CN111792970A - Organic fertilizer prepared from cow dung and straw and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer prepared from cow dung and straw and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111792970A CN111792970A CN202010682719.3A CN202010682719A CN111792970A CN 111792970 A CN111792970 A CN 111792970A CN 202010682719 A CN202010682719 A CN 202010682719A CN 111792970 A CN111792970 A CN 111792970A
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic fertilizer prepared from cow dung and straws and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cow dung, the fruit and vegetable straws and high-carbon auxiliary materials are uniformly mixed during preparation; then stacking the mixture layer by layer to form a stack body, and spraying a decomposing agent and filling a decomposing fertilizer in the stacking process; and introducing hot air into the pile body, covering a film on the surface of the pile body, turning the pile body once after a period of time, adding a nitrogen fixing agent in the process, covering the film, continuously composting, uncovering the film after a period of time, and freely decomposing to obtain the organic fertilizer. By adopting the method, the harmless treatment of the vegetable wastes can be realized, the vegetable wastes can be recycled as fertilizers, the environmental pollution can be effectively avoided, and the organic fertilizer prepared by adopting the method disclosed by the invention is easy to absorb by crops and has a positive effect on improving the yield of the crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer prepared from cow dung and straws and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the improvement of the intensive degree of the breeding and breeding industries and the continuous enlargement of the production scale in China, the generated waste causes serious risks to the environmental pollution. In recent years, with the rapid development of livestock breeding and planting, agricultural wastes such as animal wastes, fruit and vegetable residues and the like become important agricultural wastes, and if the agricultural wastes are directly discharged into the environment without being treated, the problems of water source pollution, pathogenic bacteria diffusion and the like are caused, and the agricultural wastes pose a serious threat to the health of human beings and livestock. Therefore, how to reasonably utilize a large amount of vegetable wastes generated by livestock and poultry manure and crop straws particularly along with the development of the vegetable industry becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides an organic fertilizer prepared from cow dung and straws and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that agricultural wastes are easy to pollute the environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the cow dung and the straws comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing high-carbon auxiliary materials and fruit and vegetable straws into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, uniformly mixing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and the high-carbon auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-4: 1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55-65% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: stacking the compost matrixes layer by layer to form a pile body; spraying a decomposing agent solution once when each layer of compost substrate is paved by 20-25 cm in thickness, and paving a layer of decomposed fertilizer with the thickness of 2-5 cm between each two layers of compost substrates; the decomposed fertilizer is an organic fertilizer obtained after last composting;
s3: introducing steam at 40-50 ℃ from the middle part of the stack body until the steam permeates to the surface of the stack body, and then covering the stack body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film;
s4: uncovering the film after 6-8 days to perform one-time pile turning, adding a nitrogen fixing agent in the pile turning process, wherein the added nitrogen fixing agent accounts for 1-3% of the mass of the compost substrate, and then covering the film to continue composting;
s5: and uncovering the film for secondary pile turning after 6-8 days, and obtaining the organic fertilizer by freely decomposing for 15-20 days without covering the film after pile turning.
According to the invention, the cow dung, the fruit and vegetable straws and the high-carbon auxiliary materials are mixed together for decomposing and composting, so that the recycling of animal dung and fruit and vegetable residues can be realized, the influence on the environment is reduced, and the problems of water body pollution, pathogenic bacteria diffusion and the like can be avoided.
During composting, the water content of a compost substrate is controlled within the range of 55-65%, the water content is moderate, organic matters can be dissolved, and the metabolism of microorganisms is promoted; meanwhile, the temperature of the compost can be adjusted under the action of evaporation of the moisture, so that the temperature of the compost is kept in a proper range, and the decomposition is promoted. The water content exceeds 65 percent, which causes favorable pore space in the compost substrate to be filled with water, thereby affecting the diffusion of air, and the organic matters are lack of oxygen supply to generate anaerobic state, so that odorous intermediate products such as hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan and the like are easily formed, thereby causing the substrate to be rotten and blackened; and if the water content is less than 55%, the growth requirement of microorganisms can not be met, the movement and metabolism of the microorganisms are limited, the central part of the stockpile can not reach proper high temperature, and organic matters are difficult to decompose, so that the reaction rate is reduced.
