CN112846082A - Valve machining method - Google Patents

Valve machining method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112846082A
CN112846082A CN202110205368.1A CN202110205368A CN112846082A CN 112846082 A CN112846082 A CN 112846082A CN 202110205368 A CN202110205368 A CN 202110205368A CN 112846082 A CN112846082 A CN 112846082A
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China
Prior art keywords
mold
casting
wax
shell
shell mold
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Granted
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CN202110205368.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112846082B (en
Inventor
潘中来
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lianyungang Zhonglai Valve Co Ltd
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Lianyungang Zhonglai Valve Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B22C7/02—Lost patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
    • B22C9/043—Removing the consumable pattern
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/082—Sprues, pouring cups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D31/00—Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
    • B22D31/002—Cleaning, working on castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/001—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a valve, in particular to a valve machining method, which comprises the following steps: manufacturing a wax injection mold; wax injection molding wax mold by wax injection machine; removing the redundant supports and corners of the wax mould, repairing the wax mould and polishing; carrying out slurry coating and sand dipping treatment on the wax mould, and repeating for multiple times until the required thickness or the required number of layers is achieved to obtain a shell; heating the shell, and removing the inner wax mold to obtain a shell mold; cleaning a shell mold; burying the shell mold into a sand box; putting the sand box with the shell mold into a sintering furnace, and heating the shell mold; casting the prepared molten steel into a shell mold; naturally cooling, taking out the shell mold and the casting, and breaking the shell mold by vibration to obtain the casting; sand removal and polishing are carried out on the surface of the casting; performing radiographic inspection on the casting; and processing the casting according to a drawing to obtain the valve. The method improves the casting mode and the casting material, thereby ensuring stable production quality, high casting quality, less machining allowance and low machining cost.

