CN112830836A - Preparation method of microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112830836A CN112830836A CN202110066035.5A CN202110066035A CN112830836A CN 112830836 A CN112830836 A CN 112830836A CN 202110066035 A CN202110066035 A CN 202110066035A CN 112830836 A CN112830836 A CN 112830836A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: s1, crushing the tomato leftovers; s2, carbonizing cotton straws and crushing; s3, smashing the excrement of the livestock or the poultry; s4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry, and controlling moisture to obtain a fermented and decomposed raw material; s5, preparing a microbial agent; and S6, mixing the fermented and decomposed raw materials with a microbial agent, composting, turning over piles and completing decomposition. The preparation method of the microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer fully utilizes the biomass resource of the cotton straw of the tomato leftovers, and is environment-friendly and green. The organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer has good fertilizer efficiency, can improve the chlorophyll content of crops, promotes photosynthesis, and improves yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer.
Background
The organic fertilizer is prepared by taking animal and plant residues such as livestock and poultry excrement, crop straws and the like as raw materials and performing harmless treatment and decomposition. China is a traditional agricultural country, and the application of organic fertilizers is an excellent tradition of agricultural production. In the production process of the organic fertilizer, biomass as a raw material and a microbial agent playing an important role in fermentation and decomposition are important key factors.
Tomatoes and cotton are planted in large quantities in the Xinjiang area, and a large amount of related biomass is generated, such as tomato leftovers including tomato skin residue and small tomatoes which do not meet the specification, and cotton straws. The by-product tomato peel dregs in the tomato processing process approximately account for 3-5% of the weight of the tomato. The yield of cotton stalks is even more surprising. The biomass is accumulated in a large amount, occupies space, even generates odor and pollutes the environment. The utilization of the biomass can eliminate pollution and change waste into valuable. At present, few reports are provided for producing organic fertilizer by utilizing tomato leftovers and cotton straws.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer, which takes tomato leftovers and cotton straws as main raw materials and obtains the organic fertilizer by fermenting and decomposing through the microbial agent.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the tomato leftovers;
s2, carbonizing cotton straws and crushing;
s3, smashing the excrement of the livestock or the poultry;
s4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry, and controlling moisture to obtain a fermented and decomposed raw material;
s5, preparing a microbial agent;
and S6, mixing the fermented and decomposed raw materials with a microbial agent, composting, turning over piles and completing decomposition.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the tomato offal comprises tomato pomace and tomatoes.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step S2, the cotton stalk is cotton stalk without branches, leaves and cotton bolls.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the S3 step, the excrements of the livestock or poultry are one or more of cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung and chicken dung.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbonization temperature of the cotton straw in the step of S2 is 400-.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the tomato offal, carbonized cotton straw, and excrements of livestock or poultry are crushed to 2cm or less in the S1 step, the S2 step, and the S3 step.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step S4, the crushed tomato offal, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the C/N of the mixture is controlled to be 20 to 30.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step S4, the weight ratio of the crushed tomato offal, carbonized cotton straw and excrements of livestock or poultry is (15-45): (25-55): (30-60).
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the S4 step, the crushed tomato offal, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 50-65% by weight.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the S5 step, the microbial agent is a commercially available EM microbial agent or a self-made EM microbial agent.
In some embodiments of the invention, the homemade EM microbial preparation comprises 70-80% by weight of a commercial EM microbial preparation, and 20-30% by weight of a complex bacterial species comprising Bacillus subtilis attritor, Bacillus circulans, Paenibacillus xylanisolvens, Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, and Bacillus subtilis. The number ratio of the bacillus subtilis A to the bacillus circulans to the bacillus xylanilyticus to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the bacillus subtilis is (1-5): (1-5): (1-5): (1-5): (1-5).