According to the invention, in the composting process, the composting substrates are stacked layer by layer, so that sufficient pores are ensured in the compost, moisture and air can enter conveniently, the metabolism of microorganisms is promoted, and the decomposition process of the compost is promoted. In the process of stacking the compost substrates, a decomposing agent solution is sprayed on the surface of each layer, and the decomposing agent permeates into the compost substrates, so that the substrates can be promoted to be quickly decomposed, and the composting time is shortened. And decomposed fertilizers are laid between every two layers of compost matrixes in the formed compost, are organic fertilizers subjected to last composting and contain various decomposed microorganisms, and can quickly form decomposed 'biospheres' in the compost, so that the decomposition process is accelerated.
Before composting starts, hot air is introduced into the compost, the whole temperature of the compost can be quickly raised by the hot air, the internal temperature of the compost reaches 50-55 ℃ in a short time, and high-carbon auxiliary materials and fruit and vegetable straws in the compost matrix can be quickly softened while growth of decomposed microorganisms is promoted, so that nutrient substances in the compost matrix are released, and the purpose of quick decomposition is realized.
In the composting process, the surface of the pile body is covered with the breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, and the gas bin is formed in the film, so that the normal volatilization of water vapor of the pile body is ensured, the humidity and the temperature of the pile body can be maintained, the composting period can be shortened by more than 30 percent compared with the traditional treatment method, the emission of greenhouse gases such as ammonia gas, carbon dioxide and the like is reduced, and the nitrogen-preserving effect is achieved.
According to the invention, the nitrogen fixing agent is added during one-time pile turning, the one-time pile turning is carried out after 6-8 days of composting, the temperature in the pile body is raised to about 55 ℃, the temperature is kept for a period of time, microorganisms begin to decompose nitrogen into inorganic ammonium ions, and the nitrogen fixing agent is added to prevent the inorganic ammonium ions from forming ammonia gas, so that NH in the composting material is effectively reduced3Concentration, suppression of NH3Volatilization and nitrogen loss reduction.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the mass ratio of the cow dung, the fruit and vegetable straws and the high-carbon auxiliary materials in the compost medium is 2:1: 1.
Further, the high-carbon auxiliary material is corn straw, mushroom residue or biomass charcoal.
In the invention, the corn straw, mushroom residue or biomass charcoal and the like are used as high-carbon auxiliary materials, so that the raw materials are easy to obtain, and the purpose of recycling crop residues is realized; and the carbon content of the materials is high (the total carbon content exceeds 40%), the carbon-nitrogen ratio can be adjusted while the carbon source is provided for the organic fertilizer, and the quality of the organic fertilizer is improved.
Further, the decomposing inoculant solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
1-3 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1.5 wt% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.5-1.5 wt% of saccharomycete and the balance of water.
Further, the decomposing inoculant solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
2 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 1 wt% of aspergillus oryzae, 1 wt% of yeast and the balance of water.
The decomposing inoculant comprises bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes. The bacillus subtilis has strong functions of fixing carbon, fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus, releasing potassium, resisting diseases and the like, can improve the utilization rate of organic fertilizers, can degrade organic matters in compost into reusable mineral substances, amino acids, saccharides, organic acids, small molecular polypeptides, humus, carbon dioxide and the like of crops, and promotes the absorption of the crops; the aspergillus oryzae can enable organic matters, phosphorus, potassium and other elements contained in the straws to become nutrients required by plant growth, generate a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, stimulate crop production, improve soil organic matters, improve soil structure, supplement the quantity of the beneficial microorganisms in the soil, further promote substance and energy conversion and humus formation and decomposition in the soil, improve fertilizer utilization rate, and in addition, the aspergillus oryzae can also generate beneficial metabolites to inhibit and kill harmful bacteria; the yeast can promote the fermentation of compost matrix, quickly decompose macromolecular substances in the raw materials and make the macromolecular substances easier to be absorbed by crops. The three microbial inoculums act synergistically to accelerate the decomposition process of the matrix, so that the decomposed organic fertilizer is easier to be absorbed by crops, and the utilization rate of the organic fertilizer is higher.
Furthermore, 4-6 layers of compost substrates are stacked in the pile body.