Description

Valve machining method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a valve, in particular to a machining method of the valve.
Background
A valve is a device that controls the direction, pressure and flow of a fluid. The device is widely used for fluid pipelines such as liquid or gas and the like, and is used for realizing the switching and reversing of fluid and the pressure or flow change in the pipelines, so that the fluid system terminal can realize certain functions.
Due to the structural characteristics of the valve, the valve is mostly cast and then machined. However, the valve cannot detect the casting quality in the casting process, the detection can be performed only after the casting is finished, the batch processing quality fluctuation is large, the product qualified rate is low, and the cost is high. The quality problems of the existing castings mainly include inclusions, slag inclusion, air holes, shrinkage porosity and cracks.
The existing casting method for the precision valve has large machining allowance, so that the later machining workload is large, and the machining cost is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a valve processing method with stable casting production quality, high casting quality, less machining allowance and low processing cost, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for processing a valve comprises the following steps: manufacturing a wax injection mold, designing a wax mold, and manufacturing the wax injection mold according to the wax mold; molding a wax mold, and injecting wax by using a wax injector to mold the wax mold; wax mould treatment, namely removing redundant supports and corners of the wax mould, repairing the wax mould and polishing; preparing a shell, namely performing slurry coating and sand dipping treatment on a wax mould, and repeating the steps for multiple times until the required thickness or layer number is reached to obtain a shell; dewaxing, namely heating the shell, and removing the internal wax pattern to obtain a shell pattern; cleaning the shell mold, and cleaning the shell mold after cooling to remove residual impurities to obtain the shell mold with a smooth inner contact surface; fixing the shell mold, and burying the shell mold in a sand box; heating the shell mold, putting the sand box with the shell mold into a sintering furnace, and heating the shell mold; casting, namely casting the prepared molten steel into a shell mold; removing shells, naturally cooling, taking out the shell mold and the casting, and breaking the shell mold by vibration to obtain the casting; performing surface treatment, namely performing sand removal and polishing on the surface of the casting; detecting, namely performing radiographic inspection on the casting; and machining, namely machining the casting according to a drawing to obtain the valve.
Preferably, the heating temperature during dewaxing is not lower than 1300 ℃.
Preferably, in the shell manufacturing process, the outermost layer is coated sand.
Preferably, the molten steel is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight:
90-100 parts of cast steel; 1-1.5 parts of ferrosilicon; 2-5 parts of ferroniobium; 0.5-0.7 part of manganese; 0.2-0.4 parts of nickel; 4-6 parts of a deslagging agent.
Preferably, heat treatment is carried out before detection, the temperature is not lower than 1100 ℃ during heat treatment, the heat preservation time is 12-18 min, and then quenching is carried out.
Preferably, the pouring channel of the shell mould is a bottom pouring channel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the machining method of the valve, the casting mode and the casting material are improved, so that the production quality is stable, the casting quality is high, the machining allowance is small, and the machining cost is low.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be further described with reference to examples.
A method for processing a valve comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a wax injection mold, designing a wax mold, and manufacturing the wax injection mold according to the wax mold;
molding a wax mold, and injecting wax by using a wax injector to mold the wax mold;
wax mould treatment, namely removing redundant supports and corners of the wax mould, repairing the wax mould and polishing;
preparing a shell, namely performing slurry coating and sand dipping treatment on a wax mould, and repeating the steps for multiple times until the required thickness or layer number is reached to obtain a shell;
dewaxing, namely heating the shell, and removing the internal wax pattern to obtain a shell pattern;
cleaning the shell mold, and cleaning the shell mold after cooling to remove residual impurities to obtain the shell mold with a smooth inner contact surface;
fixing the shell mold, and burying the shell mold in a sand box;
heating the shell mold, putting the sand box with the shell mold into a sintering furnace, and heating the shell mold;
casting, namely casting the prepared molten steel into a shell mold;
removing shells, naturally cooling, taking out the shell mold and the casting, and breaking the shell mold by vibration to obtain the casting;
performing surface treatment, namely performing sand removal and polishing on the surface of the casting;
detecting, namely performing radiographic inspection on the casting;
and machining, namely machining the casting according to a drawing to obtain the valve.
The heating temperature is not lower than 1300 ℃ during dewaxing. The wax pattern in the shell can be completely vaporized.
And during shell manufacturing, the outermost layer adopts precoated sand.
The molten steel is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight:
90-100 parts of cast steel;
1-1.5 parts of ferrosilicon;
2-5 parts of ferroniobium;
0.5-0.7 part of manganese;
0.2-0.4 parts of nickel;
4-6 parts of a deslagging agent.
And (3) carrying out heat treatment before detection, wherein the temperature is not lower than 1100 ℃ during the heat treatment, the heat preservation time is 12-18 min, and then quenching.
