steps of the inner soil discharge field are kept to follow up in time.
And S6, recovering the rest part.
And (5) after the mining and backfilling operation of one stage is finished, continuing the mining and backfilling operation of the next stage according to the planned advancing direction of the strip mine, and repeating the step (S4) and the step (S5) until all the overlaying resources of the coal seam on the upper part of the end slope are completely recovered.
In conclusion, the invention provides a mining method of an upper coal seam of a composite coal seam strip mine leaning extraction end slope, which comprises the following steps:
1. the invention provides a criterion for sectionally recovering an upper coal seam of an end wall, and the feasibility and the mining mode of sectionally recovering are determined through early-stage calculation: the method comprises the following steps of determining the stability of an end slope through calculation under the first condition of feasibility of recovering coal resources covered on the upper coal seam transportation road position by the end slope; and the stability of the slope of the end slope is used as a second condition for verifying the feasibility of pressing and covering the coal resources at the position of the upper coal seam transportation road recovered at the end slope, and the economic effect of adopting two mining modes of mining the coal pillars between the stages and reserving the coal pillars between the stages is calculated by using a cost compensation method. Therefore, the feasibility of recovering the coal resources covered on the upper coal seam transportation road at the end slope can be verified.
2. The invention provides a calculation method for determining the mining mode of the coal pillar between stages in the operation process of recovering an upper coal seam by comparing the economic effects generated by the mining modes of the coal pillar between the two stages when an end slope has two conditions for recovering coal resources covered on the transportation road position of the upper coal seam.
3. The invention can confirm the road interruption time by calculating the operation time of recovering the end slope coal and the operation time of backfilling the end slope transportation road.
4. The invention utilizes the step dumping of the inner dumping ground to form an operation space, arranges excavating equipment, and utilizes the working flat disc of the step of the inner dumping ground to carry out the sectional recovery operation of the pressing resources of the upper coal seam of the end wall, thereby simultaneously extracting the upper coal seam, the coal seam and the gangue among the mining levels.
5. The invention relates to a mining method of a composite coal seam strip mine upper side coal seam by side stoping, which carries out sectional mining on end side covered coal resources and backfills the coal resources in time.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A mining method for an upper coal bed of a composite coal bed strip mine near-wall stoping end wall is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of S1, determining the stability of an end slope, analyzing and evaluating the stability of the end slope after an inner dump is timely followed, checking the stability of the slope through a slope stability analysis calculation method according to a stope single-step slope angle alpha and a dump single-step slope angle beta of a strip mine, determining whether the alpha and the beta have conditions for recovering an upper coal seam, and using the stability of the end slope as a first condition for verifying the feasibility of pressing and covering coal resources at an end-slope recovery upper coal seam transportation road position;
s2, determining the economical efficiency of the stope, wherein the operation of recovering the upper coal seam is divided into two modes of mining the coal pillar between the mining stages and reserving the coal pillar between the mining stages, the economic effect of the mining modes of mining the coal pillar between the mining stages and reserving the coal pillar between the mining stages is calculated by using a cost compensation method, and the economical efficiency of the stope is determined as a second condition for verifying the feasibility of pressing and covering the coal resource at the position of the upper coal seam transportation road at the end slope;
s3, determining an exploitation mode, responding to the situation that the end slope meets a first condition and a second condition, determining that the end slope has coal resources covered by the position of the upper coal seam transportation road, comparing economic effects generated by the exploitation mode of the coal pillars between exploitation stages and the reservation mode of the coal pillars between exploitation stages, and determining the exploitation mode of the coal pillars between stages in the operation process of the upper coal seam;
s4, starting sectional recovery operation, forming an operation space by utilizing the inner soil discharge field step working flat disc according to the determined mining mode, and performing sectional recovery operation of the coal seam overlaying resources on the upper part of the end slope;
s5, backfilling the end slope transport road after the segmented recovery operation is finished, and backfilling the end slope transport road by utilizing the inner soil discharge field in time to ensure the smoothness of the end slope transport road and the stability of an end slope and keep the steps of the inner soil discharge field follow up in time;
and S6, recovering the rest parts, and after the mining and backfilling operation of one stage is finished, continuing the mining and backfilling operation of the next stage according to the planned advancing direction of the strip mine until the whole recovery of the pressing and covering resources of the upper coal bed of the end slope is finished.