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step S6, the pile is turned every 3 to 4 days for the first 20 days and every week thereafter; when turning the pile, adding water to ensure that the water content is not lower than 50%.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the S4 step, the weight ratio of the tomato offal, the carbonized cotton straw and the excrements of livestock or poultry is determined by the following method:
s41, the weight ratio i of the tomato leftovers to the carbonized cotton straws is (e, f), and the weight ratio j of the carbonized cotton straws to the excrements of the livestock or poultry is (p, q); e and p are 0.8-1.2, f is 2.5-3.5, q is 1.5-2.5;
s42, taking at least three different weight ratios of tomato leftovers and carbonized cotton stalks, and the weight ratio of the carbonized cotton stalks to excrements of livestock or poultry
Preparing a first organic fertilizer in a combined manner;
s43, taking the weight ratio of at least three carbonized cotton stalks and the feces of livestock or poultry, and the weight ratio of tomato leftovers and carbonized cotton stalks
Preparing a second organic fertilizer in a combined manner;
s44, comparing the total nitrogen of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer with the highest total nitrogen content, and if the total nitrogen content of the first organic fertilizer with the highest total nitrogen content is higher than that of the second organic fertilizer, determining the weight ratio of the tomato leftovers to the carbonized cotton straws
Repeating S43; or in the weight ratio of carbonized cotton straw to excrements of livestock or poultry
Repeating S42;
s45, repeating S44 to obtain the weight ratio of the tomato leftovers to the carbonized cotton stalks and the carbonized cotton stalks to the excrements of the livestock or poultry.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the S6 step, the moisture content C in the mixture is determined by:
s61, determining a first candidate range of the moisture content C, wherein a is more than C and less than b, a is 30-40%, and b is 50-70%;
s62, dividing the first candidate range into 2n +1 sections, and taking the moisture content of 2n points to prepare an organic fertilizer, wherein n is 3-5;
s63, comparing the total nitrogen in the obtained fertilizer, and determining the moisture content C with the highest total nitrogen content in the obtained fertilizeropt1；
S64, mixing
As a second candidate range, S62 and S63 were repeated to obtain an appropriate moisture content.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the preparation method of the microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer fully utilizes the biomass resource of the cotton straw of the tomato leftovers, and is environment-friendly and green.
The organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer has good fertilizer efficiency, can improve the chlorophyll content of crops, promotes photosynthesis, and improves yield.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise indicated, the examples and comparative examples employ the same treatment methods and procedures.
Example 1
A preparation method of a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the tomato leftovers;
s2, carbonizing cotton straws and crushing;
s3, smashing the excrement of the livestock or the poultry;
s4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry, and controlling moisture to obtain a fermented and decomposed raw material;
s5, preparing a microbial agent;
and S6, mixing the fermented and decomposed raw materials with a microbial agent, composting, turning over piles and completing decomposition.
Wherein in the step S1, the tomato leftovers include tomato pomace and small tomatoes;
in the step S2, the cotton straws are cotton stalks without branches, leaves and cotton bolls;
in the step S3, the excrements of the livestock or poultry are pig excrements.
Wherein in the step S2, the carbonization temperature of the cotton straw is 400-550 ℃, and 45-50% of biomass is converted into biomass carbon by weight.
Wherein, in the steps of S1, S2 and S3, the tomato scraps, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are crushed to less than 2 cm.
S4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton stalks and livestock or poultry manure to obtain a mixture, and controlling the C/N of the mixture to be 20-25. The weight ratio of the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry is 20:30: 50.
Wherein, in the step S4, the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the weight content of water in the mixture is controlled to be 50-65%.
Wherein, in the step S5, the microbial agent is a commercial EM microbial agent. Mixing and adding according to conventional method.
In the step S6, composting is carried out according to a conventional method, the compost is turned once every 3-4 days in the first 20 days, and the compost is turned once every week later; when turning the pile, adding water to ensure that the water content is not lower than 50%. The decomposition is completed within 30-40 days.
Example 2
A preparation method of a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the tomato leftovers;
s2, carbonizing cotton straws and crushing;
s3, smashing the excrement of the livestock or the poultry;
s4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry, and controlling moisture to obtain a fermented and decomposed raw material;
s5, preparing a microbial agent;
and S6, mixing the fermented and decomposed raw materials with a microbial agent, composting, turning over piles and completing decomposition.
Wherein in the step S1, the tomato leftovers include tomato pomace and small tomatoes;
in the step S2, the cotton straws are cotton stalks without branches, leaves and cotton bolls;
in the step S3, the excrements of the livestock or poultry are chicken excrements.
Wherein in the step S2, the carbonization temperature of the cotton straw is 400-550 ℃, and 45-50% of biomass is converted into biomass carbon by weight.
Wherein, in the steps of S1, S2 and S3, the tomato scraps, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are crushed to less than 2 cm.
S4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton stalks and livestock or poultry manure to obtain a mixture, and controlling the C/N of the mixture to be 20-25. The weight ratio of the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry is 25:35: 40.
Wherein, in the step S4, the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the weight content of water in the mixture is controlled to be 50-65%.
Wherein, in the step S5, the microbial agent is a commercial EM microbial agent. Mixing and adding according to conventional method.
