CN112806385A - Method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches by using ammonium persulfate complexing agent - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches by using ammonium persulfate complexing agent Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/18—Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches by utilizing an ammonium persulfate compound agent, wherein the compound agent comprises ammonium persulfate and a lime sulfur mixture with the mass ratio of 6: 4. The method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches by using the compound agent comprises the following steps: adjusting the soil humidity within the field planting ditch range to enable the relative water content of the soil to reach 55-65%, and carrying out rotary tillage and raking the field planting ditch; preparing an ammonium persulfate complexing agent; uniformly spreading ammonium persulfate complexing agent in the harrowed planting furrows, and then carrying out rotary tillage twice; covering a plastic film on the soil of the planting furrows containing the ammonium persulfate complexing agent, and carrying out closed fumigation for 12-18 days; removing the plastic film, carrying out rotary tillage again, and airing the fumigated soil; planting saplings and building a garden. The invention ensures the income of fruit growers, reduces the garden building cost, ensures the fumigation effect and overcomes the continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches; the final product of ammonium persulfate in the complexing agent is ammonium sulfate which is used as a fertilizer and can provide nutrition for plant growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of apples and peaches by using an ammonium persulfate complexing agent.
Background
Research results at home and abroad show that the main causes of continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches comprise increase of pathogenic fungi in soil, deterioration of microbial community structure, large accumulation of chemosensitive substances and deterioration of soil physicochemical properties. Wherein the increase of harmful microorganisms, especially fungi, is an important cause of continuous cropping obstacles. The continuous cropping obstacle of the apples, the pears and the peaches is generally expressed by low plant survival rate, slow growth and development, blocked root system development, shortened production life, reduced fruit yield and quality and great economic loss to fruit industry production, and is one of the bottlenecks of sustainable development of the apple, pear and peach industries.
At present, chemical fumigation of soil is the most effective measure for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of fruit trees. Methyl bromide, chloropicrin, metham, dazomet and the like have good effects, but with the enhancement of environmental protection consciousness of people, methyl bromide with better fumigation effect is forbidden globally due to environmental damage, chloropicrin has stronger stimulation effect, and needs to be operated by professional personnel, so the large-area popularization is difficult. There are also reports in the literature that organic bactericides such as thiram, fludioxonil and mancozeb can reduce the continuous cropping obstacle of fruit trees, but these bactericides have the risk of polluting the soil environment. Therefore, the invention discloses a green, safe and effective chemical reagent for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches, which is the future research direction. The inorganic strong oxidizing agent can kill pathogenic microorganisms and degrade self-toxic substances through the strong oxidizing substances, can overcome the defect that a chemical fumigant is harmful to the environment and human bodies, and has unique advantages in preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches.
Soil fumigation is generally carried out in two seasons of spring and autumn, the temperature in autumn is low, the fumigation time is long, and the field planting fumigation residue after spring fumigation is not beneficial to the growth of crops, so that a fumigant which has short fumigation time, does not pollute soil and does not influence the growth of crops is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches by utilizing an ammonium persulfate compound agent, and solves the problems that the existing chemical fumigant is harmful to the environment and human bodies and has long fumigating time; the income of fruit growers is ensured, the garden building cost is reduced, and the continuous cropping obstacle of apples, pears and peaches is overcome.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to the first aspect of the invention, the ammonium persulfate composite agent comprises ammonium persulfate and a lime sulphur agent, wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium persulfate to the lime sulphur agent is 6: 4.
Preferably, the lime sulphur agent is a crystalline lime sulphur agent. The crystal lime sulfur mixture has the advantages of high drug effect, difficult invalidation, easy storage and transportation, convenient use, no environmental pollution and the like.
Preferably, the ammonium persulfate complexing agent is prepared in situ.
In a second aspect of the invention, the application of the ammonium persulfate compound agent in preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears or peaches is provided.
In the third aspect of the invention, the method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of fruit trees by using ammonium persulfate complexing agent comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the soil humidity within the field planting ditch range to enable the relative water content of the soil to reach 55-65%, and carrying out rotary tillage and raking the field planting ditch;
(2) preparing the ammonium persulfate complexing agent;
(3) uniformly spreading the ammonium persulfate complexing agent prepared in the step (2) in the harrowed planting furrows, and then carrying out rotary tillage twice;
(4) covering a plastic film on the soil sprayed with the ammonium persulfate complexing agent, and carrying out closed fumigation for 12-18 days;
(5) removing the plastic film after the fumigation is finished, carrying out rotary tillage again, and airing the fumigated soil;
(6) planting saplings and building a garden.