After heat treatment, a single austenite structure can be obtained.
And the pouring gate of the shell mold is a bottom pouring gate. The inner pouring channel of the bottom pouring channel basically works in a submerged state, the mold filling is stable, and the splashing and the oxidation of molten metal and the casting defects caused by the splashing and the oxidation can be avoided.
The shell mold is buried in the sand box, so that the situation that the shell mold is broken due to unbalanced internal and external pressure during pouring can be avoided, and the pouring stability is improved.
The shell mold is heated and poured, so that the fluidity of molten steel can be improved, the quality of a casting can be improved, and the problems of inclusion, slag inclusion, air holes, shrinkage porosity, cracks, chromium oxide film generation on the surface, surface wrinkle, cold shut and the like can be reduced.
The wax mould can effectively improve the casting precision, reduce the machining allowance, improve the machining efficiency, reduce the cost and effectively improve the casting quality.
The sulfur content is high, sulfur and hydrogen form hydrogen sulfide in use of the valve, the hydrogen sulfide can cause stress corrosion cracking of metal materials at normal temperature, the metal materials can be rapidly and uniformly corroded at high temperature and high pressure, and the use requirement of the valve in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment cannot be met. In order to meet the use requirement of the high-temperature and high-pressure valve, the content of harmful element sulfur is strictly controlled to be below 0.015 percent, and the content of harmful element phosphorus is controlled to be below 0.020 percent.
The C element in the steel has strong affinity with Cr, the formation of Cr carbide in the stainless steel can be reduced due to the low content of the C element, so that the content of Cr in a solid solution is increased, the corrosion resistance of the material is improved, the S element is most likely to cause the casting to generate heat cracking, and the higher the sulfur content is, the lower the temperature for generating the heat cracking is. S element exists in the steel in the form of ferro-manganese sulfide, an S-rich liquid film can be remained in the dendritic crystal after most of molten steel is solidified, when the liquid film is solidified and contracted, the S-rich liquid film with lower strength and plasticity can crack due to stress concentration, and the P element can form Fe3P hard brittle phase in the steel, so that the cold brittleness of the steel is increased.
The contents of main alloy elements Cr, Ni, Mn and Mo meet the ASTM A351 standard, and the four alloy elements are main austenite forming elements and are beneficial to forming a stable austenite structure at room temperature. Cr element can improve the potential of the stainless steel electrode and form a compact oxide film on the surface, and is a main element determining the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel; ni is an austenite stabilizing element, can expand an austenite phase region, and can effectively reduce the ferrite content in the austenitic stainless steel; mn is a weaker austenite forming element and mainly acts on stabilizing an austenite structure, and Mo can improve the passivation capability of stainless steel and enlarge the passivation medium range.
The content of Nb element is 0.383 percent, which is more than 8 times of the content of C in the material and less than 1 percent. The Nb element is a strong carbide forming element, and can be preferentially combined with the C element when being added according to a certain proportion to the carbon content, so that the formation of Cr element carbide in the structure is reduced, and the intergranular corrosion of austenitic stainless steel caused by intergranular poor Cr can be effectively reduced.
Example one
The molten steel is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight:
90 parts of cast steel; 1 part of ferrosilicon; 2 parts of ferroniobium; 0.5 part of manganese; 0.2 part of nickel; 4 parts of slag remover.
Example two
The molten steel is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight:
92 parts of cast steel; 1.1 parts of ferrosilicon; 2.5 parts of ferroniobium; 0.55 part of manganese; 0.25 part of nickel; 4.5 parts of slag removing agent.
EXAMPLE III
The molten steel is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight:
94 parts of cast steel; 1.2 parts of ferrosilicon; 3 parts of ferroniobium; 0.6 part of manganese; 0.3 part of nickel; 5 parts of a deslagging agent.
Example four
The molten steel is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight:
96 parts of cast steel; 1.3 parts of ferrosilicon; 4 parts of ferroniobium; 0.65 part of manganese; 0.36 part of nickel; 5.5 parts of slag removing agent.
EXAMPLE five
The molten steel is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight:
98 parts of cast steel; 1.4 parts of ferrosilicon; 4.5 parts of ferrocolumbium; 0.68 part of manganese; 0.38 part of nickel; 4.8 parts of slag removing agent.
EXAMPLE six
The molten steel is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight:
100 parts of cast steel; 1.5 parts of ferrosilicon; 5 parts of ferrocolumbium; 0.7 part of manganese; 0.4 part of nickel; 6 parts of a deslagging agent.
The surface of the casting is free of ridged protrusions formed by moving or crushing sand, the surface is free of defects such as macrocracks, bulges, oxide scales and the like, the integral surface of the casting is good in quality, smooth and uniform in surface, high in size precision, and free of defects such as sand holes, air holes and cracks in the casting.
The 100% radiographic inspection is carried out, no crack exists, and the air hole, the shrinkage cavity and the sand inclusion meet the requirement of level 2.