Further, the nitrogen-fixing agent added in S4 is 2% of the mass of the compost base material.
Further, the nitrogen fixing agent is formed by mixing turf, lignite and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-3.
Further, the nitrogen fixing agent is formed by mixing turf, lignite and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 1.
The nitrogen fixing agent in the invention comprises turf, lignite and zeolite, the three substances have more pores and larger specific surface area, and NH can be adsorbed3Retained in the stack to reduce NH3Volatilizing to keep nitrogen.
By adopting the method, the organic fertilizer with excellent performance can be obtained, and the organic fertilizer is easy to be absorbed by crops and can improve the acre yield of the crops; and the use of the organic fertilizer can reduce or avoid the use of chemical fertilizers, reduce the cost and reduce the environmental pollution.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the method of composting the cow dung and the fruit and vegetable straws is adopted, and the vegetable wastes, the corn straws with high carbon-nitrogen ratio, the livestock and poultry manure and the like are subjected to combined high-temperature composting according to the characteristics of high nutrient content, high water content and low carbon-nitrogen ratio of the straw vegetable wastes, so that the harmless treatment of the vegetable wastes is realized, the vegetable wastes are recycled as fertilizers, the environmental pollution can be effectively avoided, and the organic fertilizer prepared by adopting the method disclosed by the invention is easy to be absorbed by crops, and has a positive effect on the improvement of the yield of the crops.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
An organic fertilizer is prepared from cow dung and straws, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing corn straws and fruit and vegetable straws into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, then uniformly mixing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and corn straws according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to about 60% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: stacking the composting substrates layer by layer to form a heap, wherein 5 layers of the heap are stacked in total; about 25cm of each layer of thickness, spraying a decomposition agent solution once when one layer of compost substrate is paved, wherein the decomposition agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 1 wt% of aspergillus oryzae, 1 wt% of saccharomycete and the balance of water; laying a layer of decomposed fertilizer with the thickness of about 2cm between every two layers of compost matrixes, wherein the decomposed fertilizer is the organic fertilizer composted last time;
s3: introducing steam with the temperature of about 45 ℃ from the middle part of the stack body until the steam permeates to the surface of the stack body, and then covering the stack body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film;
s4: uncovering the film after 7 days to perform one-time pile turning, adding a nitrogen fixing agent in the pile turning process, wherein the added nitrogen fixing agent accounts for 2% of the mass of the compost substrate, and then covering the film to continue composting; the nitrogen fixing agent is formed by mixing turf, lignite and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 1;
s5: and (4) uncovering the film after 7 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after free decomposition for 20 days without covering the film after turning over the pile.
Example 2
An organic fertilizer is prepared from cow dung and straws, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing mushroom residues and fruit and vegetable straws into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, then uniformly mixing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and mushroom residues according to the mass ratio of 1:4:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to about 65% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: stacking the composting substrates layer by layer to form a heap, wherein the heap is stacked by 4 layers in total; about 25cm of each layer of thickness, spraying a decomposition agent solution once when one layer of compost substrate is paved, wherein the decomposition agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 1.5 wt% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.5 wt% of yeast and the balance of water; laying a layer of decomposed fertilizer with the thickness of about 5cm between every two layers of compost matrixes, wherein the decomposed fertilizer is the organic fertilizer composted last time;
s3: introducing steam with the temperature of about 50 ℃ from the middle part of the stack body until the steam permeates to the surface of the stack body, and then covering the stack body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film;
s4: uncovering the film after 8 days to perform one-time pile turning, adding a nitrogen fixing agent in the pile turning process, wherein the added nitrogen fixing agent accounts for 3% of the mass of the compost substrate, and then covering the film to continue composting; the nitrogen fixing agent is formed by mixing turf, lignite and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1;
s5: and (4) uncovering the film after 6 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after free decomposition for 20 days without covering the film after turning over the pile.