In the step S6, composting is carried out according to a conventional method, the compost is turned once every 3-4 days in the first 20 days, and the compost is turned once every week later; when turning the pile, adding water to ensure that the water content is not lower than 50%. The decomposition is completed within 30-40 days.
Example 3
A preparation method of a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the tomato leftovers;
s2, carbonizing cotton straws and crushing;
s3, smashing the excrement of the livestock or the poultry;
s4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry, and controlling moisture to obtain a fermented and decomposed raw material;
s5, preparing a microbial agent;
and S6, mixing the fermented and decomposed raw materials with a microbial agent, composting, turning over piles and completing decomposition.
Wherein in the step S1, the tomato leftovers include tomato pomace and small tomatoes;
in the step S2, the cotton straws are cotton stalks without branches, leaves and cotton bolls;
in the step S3, the excrements of the livestock or poultry are pig excrements.
Wherein in the step S2, the carbonization temperature of the cotton straw is 400-550 ℃, and 45-50% of biomass is converted into biomass carbon by weight.
Wherein, in the steps of S1, S2 and S3, the tomato scraps, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are crushed to less than 2 cm.
S4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton stalks and livestock or poultry manure to obtain a mixture, and controlling the C/N of the mixture to be 20-25. The weight ratio of the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry is 40:20: 40.
Wherein, in the step S4, the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the weight content of water in the mixture is controlled to be 50-65%.
Wherein, in the step S5, the microbial agent is a commercial EM microbial agent. Mixing and adding according to conventional method.
In the step S6, composting is carried out according to a conventional method, the compost is turned once every 3-4 days in the first 20 days, and the compost is turned once every week later; when turning the pile, adding water to ensure that the water content is not lower than 50%. The decomposition is completed within 30-40 days.
Example 4
A preparation method of a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the tomato leftovers;
s2, carbonizing cotton straws and crushing;
s3, smashing the excrement of the livestock or the poultry;
s4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry, and controlling moisture to obtain a fermented and decomposed raw material;
s5, preparing a microbial agent;
and S6, mixing the fermented and decomposed raw materials with a microbial agent, composting, turning over piles and completing decomposition.
Wherein in the step S1, the tomato leftovers include tomato pomace and small tomatoes;
in the step S2, the cotton straws are cotton stalks without branches, leaves and cotton bolls;
in the step S3, the excrements of the livestock or poultry are pig excrements.
Wherein in the step S2, the carbonization temperature of the cotton straw is 400-550 ℃, and 45-50% of biomass is converted into biomass carbon by weight.
Wherein, in the steps of S1, S2 and S3, the tomato scraps, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are crushed to less than 2 cm.
S4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton stalks and livestock or poultry manure to obtain a mixture, and controlling the C/N of the mixture to be 20-25. The weight ratio of the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry is 10:50: 40.
Wherein, in the step S4, the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the weight content of water in the mixture is controlled to be 50-65%.
Wherein, in the step S5, the microbial agent is a commercial EM microbial agent. Mixing and adding according to conventional method.
In the step S6, composting is carried out according to a conventional method, the compost is turned once every 3-4 days in the first 20 days, and the compost is turned once every week later; when turning the pile, adding water to ensure that the water content is not lower than 50%. The decomposition is completed within 30-40 days.
Example 5
A method for preparing a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer is different from the method in example 1,
in some embodiments of the present invention, in the S4 step, the weight ratio of the tomato offal, the carbonized cotton straw and the excrements of livestock or poultry is determined by the following method:
s41, the weight ratio i of the tomato leftovers to the carbonized cotton straws is (e, f), and the weight ratio j of the carbonized cotton straws to the excrements of the livestock or poultry is (p, q); e and p are 0.8-1.2, f is 2.5-3.5, q is 1.5-2.5;
s42, taking at least three different weight ratios of tomato leftovers and carbonized cotton stalks, and the weight ratio of the carbonized cotton stalks to excrements of livestock or poultry
Preparing a first organic fertilizer in a combined manner;
s43, taking the weight ratio of at least three carbonized cotton stalks and the feces of livestock or poultry, and the weight ratio of tomato leftovers and carbonized cotton stalks
Preparing a second organic fertilizer in a combined manner;
s44, comparing the total nitrogen of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer with the highest total nitrogen content, and if the total nitrogen content of the first organic fertilizer with the highest total nitrogen content is higher than that of the second organic fertilizer, determining the weight ratio of the tomato leftovers to the carbonized cotton straws
Repeating S43; or in the weight ratio of carbonized cotton straw to excrements of livestock or poultry
Repeating S42;
s45, repeating S44 to obtain the weight ratio of the tomato leftovers to the carbonized cotton stalks and the carbonized cotton stalks to the excrements of the livestock or poultry.