2. The method for mining the upper coal seam of the highwall caving mine caving roof stoping end slope according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the method further comprises: determining road interruption time, calculating the operation time of recovering the end slope coal and the operation time of backfilling the end slope transportation road in a mining stage, and taking the sum of the operation time of recovering the end slope coal and the operation time of the backfilling end slope transportation road as the road interruption time;
the operation time of recovering the end slope coal and the operation time of backfilling the end slope transportation road are respectively calculated according to the coal rock quantity required to be stripped and backfilled in the operation process:
the recovery end slope coal operation time = total coal rock engineering quantity of a coal bed at the upper part of the recovery end slope/unit time production capacity of the excavator;
the operation time of the transport road of the backfill end slope = backfill amount of the transport road of the end slope/unit time production capacity of the excavator.
3. The method for mining the upper coal seam of the end slope for drawing back the strip mine of the composite coal seam according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the height of the single step of the refuse dump is 2 times of the height of the single step of the refuse dump, the refuse dump and the refuse dump are communicated by end slope transportation roads, and the number of the end slope transportation roads is the same as the number of the steps of the refuse dump.
4. The method for mining the upper coal seam of the profiling end slope of the strip mine of the composite coal seam according to claim 2, wherein a staged advancing mode is adopted in the mining process, and the length of the staged recovered end slope coal in the advancing direction is equal to the width of a dumping pan of a dumping site;
the length of the stage recovery end slope coal in the advancing direction is 100m.
5. The method for mining the upper coal seam of the side-by-side stoping end slope of the open pit mine of the composite coal seam as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the coal recovery end slope operation and the road backfill transportation operation are both completed by the same excavator equipment, and the specifications of the excavator equipment are determined according to the total amount of the upper coal recovered by the end slope.
6. The method for mining the upper coal seam of the end slope for profiling of the open pit mine of the composite coal seam according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, when a mining manner of coal pillars between mining stages is adopted, after mining of one stage is completed, the end slope transportation road needs to be refilled in time to meet the transportation requirement of end slope stripped objects, when mining of the next stage is completed, secondary stripping needs to be carried out on part of the backfilled road, and when the total profit of the mined coal amount on the upper part of the end slope is more than or equal to the total mining stripping cost in the process of mining the upper coal seam, the transportation cost of increased inner discharge materials due to the interruption of the end slope transportation road and the total cost of secondary stripping between stages, the mining manner of the coal pillars between mining stages is determined.
7. The method for mining the upper coal seam of the end slope for profiling of the open pit mine of the composite coal seam according to claim 6, wherein in the step S2, when a mining mode of reserving the coal pillars between the stages is adopted, after mining of one stage is completed, the end slope transportation road needs to be refilled in time to meet the transportation requirement of stripped end slopes, when mining of the next stage is completed, a part of the coal pillars needs to be reserved to ensure the stability of the slope angle, and when the total profit of the mined upper coal seam of the end slope is more than or equal to the total mining stripping cost in the process of mining the upper coal seam and the transportation cost of increasing internal discharge materials due to the interruption of the transportation road of the end slope, the mining mode of reserving the coal pillars between the stages is determined.
8. The method for mining the upper coal seam of the highwall caving mine caving stoping end slope of claim 7, wherein the size of the working area of each stage is equal except the first stage of the beginning when the method of mining the coal pillar between the reserved stages is adopted.
9. The method for mining the upper coal seam of the highwall caving mine caving stoping end slope of the composite coal seam according to claim 8, wherein a part of coal pillar is required to be reserved before mining of each stage, and the sum of the length of the coal pillar and the length of the unit recovered coal seam in the advancing direction is the advancing length of each stage of the opencast mine.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the stable slope angle of the bulk material is reduced from an originally designed slope angle to a natural angle of repose of the bulk material during the backfilling operation.
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| CN113742949B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-07-15 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for determining mining width of high-position coal seam of strip mine of composite coal seam |
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