Example 3
An organic fertilizer is prepared from cow dung and straws, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing the biomass charcoal and the fruit and vegetable straws into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, then uniformly mixing the cow dung, the fruit and vegetable straws and the biomass charcoal according to the mass ratio of 3:2:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to about 55% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: stacking the composting substrates layer by layer to form a heap, wherein the heap is stacked by 6 layers in total; about 20cm of each layer of thickness, spraying a decomposition agent solution once when one layer of compost substrate is paved, wherein the decomposition agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 0.5 wt% of aspergillus oryzae, 1.5 wt% of yeast and the balance of water; laying a layer of decomposed fertilizer with the thickness of about 2cm between every two layers of compost matrixes, wherein the decomposed fertilizer is the organic fertilizer composted last time;
s3: introducing steam with the temperature of about 45 ℃ from the middle part of the stack body until the steam permeates to the surface of the stack body, and then covering the stack body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film;
s4: uncovering the film after 6 days to perform one-time pile turning, adding a nitrogen fixing agent in the pile turning process, wherein the added nitrogen fixing agent accounts for 1% of the mass of the compost substrate, and then covering the film to continue composting; the nitrogen fixing agent is formed by mixing turf, lignite and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 3:2: 1;
s5: and (4) uncovering the film after 8 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after free decomposition for 15 days without covering the film after turning over the pile.
Comparative example 1
An organic fertilizer is prepared from cow dung and straws, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing corn straws and fruit and vegetable straws into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, then uniformly mixing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and corn straws according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to about 60% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: stacking the composting substrates layer by layer to form a heap, wherein 5 layers of the heap are stacked in total; each layer is about 25cm thick; laying a layer of decomposed fertilizer with the thickness of about 2cm between every two layers of compost matrixes, wherein the decomposed fertilizer is the organic fertilizer composted last time;
s3: introducing steam with the temperature of about 45 ℃ from the middle part of the stack body until the steam permeates to the surface of the stack body, and then covering the stack body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film;
s4: uncovering the film after 7 days to perform one-time pile turning, adding a nitrogen fixing agent in the pile turning process, wherein the added nitrogen fixing agent accounts for 2% of the mass of the compost substrate, and then covering the film to continue composting; the nitrogen fixing agent is formed by mixing turf, lignite and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 1;
s5: and (4) uncovering the film after 7 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after free decomposition for 20 days without covering the film after turning over the pile.
Comparative example 2
An organic fertilizer is prepared from cow dung and straws, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing corn straws and fruit and vegetable straws into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, then uniformly mixing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and corn straws according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to about 60% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: stacking the composting substrates layer by layer to form a heap, wherein 5 layers of the heap are stacked in total; about 25cm of each layer of thickness, spraying a decomposition agent solution once when one layer of compost substrate is paved, wherein the decomposition agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 1 wt% of aspergillus oryzae, 1 wt% of saccharomycete and the balance of water;
s3: introducing steam with the temperature of about 45 ℃ from the middle part of the stack body until the steam permeates to the surface of the stack body, and then covering the stack body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film;
s4: uncovering the film after 7 days to perform one-time pile turning, adding a nitrogen fixing agent in the pile turning process, wherein the added nitrogen fixing agent accounts for 2% of the mass of the compost substrate, and then covering the film to continue composting; the nitrogen fixing agent is formed by mixing turf, lignite and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 1;
s5: and (4) uncovering the film after 7 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after free decomposition for 20 days without covering the film after turning over the pile.
Comparative example 3
An organic fertilizer is prepared from cow dung and straws, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing corn straws and fruit and vegetable straws into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, then uniformly mixing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and corn straws according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to about 60% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: stacking the composting substrates layer by layer to form a heap, wherein 5 layers of the heap are stacked in total; about 25cm of each layer of thickness, spraying a decomposition agent solution once when one layer of compost substrate is paved, wherein the decomposition agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 1 wt% of aspergillus oryzae, 1 wt% of saccharomycete and the balance of water; laying a layer of decomposed fertilizer with the thickness of about 2cm between every two layers of compost matrixes, wherein the decomposed fertilizer is the organic fertilizer composted last time;
s3: covering the stack with a breathable, moisture-permeable plastic film;
s4: uncovering the film after 7 days to perform one-time pile turning, adding a nitrogen fixing agent in the pile turning process, wherein the added nitrogen fixing agent accounts for 2% of the mass of the compost substrate, and then covering the film to continue composting; the nitrogen fixing agent is formed by mixing turf, lignite and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 1;
s5: and (4) uncovering the film after 7 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after free decomposition for 20 days without covering the film after turning over the pile.