Preferably, the width of the planting furrows is 1 m. The invention does not need to fumigate the whole garden, only needs to select the planting furrows, fumigates within the range of the planting furrows, combines the optimization of the rotary tillage depth and optimizes the dosage of the complexing agent, thereby ensuring the fumigation effect, reducing the dosage of the complexing agent and reducing the cost.
Preferably, in the step (3), the using amount of the ammonium persulfate complexing agent is 250-270 g/m2. The dosage of the ammonium persulfate complexing agent is 250-270 g of the ammonium persulfate complexing agent used in the range of every square meter of the planting furrows.
Preferably, in the step (4), the thickness of the plastic film is not less than 6 filaments.
Preferably, in the step (4), when the plastic film is coated, the periphery of the plastic film is compacted by a weight. The film covering, sealing and fumigating can accelerate the peroxy oxidation of phenolic acid substances in the ammonium persulfate, and can also ensure that ozone gas generated by the decomposition of the ammonium persulfate is not leaked outwards, thereby fully killing pathogenic microorganisms.
Preferably, in the step (5), the fumigated soil is aired for 7 days.
Preferably, the depth of the rotary tillage is 35 cm. In the steps (1), (2) and (5), the rotary tillage depth is 35 cm.
Preferably, the fruit tree is apple, pear or peach.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the ammonium persulfate complexing agent provided by the invention has the advantages that phenolic acid substances are decomposed through oxidation of peroxy groups in ammonium persulfate, ozone gas generated by decomposition kills microorganisms, and an alkaline lime sulfur agent with a proper proportion is added, so that degradation of self-toxic substances and sterilization effects of the ammonium persulfate are remarkably promoted, and the lime sulfur agent has a sterilization function, so that the ammonium persulfate complexing agent and the lime sulfur agent have a synergistic effect when being used in a combined manner; the continuous cropping soil environment of fruit trees can be more effectively optimized, and further the continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches are overcome;
(2) the ammonium persulfate in the ammonium persulfate complexing agent can generate ammonium sulfate and provide nutrition for plant growth;
(3) the traditional fumigant generally needs to be fumigated for 4-5 months, and because fruit trees have requirements on the planting season, the fumigation season is limited: the orchard is built every other year, or the trees are planed in late autumn and early winter, and the orchard is built in spring. The ammonium persulfate complex agent is used as a fumigant, the fumigating time is short, only 15 days are needed for fumigating, the fumigating time is greatly shortened, and the fruit tree orchard establishment is facilitated. The income of fruit growers is guaranteed, the garden building cost is reduced, the fumigation effect is guaranteed, and the continuous cropping obstacle of apples, pears and peaches is overcome.
(4) The method can effectively reduce the content of phenolic acids and the quantity of fusarium oxysporum in the soil, is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees, enables young trees to grow robustly, ensures that the survival rate of the young trees in the apple continuous cropping orchard establishment reaches more than 97 percent, and ensures that the growth quantity of the young trees is 95 percent of that of the young trees in a positive cropping orchard (an orchard established on the soil where the fruit trees are not planted).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on the number of F.oxysporum in the soil after the continuous cropping.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As introduced in the background section, chemical fumigation is an effective measure for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches at present, various fumigants in the prior art can destroy the environment or pollute soil although the effect is good, and the long-term change of fumigation time increases the garden building cost.
Based on the ammonium persulfate complexing agent, the ammonium persulfate and the lime sulphur are compounded and the soil is fumigated in a closed mode. Soil humidity is adjusted before fumigation, ammonium persulfate is easy to decompose when being affected with damp, ammonium persulfate particles are not easy to completely decompose when the humidity is too small, the humidity is too large and the dispersion degree of the ammonium sulfate is too small, and the treatment effect is poor. According to the chemical properties of the ammonium persulfate, the alkaline lime sulphur agent with a proper proportion is added into the ammonium persulfate, so that the degradation of self-toxic substances and the sterilization effect of the ammonium persulfate are remarkably promoted, and the sterilization function of the lime sulphur agent is added, so that the lime sulphur agent and the lime sulphur agent can play a synergistic effect to more effectively optimize the continuous cropping soil environment of fruit trees, and further overcome the continuous cropping obstacles of apples, pears and peaches. The sealing of the plastic film can accelerate the peroxy oxidation of phenolic acid substances in the ammonium persulfate, and can also ensure that ozone gas generated by the decomposition of the ammonium persulfate does not leak outwards, thereby fully killing pathogenic microorganisms. Meanwhile, ammonium sulfate generated by ammonium persulfate can provide nutrition for plant growth.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are conventional in the art and are commercially available.
