CN112806225A - Planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation - Google Patents
Planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112806225A CN112806225A CN202110229191.9A CN202110229191A CN112806225A CN 112806225 A CN112806225 A CN 112806225A CN 202110229191 A CN202110229191 A CN 202110229191A CN 112806225 A CN112806225 A CN 112806225A
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- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000193755 Bacillus cereus Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 abstract 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation, which comprises the following steps: after steam explosion treatment, adding water until the water content is 50-55%, mixing with sawdust, sucrose, gypsum, beta-oligomeric acid and seaweed fertilizer, uniformly stirring, bagging, sterilizing, naturally cooling and inoculating; after the cultivation is finished, placing the seedlings in a field greenhouse, culturing until hyphae grow to fill the whole bag, puncturing the holes, removing the bag and producing ears, stacking the seedlings in a regular triangle or Chinese character jing shape, performing open-air discharge when a small amount of ear buds are formed and the temperature is stable below 25 ℃, accelerating the ears by receiving natural illumination, and performing conventional management until the ears are produced; and (3) bagging the fungus sticks, crushing, stirring, mixing and stirring uniformly with EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial liquid, coanda bacterium fermentation liquid and bacillus cereus fermentation liquid, scattering in the field along with fine ploughing, and planting rice after leaving the field for one week. The invention can obviously shorten the fungus growing time of the black fungus, improve the yield of the black fungus and the rice and ensure the quality of the black fungus and the rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of food production, in particular to a planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation.
Background
The black fungus-rice crop rotation cultivation technology is a new mode of edible fungus and rice crop rotation, and has made a great breakthrough through years of exploration, and the technology is popular with vast farmers due to convenient management, low production cost and high benefit, thereby not only solving the problem of idle farmland, improving the land utilization rate, but also reducing the fertilizer and pesticide cost required by rice planting and bringing greater economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation, which can reduce plant diseases and insect pests in the black fungus cultivation process, remarkably shorten the black fungus emergence time, improve the black fungus and rice yield, and simultaneously ensure the quality of the black fungus and the rice.
The scheme adopted by the method is as follows: a planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation comprises the following steps:
s1, performing steam explosion treatment on the harvested rice straws, adding water until the water content is 50-55%, mixing with a proper amount of sawdust, sucrose, gypsum, beta-oligomeric acid and seaweed fertilizer, uniformly stirring, bagging, performing sterilization treatment, naturally cooling to 30 ℃, and inoculating;
s2, after inoculation, placing the seedlings in a field greenhouse, culturing the seedlings for about 20 days at the temperature of 22-28 ℃ and the humidity of 60-70% until hyphae grow to fill the whole bag, pricking holes, removing the bag and growing the fungus, stacking the hyphae in a regular triangle or # -shape, discharging the fungus in the open air when a small amount of ear buds are formed and the temperature is stable below 25 ℃, accelerating the fungus by natural illumination, and after the fungus grows out, performing conventional management until harvesting;
s3, removing bags from the fungus sticks, crushing, mixing with EM bacterial liquid, coanda bacterium fermentation liquid and waxy bacillus fermentation liquid, stirring uniformly, scattering in the field along with fine ploughing, and standing for a week to plant rice.
Further, in the step S1, 100 parts of rice straw, 60-65 parts of sawdust, 1-1.5 parts of sucrose, 1-1.5 parts of gypsum, 0.5-1.5 parts of beta-oligomeric acid and 0.3-0.6 parts of seaweed fertilizer.
Further, in the step S1, the rice straw is cut off, placed in a steam explosion tank, nitrogen is introduced into the steam explosion tank until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 1.5 to 2.5MPa, and the explosion treatment is performed for 10 to 15 min; then, steam is rapidly introduced until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 2.5-5 MPa, the steam explosion treatment is carried out for 1-3 min, and water is added until the water content is 50-55%.
Further, in the step S2, 5-6 kg of abamectin organic fertilizer is broadcast to each mu one week before the outdoor discharge, the rotary tillage and leveling are carried out, hay is laid, and the fungus sticks are supported by bamboo sticks to be lifted off the ground.
Further, in the step S3, the fungus stick is unpacked, crushed to 200 meshes, and then uniformly mixed with the EM bacterial liquid, the coanda bacterium fermentation liquid and the bacillus cereus fermentation liquid according to the mass volume ratio of 20:1:0.5: 0.3.