Comparative example 4
An organic fertilizer is prepared from cow dung and straws, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing corn straws and fruit and vegetable straws into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, then uniformly mixing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and corn straws according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to about 60% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: stacking the composting substrates layer by layer to form a heap, wherein 5 layers of the heap are stacked in total; about 25cm of each layer of thickness, spraying a decomposition agent solution once when one layer of compost substrate is paved, wherein the decomposition agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 1 wt% of aspergillus oryzae, 1 wt% of saccharomycete and the balance of water; laying a layer of decomposed fertilizer with the thickness of about 2cm between every two layers of compost matrixes, wherein the decomposed fertilizer is the organic fertilizer composted last time;
s3: turning the compost once after 7 days, and adding a nitrogen fixing agent in the process of turning the compost, wherein the added nitrogen fixing agent accounts for 2 percent of the mass of the compost substrate; the nitrogen fixing agent is formed by mixing turf, lignite and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 1;
s4: and (4) turning the piles for the second time after 7 days, and freely decomposing for 20 days after turning the piles to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 5
An organic fertilizer is prepared from cow dung and straws, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing corn straws and fruit and vegetable straws into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, then uniformly mixing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and corn straws according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to about 60% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: stacking the composting substrates layer by layer to form a heap, wherein 5 layers of the heap are stacked in total; about 25cm of each layer of thickness, spraying a decomposition agent solution once when one layer of compost substrate is paved, wherein the decomposition agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 1 wt% of aspergillus oryzae, 1 wt% of saccharomycete and the balance of water; laying a layer of decomposed fertilizer with the thickness of about 2cm between every two layers of compost matrixes, wherein the decomposed fertilizer is the organic fertilizer composted last time;
s3: introducing steam with the temperature of about 45 ℃ from the middle part of the stack body until the steam permeates to the surface of the stack body, and then covering the stack body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film;
s4: uncovering the film after 7 days to perform primary pile turning, and covering the film after pile turning to continue composting;
s5: and (4) uncovering the film after 7 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after free decomposition for 20 days without covering the film after turning over the pile.
Analysis of results
The harmless standard of feces in China (GB7959-1789) stipulates that the maximum composting temperature reaches 50-55 ℃ and lasts for 5-7 days, and the compost reaches the harmless standard. The temperature change of the compost in the composting process, and the total nutrient, organic matter content, C/N ratio and total nitrogen content change of the organic fertilizer after composting are listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1 temperature Change of compost during composting
As can be seen from the table 1, when the composting is carried out by the method of the invention, the compost substrate can be completely harmlessly treated when the days at the temperature of more than 50 ℃ exceed 20 days, because hot air is introduced in the composting process and provides heat to heat the compost substrate, the temperature rise time is shortened, and the introduction of hot air can soften the substrate while ensuring the survival of microorganisms, promote the metabolism of the microorganisms, further accelerate the temperature rise rate, and the temperature of the compost can reach more than 50 ℃ in a short time. Moreover, the method can ensure that the obtained organic fertilizer has higher total nutrient content and organic matter content, and meanwhile, the total nitrogen content is reduced a little, so that nitrogen can be well preserved. In addition, the invention covers the film in the composting process, and the film can not only prevent the temperature from diffusing outwards, but also reduce the volatilization of ammonia gas and effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen element. Meanwhile, the nitrogen fixing agent is added during pile turning, and fixes nitrogen elements in the organic fertilizer in a chemical and physical mode, so that the loss of the nitrogen elements can be greatly reduced, and the total nutrient content and the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer are ensured to have higher levels.
Compared with the example 1, the composting process of the comparative example 1 is slow, and the decomposing agent is not added in the composting process, so that sufficient nutrient substances can not be provided for the metabolism of microorganisms, the temperature of the compost body is slowly increased, and the treatment process of the composting substrate is influenced. In addition, due to the lack of the decomposing agent, the decomposition is incomplete, and useful substances in the compost matrix cannot be completely released, so that the total nutrient content and the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer are lower.