Example 1: apple continuous cropping obstacle prevention and control test in Taian of Shandong
The method comprises the following steps:
when the old orchard needs to be updated, old trees are removed, the full-field is broadcasted with fully-decomposed organic fertilizer, the using amount per mu is not lower than 5, then the full-field is cultivated in a rotary manner, the rotary cultivation depth is 35cm, the residual root system in the soil is picked up in combination with the rotary cultivation, and according to the planting density, the following treatment is implemented to the planting ditch range and the orchard is built:
1. regulating the soil humidity in the field planting ditch range. The width of the planting furrows is 1m, so that the relative water content of the soil in the range of the planting furrows reaches about 60 percent, and the harrowing is carried out on the rotary-tilled planting furrows.
2. And mixing the ammonium persulfate and the lime sulfur according to the mass ratio of 6:4 to prepare the ammonium persulfate complexing agent. Uniformly spreading ammonium persulfate compound agent with the dosage of 260g/m in the range of the harrowed planting furrows2And then the rotary tillage is carried out twice, and the rotary tillage depth is 35 cm.
3. Sealing and fumigating. And (3) covering the soil sprayed with the ammonium persulfate complexing agent by using a plastic film with the thickness of 6 wires, and sealing and fumigating for 15 days.
4. Ventilating and airing. Removing the film, rotary tillage again, rotary tillage depth 35cm, and air drying for 7 days.
5. And (5) planting young trees and building a garden. Selecting high-quality big seedlings with developed root systems and strong growth for field planting and building a garden.
6. And (5) enhancing management of saplings. And 3, in the first three years after the garden is built, soil, fertilizer and water management, sapling tree shaping and pest and weed prevention and control of the nursery garden are enhanced.
Example 2: apple continuous cropping and garden building in Shandong Penglai
The method comprises the following steps:
when the old orchard needs to be updated, old trees are removed, the full-field is broadcasted with fully-decomposed organic fertilizer, the using amount per mu is not lower than 5, then the full-field is cultivated in a rotary manner, the rotary cultivation depth is 35cm, the residual root system in the soil is picked up in combination with the rotary cultivation, and according to the planting density, the following treatment is implemented to the planting ditch range and the orchard is built:
1. regulating the soil humidity in the field planting ditch range. The width of the planting furrows is 1m, so that the relative water content of the soil in the planting furrows reaches about 55 percent, and the harrowing is carried out on the rotary-tilled planting furrows.
2. And mixing the ammonium persulfate and the lime sulfur according to the mass ratio of 6:4 to prepare the ammonium persulfate complexing agent. Uniformly spreading ammonium persulfate compound agent with the dosage of 270g/m in the range of the harrowed planting furrows2And then the rotary tillage is carried out twice, and the rotary tillage depth is 35 cm.
3. Sealing and fumigating. And (3) performing film covering treatment on the soil sprayed with the ammonium persulfate complexing agent by using a plastic film with the thickness of 7 filaments, and performing closed fumigation for 12 days.
4. Ventilating and airing. Removing the film, rotary tillage again, rotary tillage depth 35cm, and air drying for 7 days.
5. And (5) planting young trees and building a garden. Selecting high-quality big seedlings with developed root systems and strong growth for field planting and building a garden.
6. And (5) enhancing management of saplings. And 3, in the first three years after the garden is built, soil, fertilizer and water management, sapling tree shaping and pest and weed prevention and control of the nursery garden are enhanced.
Example 3: apple continuous cropping garden building in Luochuan of Shaanxi
The method comprises the following steps:
when the old orchard needs to be updated, old trees are removed, the full-field is broadcasted with fully-decomposed organic fertilizer, the using amount per mu is not lower than 5, then the full-field is cultivated in a rotary manner, the rotary cultivation depth is 35cm, the residual root system in the soil is picked up in combination with the rotary cultivation, and according to the planting density, the following treatment is implemented to the planting ditch range and the orchard is built:
1. regulating the soil humidity in the field planting ditch range. The width of the planting furrows is 1m, so that the relative water content of the soil in the planting furrows reaches about 65 percent, and the harrowing is carried out on the rotary-tilled planting furrows.