As a mixture of fermentation raw materials of the microbial agent, the weight ratio of tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry influences the C/N ratio and influences the moisture, and the mixture is one of key factors of fermentation and decomposition. By the method of the embodiment, the weight ratio of the suitable tomato leftovers to the carbonized cotton straws and the weight ratio of the carbonized cotton straws to the excrements of the livestock or the poultry can be determined under the condition of the least number of experimental times, so that the weight percentage of the three key components can be determined.
Example 6
A method for preparing a microbial inoculant fermented decomposed organic fertilizer, which is different from the method in example 1 in that in the step of S6, the moisture content C in the mixture is determined by the following method:
s61, determining a first candidate range of the moisture content C, wherein a is more than C and less than b, a is 30-40%, and b is 50-70%;
s62, dividing the first candidate range into 2n +1 sections, and taking the moisture content of 2n points to prepare an organic fertilizer, wherein n is 3-5;
s63, comparing the total nitrogen in the obtained fertilizer, and determining the moisture content C with the highest total nitrogen content in the obtained fertilizeropt1；
S64, mixing
As a second candidate range, S62 and S63 were repeated to obtain an appropriate moisture content.
Moisture is one of the important factors influencing microbial fermentation, and the control of the moisture in the compost raw materials and the moisture in the fermentation process is the key step for preparing the organic fertilizer. By the method of this example, the appropriate moisture content in the composting material can be determined quickly.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the tomato leftovers;
s2, carbonizing cotton straws and crushing;
s3, smashing the excrement of the livestock or the poultry;
s4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry, and controlling moisture to obtain a fermented and decomposed raw material;
s5, preparing a microbial agent;
and S6, mixing the fermented and decomposed raw materials with a microbial agent, composting, turning over piles and completing decomposition.
Wherein in the step S1, the tomato leftovers include tomato pomace and small tomatoes;
in the step S2, the cotton straws are cotton stalks without branches, leaves and cotton bolls;
in the step S3, the excrements of the livestock or poultry are pig excrements.
Wherein in the step S2, the carbonization temperature of the cotton straw is 400-550 ℃, and 45-50% of biomass is converted into biomass carbon by weight.
Wherein, in the steps of S1, S2 and S3, the tomato scraps, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are crushed to less than 2 cm.
S4, mixing the crushed tomato scraps, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry to obtain a mixture, and controlling the C/N of the mixture to be 30. The weight ratio of the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry is 20:60: 20.
Wherein, in the step S4, the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the weight content of water in the mixture is controlled to be 50-65%.
Wherein, in the step S5, the microbial agent is a commercial EM microbial agent. Mixing and adding according to conventional method.
In the step S6, composting is carried out according to a conventional method, the compost is turned once every 3-4 days in the first 20 days, and the compost is turned once every week later; when turning the pile, adding water to ensure that the water content is not lower than 50%. The decomposition is completed within 40 to 50 days.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the tomato leftovers;
s2, directly crushing cotton straws;
s3, smashing the excrement of the livestock or the poultry;
s4, taking the crushed tomato leftovers, cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry, mixing, and controlling moisture to obtain a fermented and decomposed raw material;
s5, preparing a microbial agent;
and S6, mixing the fermented and decomposed raw materials with a microbial agent, composting, turning over piles and completing decomposition.
Wherein in the step S1, the tomato leftovers include tomato pomace and small tomatoes;
in the step S2, the cotton straws are cotton stalks without branches, leaves and cotton bolls;
in the step S3, the excrements of the livestock or poultry are pig excrements.
Wherein, in the steps of S1, S2 and S3, the tomato scraps, cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are crushed to less than 2 cm.
And S4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, cotton stalks and livestock or poultry manure to obtain a mixture, and controlling the C/N of the mixture to be 20-25. The weight ratio of the crushed tomato leftovers, cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry is 20:30: 50.
Wherein, in the step S4, the crushed tomato leftovers, cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the weight content of water in the mixture is controlled to be 50-65%.
Wherein, in the step S5, the microbial agent is a commercial EM microbial agent. Mixing and adding according to conventional method.
In the step S6, composting is carried out according to a conventional method, the compost is turned once every 3-4 days in the first 20 days, and the compost is turned once every week later; when turning the pile, adding water to ensure that the water content is not lower than 50%. The decomposition is completed within 30-40 days.
