CN102598969A - Comprehensive method for overcoming fruit tree plant continuous cropping diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

A comprehensive method for overcoming fruit tree plant continuous cropping diseases comprises clearing old orchard and plowing; preparing fruit tree seedling culture substrate; sterilizing old orchard soil; performing soaking treatment on root of fruit tree seedling; fix-planting fruit tree seedling in pit; performing water-saving irrigation; and performing field plowing. The invention has simple and convenient operation, low cost, high practicality, and good effect. New fruit tree seedling is isolated from old orchard soil through local control; seedling is sterilized and then has root soaked in sterilized old orchard soil, to improve immunity against continuous cropping diseases; and then sterilized seedling is fix-planted in local-controlled substrate, to overcome continuous cropping diseases. The invention is of great significance for sustainable development of fruit tree industry.

Description

Overcome the polymerization of fruit tree plant continuous cropping disease

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method that overcomes the fruit tree plant continuous cropping disease, specifically is that a kind of control with the part through the raising via plant immunity planted the space to overcome the polymerization of fruit tree plant continuous cropping disease, belongs to the arviculture field.

Background technology

The woody plant fruit tree is a perennial crop, like apple, pears, peach, citrus etc., serious continuous cropping obstacle can take place, and is about to need lie fallow after old orchard veteran cuts out or crop rotation 4-7 can the field planting new talent.Apple is the first fruit tree crop of northern China, and China plants the maximum and the highest country of output of apple area in the world.It is aging that China famous producing region of many apples such as Shaanxi Province's Luochuan County, Baishui County etc. will have 30% orchard to face in 7-10, must veteran be cut out the field planting new talent.Overcoming the fruit tree continuous cropping disease is an international difficult problem; Effectively solved as yet at present; Main cause is that fruit tree is with respect to the draft crop; It is much serious that its continuous cropping obstacle is wanted, if find after the fruit tree crop field planting that continuous cropping disease overcomes it, will be stranded much more difficult with respect to one, for the biennial herb crop.Causing the fruit tree continuous cropping disease mainly is to be caused by mushroom and toxin.In last century, there is report to adopt the way of soil fumigation to overcome continuous cropping disease abroad, this method not only cost is high, and brings serious environmental pollution, and Along with people's is to protection environment pay attention to day by day, the use that has been under an embargo of this method.Another kind method is; Behind orchard planting 20-30, other seeks a soil plantation new talent of not planting this fruit tree, and this method is in some the many less countries such as the U.S., Australian feasible; But it is then infeasible in the China that has a large population and a few land; Fruit tree has been planted in the arable land of the counties and districts 90% that China has, and the orchard worker will find the local field planting new talent that does not raise fruit trees cannot behind plantation 25-30; And orchard worker's utilization is lain fallow or crop rotation 4-7 overcomes the fruit tree continuous cropping disease, certainly will bring influence to the stability of fruit tree industry.China also has the scholar to attempt to prevent with partition method the generation (application number: 200910077303) of plant continuous cropping disease; This method is mainly used in one, the biennial herb crop; And find this method isolation processing and imprecision in practice; After irrigating or raining, the assorted bacterium in the old orchard soil still is easy to sneak into isolated area, still can cause the generation of continuous cropping disease; This method is only stressed to adopt passive isolation method to prevent plant continuous cropping disease simultaneously, does not have actual effect for how improving the immunity of plant own.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective that present institute method for using exists; Overcome the fruit tree continuous cropping disease through easy, effective method, plant the space to overcome the polymerization of fruit tree plant continuous cropping disease and disclose a kind of control with the part through the raising via plant immunity.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is following:

A. remove old orchard foreign material and farming;

B. doing fruit seedling cultivation matrix prepares;

C. get old orchard soil disinfection;

D. new fruit shoot root portion is carried out immersion treatment;

E. the new really seedling of the field planting of digging pit;

F. implement water-saving irrigation;

G. implement the field farming.

Good effect of the present invention be easy and simple to handle, cost is low, practical, respond well, be a kind of brand-new method that overcomes the fruit tree continuous cropping disease.Through part control new fruit seedling is separated with old orchard soil; Through new fruit seedling being disinfected and root being carried out immersion treatment with the old orchard soil after the sterilization; To improve the immunity of fruit tree to continuous cropping disease; And then the new fruit seedling field planting after will sterilizing is in the matrix of part control, to overcome the harm of fruit tree continuous cropping disease.The present invention is significant for the sustainable development of fruit tree industry.

Embodiment

Through following embodiment the present invention is done and to describe in further detail:

A. remove old orchard foreign material and farming

After treating that apple is gathered, immediately old fruit tree is cut out, foreign material such as old fruit tree root, leaf, branch are removed clean as far as possible; Subsequently soil was ploughed deeply once in per ten days; Plough deeply the back with Baume 1 degree stone sulphur agent sterilization, assurance is ploughed deeply 5-6 time, goes into before the winter deep irrigation once again; Guarantee soil is freezed fully, thawing to 1 year beginning of spring, the back field planting is new really ploughs deeply 3-4 time before the seedling again;

B. doing fruit seedling cultivation matrix prepares

Fruit seedling cultivation matrix is by the coarse sand rubble of diameter 4-20 millimeter and the well-rotted farmyard manure ratio=volume ratio mixed in 6: 4;

C. get old orchard soil disinfection

The dark 20-60cm soil horizon in district of planting in old orchard is got part soil, carries out disinfection with boiling method, adds the clear water of 3 times of volumes after the soil disinfection, and it is subsequent use to stir filtration acquisition thimerosal slurry;

D. with thimerosal slurry new fruit shoot root portion is carried out immersion treatment

With clear water new fruit seedling was soaked 4-5 hour, handle with 0.08-0.1% potassium permanganate then and use flushing with clean water again after 15-20 minute, field planting after half an hour is soaked with the thimerosal slurry again by new fruit shoot root system, with raising nursery stock immunity;