2. And mixing the ammonium persulfate and the lime sulfur according to the mass ratio of 6:4 to prepare the ammonium persulfate complexing agent.Uniformly spreading ammonium persulfate compound agent with the dosage of 250g/m in the range of the harrowed planting furrows2And then the rotary tillage is carried out twice, and the rotary tillage depth is 35 cm.
3. Sealing and fumigating. And (3) covering the soil sprayed with the ammonium persulfate complexing agent by using a plastic film with the thickness of 9 wires, and sealing and fumigating for 17 days.
4. Ventilating and airing. Removing the film, rotary tillage again, rotary tillage depth 35cm, and air drying for 7 days.
5. And (5) planting young trees and building a garden. Selecting high-quality big seedlings with developed root systems and strong growth for field planting and building a garden.
6. And (5) enhancing management of saplings. And 3, in the first three years after the garden is built, soil, fertilizer and water management, sapling tree shaping and pest and weed prevention and control of the nursery garden are enhanced.
Example 4: successive cropping of pear in Pteris villosa to build garden
When the old orchard needs to be updated, old trees are removed, the full-field is broadcasted with fully-decomposed organic fertilizer, the using amount per mu is not lower than 5, then the full-field is cultivated in a rotary manner, the rotary cultivation depth is 35cm, the residual root system in the soil is picked up in combination with the rotary cultivation, and according to the planting density, the following treatment is implemented to the planting ditch range and the orchard is built:
1. regulating the soil humidity in the field planting ditch range. The width of the planting furrows is 1m, so that the relative water content of the soil in the range of the planting furrows reaches about 60 percent, and the harrowing is carried out on the rotary-tilled planting furrows.
2. And mixing the ammonium persulfate and the lime sulfur according to the mass ratio of 6:4 to prepare the ammonium persulfate complexing agent. Uniformly spreading ammonium persulfate compound agent with the dosage of 260g/m in the range of the harrowed planting furrows2And then the rotary tillage is carried out twice, and the rotary tillage depth is 35 cm.
3. Sealing and fumigating. And (3) covering the soil sprayed with the ammonium persulfate complexing agent by using a plastic film with the thickness of 6 wires, and sealing and fumigating for 15 days.
4. Ventilating and airing. Removing the film, rotary tillage again, rotary tillage depth 35cm, and air drying for 7 days.
5. And (5) planting young trees and building a garden. Selecting high-quality big seedlings with developed root systems and strong growth for field planting and building a garden.
6. And (5) enhancing management of saplings. And 3, in the first three years after the garden is built, soil, fertilizer and water management, sapling tree shaping and pest and weed prevention and control of the nursery garden are enhanced.
Example 5: continuous cropping of pear at Bay Town village
The method comprises the following steps:
when the old orchard needs to be updated, old trees are removed, the full-field is broadcasted with fully-decomposed organic fertilizer, the using amount per mu is not lower than 5, then the full-field is cultivated in a rotary manner, the rotary cultivation depth is 35cm, the residual root system in the soil is picked up in combination with the rotary cultivation, and according to the planting density, the following treatment is implemented to the planting ditch range and the orchard is built:
1. regulating the soil humidity in the field planting ditch range. The width of the planting furrows is 1m, so that the relative water content of the soil in the planting furrows reaches about 55 percent, and the harrowing is carried out on the rotary-tilled planting furrows.
2. And mixing the ammonium persulfate and the lime sulfur according to the mass ratio of 6:4 to prepare the ammonium persulfate complexing agent. Uniformly spreading ammonium persulfate compound agent with the dosage of 270g/m in the range of the harrowed planting furrows2And then the rotary tillage is carried out twice, and the rotary tillage depth is 35 cm.
3. Sealing and fumigating. And (3) performing film covering treatment on the soil sprayed with the ammonium persulfate complexing agent by using a plastic film with the thickness of 7 filaments, and performing closed fumigation for 12 days.
4. Ventilating and airing. Removing the film, rotary tillage again, rotary tillage depth 35cm, and air drying for 7 days.
5. And (5) planting young trees and building a garden. Selecting high-quality big seedlings with developed root systems and strong growth for field planting and building a garden.
6. And (5) enhancing management of saplings. And 3, in the first three years after the garden is built, soil, fertilizer and water management, sapling tree shaping and pest and weed prevention and control of the nursery garden are enhanced.