Claims (6)

1. A valve machining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
manufacturing a wax injection mold, designing a wax mold, and manufacturing the wax injection mold according to the wax mold;
molding a wax mold, and injecting wax by using a wax injector to mold the wax mold;
wax mould treatment, namely removing redundant supports and corners of the wax mould, repairing the wax mould and polishing;
preparing a shell, namely performing slurry coating and sand dipping treatment on a wax mould, and repeating the steps for multiple times until the required thickness or layer number is reached to obtain a shell;
dewaxing, namely heating the shell, and removing the internal wax pattern to obtain a shell pattern;
cleaning the shell mold, and cleaning the shell mold after cooling to remove residual impurities to obtain the shell mold with a smooth inner contact surface;
fixing the shell mold, and burying the shell mold in a sand box;
heating the shell mold, putting the sand box with the shell mold into a sintering furnace, and heating the shell mold;
casting, namely casting the prepared molten steel into a shell mold;
removing shells, naturally cooling, taking out the shell mold and the casting, and breaking the shell mold by vibration to obtain the casting;
performing surface treatment, namely performing sand removal and polishing on the surface of the casting;
detecting, namely performing radiographic inspection on the casting;
and machining, namely machining the casting according to a drawing to obtain the valve.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the valve is a valve body,
the heating temperature is not lower than 1300 ℃ during dewaxing.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the valve is a valve body,
and during shell manufacturing, the outermost layer adopts precoated sand.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the valve is a valve body,
the molten steel is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight:
90-100 parts of cast steel;
1-1.5 parts of ferrosilicon;
2-5 parts of ferroniobium;
0.5-0.7 part of manganese;
0.2-0.4 parts of nickel;
4-6 parts of a deslagging agent.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the valve is a valve body,
and carrying out heat treatment before detection, wherein the temperature is not lower than 1100 ℃ during the heat treatment, the heat preservation time is 12-18 min, and then quenching.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the valve is a valve body,
and the pouring gate of the shell mold is a bottom pouring gate.
CN202110205368.1A 2021-02-24 2021-02-24 Valve machining method Active CN112846082B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN112846082B CN112846082B (en) 2023-06-20

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101984125A (en) * 2010-10-19 2011-03-09 昆明嘉和科技股份有限公司 Alloy material resistant to sulphuric acid at 220 DEG C. and method for preparing the same
CN103572178A (en) * 2012-08-07 2014-02-12 上海世传金属材料研发中心 High-temperature-resistant steel and production method thereof
CN105256247A (en) * 2015-11-10 2016-01-20 盐城市圣泰阀门有限公司 Ferrite type heat-resistant steel used for coal-fired power generation boiler pipeline and valve type castings
CN107716866A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-02-23 曹安飞 A kind of production technology of water-saving closet sewage draining valve
CN107794456A (en) * 2017-11-15 2018-03-13 朱建海 A kind of processing technology of valve high intensity flange
CN108356224A (en) * 2018-02-28 2018-08-03 浙江立大阀门有限公司 A kind of valve essence casting environment-protective process flow
CN109773122A (en) * 2019-02-19 2019-05-21 大成（常熟）机械有限公司 A kind of production technology and valve castings of the model casting of valve castings

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101984125A (en) * 2010-10-19 2011-03-09 昆明嘉和科技股份有限公司 Alloy material resistant to sulphuric acid at 220 DEG C. and method for preparing the same
CN103572178A (en) * 2012-08-07 2014-02-12 上海世传金属材料研发中心 High-temperature-resistant steel and production method thereof
CN105256247A (en) * 2015-11-10 2016-01-20 盐城市圣泰阀门有限公司 Ferrite type heat-resistant steel used for coal-fired power generation boiler pipeline and valve type castings
CN107716866A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-02-23 曹安飞 A kind of production technology of water-saving closet sewage draining valve
CN107794456A (en) * 2017-11-15 2018-03-13 朱建海 A kind of processing technology of valve high intensity flange
CN108356224A (en) * 2018-02-28 2018-08-03 浙江立大阀门有限公司 A kind of valve essence casting environment-protective process flow
CN109773122A (en) * 2019-02-19 2019-05-21 大成（常熟）机械有限公司 A kind of production technology and valve castings of the model casting of valve castings

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