Further, in the step S3, 10-20 kg of fungus stick powder is scattered per mu.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method can reduce plant diseases and insect pests in the black fungus cultivation process, remarkably shorten the black fungus emergence time (about 15 days), and improve the black fungus and rice yield, wherein the black fungus yield is increased by 20-30%, the rice yield is increased by about 10%, the quality of the black fungus and rice is ensured, and the black fungus has high sugar content and large size.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. It should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
In the following embodiments, the rice field cultivation season is from the top of 5 months to the bottom of 10 months, black fungus is planted in a non-rice production season from 11 months to the early 5 months of the next year, black fungus is planted in autumn and spring, bags are made from the middle of 7 months to the bottom of 9 months in autumn according to the height of the altitude, inoculation, indoor spawn running cultivation, drainage is carried out from the bottom of 10 months to the early 11 months, bags are made from the bottom of spring cultivation in 11-12 months, inoculation is carried out, and drainage is carried out in 3 months of the next year.
Example 1
A planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the harvested rice straws, placing the cut rice straws in a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen into the steam explosion tank until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 1.5-2.5 MPa, and performing explosion treatment for 10-15 min; then, rapidly introducing steam until the pressure in a steam explosion tank is 2.5-5 MPa, carrying out steam explosion treatment for 1-3 min, adding water until the water content is 50%, mixing and stirring uniformly with a proper amount of sawdust, sucrose, gypsum, beta-oligomeric acid and seaweed fertilizer, bagging, carrying out sterilization treatment, naturally cooling to 30 ℃, and inoculating;
s2, after inoculation, placing the seedlings in a field greenhouse, culturing the seedlings for about 20 days at the temperature of 22-28 ℃ and the humidity of 60-70% until hyphae grow to fill the whole bag, pricking holes, removing the bag and growing the fungus, stacking the hyphae in a regular triangle or # -shape, discharging the fungus in the open air when a small amount of ear buds are formed and the temperature is stable below 25 ℃, accelerating the fungus by natural illumination, and after the fungus grows out, performing conventional management until harvesting; one week before the outdoor discharge, 5-6 kg of abamectin organic fertilizer is spread per mu, rotary tillage and leveling are carried out, hay is laid, and a bamboo stick is used for supporting a fungus stick to be lifted off the ground;
s3, removing bags from the fungus sticks, crushing the fungus sticks to 200 meshes, uniformly mixing the fungus sticks with EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial liquid, coanda bacterium fermentation liquid and bacillus cereus fermentation liquid according to the mass volume ratio of 20:1:0.5:0.3, scattering 10-20 kg of fungus stick powder per mu in the field along with fine ploughing, and standing for one week to plant rice.
In this embodiment, in step S1, 100 parts by weight of rice straw is weighed, added with water until the water content is 50%, and mixed with 60 parts by weight of sawdust, 1 part by weight of sucrose, 1 part by weight of gypsum, 0.5 part by weight of beta-oligomeric acid, and 0.3 part by weight of seaweed fertilizer, and then the mixture is uniformly stirred and bagged.
Example 2
A planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the harvested rice straws, placing the cut rice straws in a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen into the steam explosion tank until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 1.5-2.5 MPa, and performing explosion treatment for 10-15 min; then, rapidly introducing steam until the pressure in a steam explosion tank is 2.5-5 MPa, carrying out steam explosion treatment for 1-3 min, adding water until the water content is 55%, mixing and stirring uniformly with a proper amount of sawdust, cane sugar, gypsum, beta-oligomeric acid and seaweed fertilizer, bagging, carrying out sterilization treatment, naturally cooling to 30 ℃, and inoculating;
s2, after inoculation, placing the seedlings in a field greenhouse, culturing the seedlings for about 20 days at the temperature of 22-28 ℃ and the humidity of 60-70% until hyphae grow to fill the whole bag, pricking holes, removing the bag and growing the fungus, stacking the hyphae in a regular triangle or # -shape, discharging the fungus in the open air when a small amount of ear buds are formed and the temperature is stable below 25 ℃, accelerating the fungus by natural illumination, and after the fungus grows out, performing conventional management until harvesting; one week before the outdoor discharge, 5-6 kg of abamectin organic fertilizer is spread per mu, rotary tillage and leveling are carried out, hay is laid, and a bamboo stick is used for supporting a fungus stick to be lifted off the ground;
s3, removing bags from the fungus sticks, crushing the fungus sticks to 200 meshes, uniformly mixing the fungus sticks with EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial liquid, coanda bacterium fermentation liquid and bacillus cereus fermentation liquid according to the mass volume ratio of 20:1:0.5:0.3, scattering 10-20 kg of fungus stick powder per mu in the field along with fine ploughing, and standing for one week to plant rice.
In this embodiment, in step S1, 100 parts by weight of rice straw is weighed, added with water until the water content is 55%, and mixed with 65 parts by weight of sawdust, 1.5 parts by weight of sucrose, 1.5 parts by weight of gypsum, 1.5 parts by weight of β -oligoacid, and 0.6 parts by weight of seaweed fertilizer, and then the mixture is uniformly stirred and bagged.