Comparative example 1: prevention and control of apple continuous cropping obstacle by using ammonium persulfate
The apple tree continuous cropping and orchard establishment method in Taian of Shandong comprises the following steps:
when the old orchard needs to be updated, old trees are removed, the full-field is broadcasted with fully-decomposed organic fertilizer, the using amount per mu is not lower than 5, then the full-field is cultivated in a rotary manner, the rotary cultivation depth is 35cm, the residual root system in the soil is picked up in combination with the rotary cultivation, and according to the planting density, the following treatment is implemented to the planting ditch range and the orchard is built:
1. regulating the soil humidity in the field planting ditch range. The width of the planting furrows is 1m, so that the relative water content of the soil in the range of the planting furrows reaches about 60 percent, and the harrowing is carried out on the rotary-tilled planting furrows.
2. Uniformly spreading ammonium persulfate in the range of the harrowed planting furrows, wherein the dosage is 260g/m2And then the rotary tillage is carried out twice, and the rotary tillage depth is 35 cm.
3. Sealing and fumigating. The soil on which the ammonium persulfate was applied was covered with a 6-filament thick plastic film, and then fumigated in a closed state for 15 days.
4. Ventilating and airing. Removing the film, rotary tillage again, rotary tillage depth 35cm, and air drying for 7 days.
5. And (5) planting young trees and building a garden. Selecting high-quality big seedlings with developed root systems and strong growth for field planting and building a garden.
6. And (5) enhancing management of saplings. And 3, in the first three years after the garden is built, soil, fertilizer and water management, sapling tree shaping and pest and weed prevention and control of the nursery garden are enhanced.
Comparative example 2: lime sulphur mixture for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacle of apples
Apple continuous cropping and garden building are carried out on Taian in Shandong, and the steps are as follows:
when the old orchard needs to be updated, old trees are removed, the full-field is broadcasted with fully-decomposed organic fertilizer, the using amount per mu is not lower than 5, then the full-field is cultivated in a rotary manner, the rotary cultivation depth is 35cm, the residual root system in the soil is picked up in combination with the rotary cultivation, and according to the planting density, the following treatment is implemented to the planting ditch range and the orchard is built:
1. regulating the soil humidity in the field planting ditch range. The width of the planting furrows is 1m, so that the relative water content of the soil in the range of the planting furrows reaches about 60 percent, and the harrowing is carried out on the rotary-tilled planting furrows.
2. Uniformly spreading lime sulphur mixture in the range of harrowed planting furrows, wherein the dosage of the lime sulphur mixture is 260g/m2And then the rotary tillage is carried out twice, and the rotary tillage depth is 35 cm.
3. Sealing and fumigating. The soil on which the lime sulphur was spread was covered with a 6-filament plastic film and then fumigated in a closed state for 15 days.
4. Ventilating and airing. Removing the film, rotary tillage again, rotary tillage depth 35cm, and air drying for 7 days.
5. And (5) planting young trees and building a garden. Selecting high-quality big seedlings with developed root systems and strong growth for field planting and building a garden.
6. And (5) enhancing management of saplings. And 3, in the first three years after the garden is built, soil, fertilizer and water management, sapling tree shaping and pest and weed prevention and control of the nursery garden are enhanced.
When the method of the embodiment 1-3 of the invention is adopted to carry out apple continuous cropping orchard establishment, the average survival rate of the saplings is more than 97 percent, the growth amount of the saplings is 95 percent of that of the orchard established by the main cropping, the orchard is uniform, and the yield is not obviously different from that of the main cropping. In example 1, the survival rate and growth amount of the saplings of example 1 were significantly improved as compared with those of comparative examples 1 to 2.
The method is applied to preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of pears and peaches, and is also applied to continuous cropping and orchard establishment of local pears and peaches such as Shandong Mengyin, Yiyuan, Laizhou, Laiyang and the like, and the continuous cropping obstacles of pears and peaches are effectively prevented and controlled as a result.
In the examples 4 and 5, the pear continuous cropping orchard establishment is compared with the pear orchard continuous cropping plantation in the same area, and the varieties and daily management of the pear orchard continuous cropping plantation are the same as the treatment after the orchard establishment in the examples 4 to 5. The biomass results of the pears in the third year of orchard establishment are shown in table 1.