E. the new really seedling of the field planting of digging pit

Tree at Lao Yuanshu is digged pit apart from the ranks, and length and width dark each 80-100cm in hole is cheating the end and hole inner edge lay plastic sack; On plastic sack, have aperture, pore density is 200-250/m2, and the assurance root system is breathed freely and can outwards be stretched; Put into matrix in the plastic sack, the fruit tree bud time cultivates new fruit seedling in the matrix in the land for growing field crops, in time irrigates behind the new fruit of the field planting seedling; Then plastic sack is pricked tight envelope along new fruit seedling trunk, prevent that old orchard soil from sneaking in the plastic sack; Plastic sack covers one deck wheat straw near the top on the face of land and prevents its weathering;

F. utilize that rich water is integrated to carry out water-saving irrigation

Adopt to drip and the water saving irrigation technique such as to irrigate and irrigate, or chemical fertilizer is dissolved in together pours in the matrix with water-saving irrigation in the irrigation water, moisture content and chemical fertilizer are directly inputted in the root system of new fruit seedling;

G. carry out the field farming

In time weed a garden, the shallow plowing of per two to three months the first three years seasons of growth once is about to plastic sack and unties after the field planting; Loose matrix, execute a small amount of fertilizer annual winter in matrix, and field planting is after 4 years; The fruit tree root system is healthy and strong; Remove plastic sack this moment, ploughs deeply and organic fertilizer, and other management are undertaken by conventional method.

The present invention is with relatively main innovate point is said as follows with class methods at present:

1. before the field planting, old orchard is ploughed deeply more than 8 times, and soil efficiently 1. is not clearly stipulated with low toxicity extremely; Microbial inoculum is repeatedly disinfected;

2. new talent is handled with the old orchard soil thimerosal slurry after sterilizing and improves immunity; 2. do not handle;

New talent be planted in isolate in the matrix of heavy-duty plastic bag tight; 3. isolation imprecision;

4. matrix is made up of the coarse sand rubble and the good organic matter that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and not only gas permeability 4. is not clearly stipulated; Good, be difficult for hardening, reduce the farming number of times, and also nutritious, help plant growth;

5. isolation is removed in the new talent field planting after 4 years.5. clearly do not stipulate.

Claims (2)

1. overcome the polymerization of fruit tree plant continuous cropping disease, it is characterized in that the technical scheme that adopts is following:

A. remove old orchard foreign material and farming;

B. doing fruit seedling cultivation matrix prepares;

C. get old orchard soil disinfection;

D. new fruit shoot root portion is carried out immersion treatment;

E. the new really seedling of the field planting of digging pit;

F. implement water-saving irrigation;

G. implement the field farming.

2. the polymerization that overcomes the fruit tree plant continuous cropping disease according to claim 1 is characterized in that the technical scheme that adopts is following:

A. remove old orchard foreign material and farming

After treating that apple is gathered, immediately old fruit tree is cut out, foreign material such as old fruit tree root, leaf, branch are removed clean as far as possible; Subsequently soil was ploughed deeply once in per ten days; Plough deeply the back with Baume 1 degree stone sulphur agent sterilization, assurance is ploughed deeply 5-6 time, goes into before the winter deep irrigation once again; Guarantee soil is freezed fully, thawing to 1 year beginning of spring, the back field planting is new really ploughs deeply 3-4 time before the seedling again;

B. doing fruit seedling cultivation matrix prepares

Fruit seedling cultivation matrix is by the coarse sand rubble of diameter 4-20 millimeter and the well-rotted farmyard manure ratio=volume ratio mixed in 6: 4;

C. get old orchard soil disinfection

The dark 20-60cm soil horizon in district of planting in old orchard is got part soil, carries out disinfection with boiling method, adds the clear water of 3 times of volumes after the soil disinfection, and it is subsequent use to stir filtration acquisition thimerosal slurry;

D. with thimerosal slurry new fruit shoot root portion is carried out immersion treatment

With clear water new fruit seedling was soaked 4-5 hour, handle with 0.08-0.1% potassium permanganate then and use flushing with clean water again after 15-20 minute, field planting after half an hour is soaked with the thimerosal slurry again by new fruit shoot root system, with raising nursery stock immunity;

E. the new really seedling of the field planting of digging pit

Tree at Lao Yuanshu is digged pit apart from the ranks, and length and width dark each 80-100cm in hole cheating the end and hole inner edge lay plastic sack, has aperture on plastic sack, and pore density is 200-250/m ², the assurance root system is breathed freely and can outwards be stretched, and puts into matrix in the plastic sack; The fruit tree bud time cultivates new fruit seedling in the matrix in the land for growing field crops; In time irrigate behind the new fruit of the field planting seedling, then plastic sack is pricked tight envelope along new fruit seedling trunk, prevent that old orchard soil from sneaking in the plastic sack; Plastic sack covers one deck wheat straw near the top on the face of land and prevents its weathering;

F. utilize that rich water is integrated to carry out water-saving irrigation

Adopt to drip and the water saving irrigation technique such as to irrigate and irrigate, or chemical fertilizer is dissolved in together pours in the matrix with water-saving irrigation in the irrigation water, moisture content and chemical fertilizer are directly inputted in the root system of new fruit seedling;

G. carry out the field farming

In time weed a garden, the shallow plowing of per two to three months the first three years seasons of growth once is about to plastic sack and unties after the field planting; Loose matrix, execute a small amount of fertilizer annual winter in matrix, and field planting is after 4 years; The fruit tree root system is healthy and strong; Remove plastic sack this moment, ploughs deeply and organic fertilizer, and other management are undertaken by conventional method.