Experimental example 1 evaluation of organic Fertilizer
The organic fertilizers obtained in the examples and the comparative example 1 are used for planting rape. The pH value of the planting soil is 5.0, the organic matter content is 40g/kg, and the application amount of the total nitrogen fertilizer is 0.79g/kg. according to the principle of equivalent use. The dosage is 0.8 t/ha. Organic fertilizer is scattered 3 days before rape seeding, and is evenly mixed by ploughing.
The conventional method is adopted in field management modes such as watering, weeding and the like.
When the rape is harvested, the rape is weighed, the chlorophyll content is measured, the influence of organic fertilizer on yield and growth is investigated, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 yield of oilseed rape
TABLE 2 chlorophyll content of oilseed rape
| Chlorophyll content of rape/(mg/g) | |
| Example 1 | 3.7 |
| Example 2 | 3.6 |
| Example 3 | 3.9 |
| Example 4 | 3.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 3.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 3.5 |
While the preferred embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and examples, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the tomato leftovers;
s2, carbonizing cotton straws and crushing;
s3, smashing the excrement of the livestock or the poultry;
s4, mixing the crushed tomato leftovers, carbonized cotton straws and excrements of livestock or poultry, and controlling moisture to obtain a fermented and decomposed raw material;
s5, preparing a microbial agent;
and S6, mixing the fermented and decomposed raw materials with a microbial agent, composting, turning over piles and completing decomposition.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the tomato offal comprises tomato pomace and tomatoes;
in the step S2, the cotton straws are cotton stalks without branches, leaves and cotton bolls;
and S3, the excrement of the livestock or the poultry is one or more of cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung and chicken dung.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbonization temperature of the cotton straw in the step of S2 is 400-550 ℃, and 45-50% by weight of the biomass is converted into biomass carbon.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tomato offal, carbonized cotton stalks and excrements of livestock or poultry are crushed to 2cm or less in the steps of S1, S2 and S3.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crushed tomato scraps, the carbonized cotton stalks and the excrements of the livestock or poultry are mixed to obtain a mixture in the step of S4, the C/N of the mixture is controlled to be 20 to 30, and the weight ratio of the crushed tomato scraps, the carbonized cotton stalks and the excrements of the livestock or poultry is (15 to 45): (25-55): (30-60).
6. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step of S4, the crushed tomato offal, the carbonized cotton stalks and the excrements of the livestock or poultry are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 50-65% by weight.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of S5, the microbial agent is a commercially available EM microbial agent or a self-made EM microbial agent.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the pile is turned every 3 to 4 days for the first 20 days and every week thereafter; when turning the pile, adding water to ensure that the water content is not lower than 50%.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the S4 step, the weight ratio of the tomato offal, the carbonized cotton stalk and the excrements of the livestock or poultry is determined by:
s41, the weight ratio i of the tomato leftovers to the carbonized cotton straws is (e, f), and the weight ratio j of the carbonized cotton straws to the excrements of the livestock or poultry is (p, q); e and p are 0.8-1.2, f is 2.5-3.5, q is 1.5-2.5;
s42, taking at least three different weight ratios of tomato leftovers and carbonized cotton stalks, and the weight ratio of the carbonized cotton stalks to excrements of livestock or poultry
Preparing a first organic fertilizer in a combined manner;
s43, mixing at least three different weight ratios of carbonized cotton stalks to excrements of domestic animals or poultry, tomato offal and carbonizedWeight ratio of cotton stalk
Preparing a second organic fertilizer in a combined manner;
s44, comparing the total nitrogen of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer with the highest total nitrogen content, and if the total nitrogen content of the first organic fertilizer with the highest total nitrogen content is higher than that of the second organic fertilizer, determining the weight ratio of the tomato leftovers to the carbonized cotton straws
Repeating S43; or in the weight ratio of carbonized cotton straw to excrements of livestock or poultry
Repeating S42;
s45, repeating S44 to obtain the weight ratio of the tomato leftovers to the carbonized cotton stalks and the carbonized cotton stalks to the excrements of the livestock or poultry.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of S6, the moisture content C in the mixture is determined by:
s61, determining a first candidate range of the moisture content C, wherein a is more than C and less than b, a is 30-40%, and b is 50-70%;
s62, dividing the first candidate range into 2n +1 sections, and taking the moisture content of 2n points to prepare an organic fertilizer, wherein n is 3-5;
s63, comparing the total nitrogen in the obtained fertilizer, and determining the moisture content C with the highest total nitrogen content in the obtained fertilizeropt1；
S64, mixing
As a second candidate range, S62 and S63 were repeated to obtain an appropriate moisture content.
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