Table 1: effect of treatment on Pear Biomass
Test example:
the influence of different treatments on the continuous cropping soil of the fruit trees and the seedlings planted in the continuous cropping soil on the heavy stubble plants and the soil environment is investigated by a pot experiment, and the obtained results are shown in the table 1, the table 2 and the figure 1.
The pot culture test adopts the continuous cropping soil of fruit trees without any treatment as a Control (CK) for treatment; fumigating fruit tree continuous cropping soil with methyl bromide for T1 treatment; the continuous cropping soil of the fruit trees is fumigated by the ammonium persulfate complex agent in the embodiment 1 to be treated by T2.
CK. The apple saplings treated and planted by the T1 and the T2 are all Malus hupehensis Rehd, and the tree ages and the growth vigor of the Malus hupehensis Rehd have no obvious difference.
Table 2: influence of different treatments on biomass of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings
Note: different lower case letters after the numerical value indicate significant differences between the different treatments (P <0.05), the following.
At present, the best continuous cropping resistant effect of the fumigated fruit tree continuous cropping soil is methyl bromide, but the methyl bromide has high cost and serious environmental pollution, so that a product which can obtain better continuous cropping resistant effect, does not pollute the environment and has low cost needs to be found to replace the methyl bromide. As can be seen from Table 1, the plant height and dry mass of the Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings treated by the method of example 1 are slightly lower than those of the Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings treated by methyl bromide, which indicates that the complexing agent of the present invention is beneficial to the growth of fruit tree seedlings and has a good continuous cropping resistance effect. But the complexing agent has low cost, does not pollute soil, can provide nutrients for fruit trees, has low cost for building gardens, improves the income of fruit growers compared with the treatment of T1, and is a very reliable methyl bromide substitute.
Table 3: influence of different treatments on content of continuous cropping soil phenolic acid
Table 2 shows the effect of different treatments on the content of phenolic acid in the continuous cropping soil, and it can be seen from table 2 that the content of phenolic acid in the continuous cropping soil is the lowest after the treatment of T2, i.e. the treatment of the method of example 1. Therefore, the method can reduce the content of phenolic acid in the continuous cropping soil, wherein phlorizin is a main phenolic acid substance causing apple continuous cropping obstacle, and the reduction of the content of phlorizin and the like can effectively relieve the apple continuous cropping obstacle and is beneficial to the growth of fruit tree seedlings.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, after the treatment of T1, that is, the fumigation treatment with methyl bromide, the quantity of Fusarium oxysporum in the continuous cropping soil is greatly reduced, and the soil-borne diseases of the continuous cropping soil on fruit tree seedlings are effectively reduced, while the treatment of T2, compared with the treatment of T1 and CK, also effectively reduces the quantity of Fusarium oxysporum in the continuous cropping soil, and also effectively inhibits the soil-borne diseases, and the continuous cropping resistance effect is significant.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An ammonium persulfate complexing agent is characterized in that: the complexing agent comprises ammonium persulfate and a lime sulphur agent, wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium persulfate to the lime sulphur agent is 6: 4.
2. Use of the ammonium persulfate complex formulation of claim 1 for the prevention and control of apple, pear or peach replant obstacle.
3. A method for preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles of fruit trees by using ammonium persulfate complexing agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adjusting the soil humidity within the field planting ditch range to enable the relative water content of the soil to reach 55-65%, and carrying out rotary tillage and raking the field planting ditch;
(2) preparing the ammonium persulfate complex agent of claim 1;
(3) uniformly spreading the ammonium persulfate complexing agent prepared in the step (2) in the harrowed planting furrows, and then carrying out rotary tillage twice;
(4) covering a plastic film on the soil sprayed with the ammonium persulfate complexing agent, and carrying out closed fumigation for 12-18 days;
(5) removing the plastic film after the fumigation is finished, carrying out rotary tillage again, and airing the fumigated soil;
(6) planting saplings and building a garden.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in step (1), the planting furrows are 1m wide.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the ammonium persulfate complexing agent is used in an amount of 250-270 g/m2。
6. The method of claim 3, wherein in step (4), the plastic film has a thickness of not less than 6 filaments.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein in step (4), the plastic film is coated by compacting the film with weights around the circumference of the plastic film.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein in step (5), the fumigated soil is sun-cured for 7 days.
9. A method according to claim 3, wherein the depth of the rotary tillage is 35 cm.
10. The method of claim 3, wherein the fruit tree is an apple, pear or peach.
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