Example 3
A planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the harvested rice straws, placing the cut rice straws in a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen into the steam explosion tank until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 1.5-2.5 MPa, and performing explosion treatment for 10-15 min; then, rapidly introducing steam until the pressure in a steam explosion tank is 2.5-5 MPa, carrying out steam explosion treatment for 1-3 min, adding water until the water content is 52.5%, mixing and stirring uniformly with a proper amount of sawdust, sucrose, gypsum, beta-oligomeric acid and seaweed fertilizer, bagging, carrying out sterilization treatment, naturally cooling to 30 ℃, and inoculating;
s2, after inoculation, placing the seedlings in a field greenhouse, culturing the seedlings for about 20 days at the temperature of 22-28 ℃ and the humidity of 60-70% until hyphae grow to fill the whole bag, pricking holes, removing the bag and growing the fungus, stacking the hyphae in a regular triangle or # -shape, discharging the fungus in the open air when a small amount of ear buds are formed and the temperature is stable below 25 ℃, accelerating the fungus by natural illumination, and after the fungus grows out, performing conventional management until harvesting; one week before the outdoor discharge, 5-6 kg of abamectin organic fertilizer is spread per mu, rotary tillage and leveling are carried out, hay is laid, and a bamboo stick is used for supporting a fungus stick to be lifted off the ground;
s3, removing bags from the fungus sticks, crushing the fungus sticks to 200 meshes, uniformly mixing the fungus sticks with EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial liquid, coanda bacterium fermentation liquid and bacillus cereus fermentation liquid according to the mass volume ratio of 20:1:0.5:0.3, scattering 10-20 kg of fungus stick powder per mu in the field along with fine ploughing, and standing for one week to plant rice.
In this embodiment, in step S1, 100 parts by weight of rice straw is weighed, added with water until the water content is 52.5%, and mixed with 62.5 parts by weight of sawdust, 1.25 parts by weight of sucrose, 1.25 parts by weight of gypsum, 1 part by weight of β -oligo acid, and 0.45 part by weight of seaweed fertilizer, and then the mixture is uniformly stirred and bagged.
According to field tests, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can improve the black fungus by 20-30% and the rice yield by about 10%, shorten the black fungus emergence time by about 15d, and ensure the quality of the black fungus and the rice, and the black fungus has high and large sugar content.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, performing steam explosion treatment on the harvested rice straws, adding water until the water content is 50-55%, mixing with a proper amount of sawdust, sucrose, gypsum, beta-oligomeric acid and seaweed fertilizer, uniformly stirring, bagging, performing sterilization treatment, naturally cooling to 30 ℃, and inoculating;
s2, after inoculation, placing the seedlings in a field greenhouse, culturing the seedlings for 20d at the temperature of 22-28 ℃ and the humidity of 60-70% until hyphae grow to fill the whole bag, pricking holes, removing the bag and growing the fungus, stacking the fungus in a regular triangle or # -shape, performing open-air discharge when a small amount of ear buds are formed and the temperature is stable below 25 ℃, accelerating the fungus by natural illumination, and performing conventional management until the fungus grows out;
s3, removing bags from the fungus sticks, crushing, mixing with EM bacterial liquid, coanda bacterium fermentation liquid and waxy bacillus fermentation liquid, stirring uniformly, scattering in the field along with fine ploughing, and standing for a week to plant rice.
2. The planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, 100 parts of rice straw, 60-65 parts of sawdust, 1-1.5 parts of cane sugar, 1-1.5 parts of gypsum, 0.5-1.5 parts of beta-oligomeric acid and 0.3-0.6 parts of seaweed fertilizer.
3. The planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the rice straws are cut off and then placed in a steam explosion tank, nitrogen is firstly introduced until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 1.5-2.5 MPa, and the explosion treatment is carried out for 10-15 min; then, steam is rapidly introduced until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 2.5-5 MPa, the steam explosion treatment is carried out for 1-3 min, and water is added until the water content is 50-55%.
4. The planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, 5-6 kg of abamectin organic fertilizer is broadcast to each mu one week before the outdoor discharge, the rotary tillage and leveling are carried out, hay is laid, and the fungus sticks are supported by bamboo sticks to be lifted off the ground.
5. The planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the fungus sticks are unpacked and crushed into 200 meshes, and then the fungus sticks are uniformly mixed with EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial liquid, coanda bacterium fermentation liquid and waxy bacillus fermentation liquid according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 20:1:0.5: 0.3.
6. The planting method for black fungus and rice crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, 10-20 kg of fungus stick powder is scattered per mu.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114731904A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-12 | 桂林市农业科学研究中心 | Cultivation bag material for improving yield and quality of clitocybe maxima and preparation method thereof |
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