Compared with the example 1, the comparative example 2 has the advantages that the decomposed fertilizer is not added in the composting process, so that a decomposition biological ring can not be formed in the compost quickly, the quantity of decomposed microorganisms in the compost is less, the compost matrix can not be decomposed completely, and the total nutrient content and the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer are lower.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 3 has the advantages that hot air is not introduced in the composting process, the temperature of the compost rises slowly, days for keeping at the temperature of more than 50 ℃ are short, compost matrixes are not completely decomposed, the problems of odor and the like can occur, and meanwhile, the total nutrient content and the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer are reduced compared with the embodiment 1.
Compared with the embodiment 1, in the composting process, hot air is not introduced and the organic fertilizer is not covered by a film, the microorganisms can decompose nitrogen into inorganic ammonium ions, and the inorganic ammonium ions are easy to form nitrogen to be released into the air, so that the environment is polluted, the nitrogen element is lost, and the total nutrient content and the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer are reduced.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 5 has the advantages that no nitrogen fixing agent is added in the composting process, the fixing effect on nitrogen is lacked, the nitrogen is released into the air in the form of ammonia gas, the environmental pollution is caused, and the total nutrient content and the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer are reduced.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should not be construed as limited to the scope of the patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using cow dung and straws is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: crushing high-carbon auxiliary materials and fruit and vegetable straws into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, uniformly mixing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and the high-carbon auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-4: 1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55-65% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: stacking the compost matrixes layer by layer to form a pile body; spraying a decomposing agent solution once when each layer of compost substrate is paved by 20-25 cm in thickness, and paving a layer of decomposed fertilizer with the thickness of 2-5 cm between each two layers of compost substrates; the decomposed fertilizer is an organic fertilizer obtained after last composting;
s3: introducing steam at 40-50 ℃ from the middle part of the stack body until the steam permeates to the surface of the stack body, and then covering the stack body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film;
s4: uncovering the film after 6-8 days to perform one-time pile turning, adding a nitrogen fixing agent in the pile turning process, wherein the added nitrogen fixing agent accounts for 1-3% of the mass of the compost substrate, and then covering the film to continue composting;
s5: and uncovering the film for secondary pile turning after 6-8 days, and obtaining the organic fertilizer by freely decomposing for 15-20 days without covering the film after pile turning.
2. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the cow dung and the straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mass ratio of the cow dung to the fruit and vegetable straws to the high-carbon auxiliary materials in the compost medium is 2:1: 1.
3. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the cow dung and the straws as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the high-carbon auxiliary material is corn straw, mushroom residue or biomass charcoal.
4. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the cow dung and the straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the decomposing inoculant solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
1-3 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1.5 wt% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.5-1.5 wt% of saccharomycete and the balance of water.
5. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the cow dung and the straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the decomposing inoculant solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
2 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 1 wt% of aspergillus oryzae, 1 wt% of yeast and the balance of water.
6. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the cow dung and the straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: 4-6 layers of compost substrates are stacked in the pile body.
7. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the cow dung and the straws as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nitrogen fixing agent added in S4 accounts for 2 percent of the mass of the compost substrate.
8. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the cow dung and the straws as claimed in claim 1 or 7, which is characterized in that: the nitrogen fixing agent is formed by mixing turf, lignite and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-3.
9. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the cow dung and the straws as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that: the nitrogen fixing agent is formed by mixing turf, lignite and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 1.
10. An organic fertilizer prepared by the method for preparing an organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN112830836A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-05-25 | 新疆河润水业有限责任公司 | Preparation method of microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer |
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| CN114651698A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-06-24 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Preparation method of leaf vegetable seedling raising substrate with cow dung fermentation product as main raw material, product and application thereof |
| CN114736062A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-12 | 嘉兴市水月湾农业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing fertilizer from asparagus straws |
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| CN117142892A (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-12-01 | 济宁市畜牧兽医事业发展中心 | Cow dung fermented organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112830836A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-05-25 | 新疆河润水业有限责任公司 | Preparation method of microbial agent fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer |
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| CN114766297A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-22 | 嘉兴市水月湾农业科技有限公司 | Watermelon potted plant planting method |
| CN115043675A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-13 | 田鹏 | Microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN117142892A (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-12-01 | 济宁市畜牧兽医事业发展中心 | Cow dung fermented organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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