CN112760527B - High-pressure directional solidification material and method thereof - Google Patents
High-pressure directional solidification material and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-pressure directional solidification material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: heating and melting an aluminum block and a nickel block, uniformly mixing, cooling, cutting, grinding off cutting marks, cleaning and drying to obtain an Al-Ni alloy sample; assembling Al-Ni alloy samples into an assembly body and placing the assembly body in a pressure cavity of a hydraulic press, wherein pyrophyllite is filled between the assembly body and the inner wall of the pressure cavity, and the pyrophyllite and the assembly body jointly form an assembly block; pressurizing the assembly block to 1-3 GPa through a hydraulic press, and simultaneously heating the Al-Ni alloy sample to 800-1000 ℃ through a carbon heating body under the conductive action of elemental molybdenum after the conducting ring is electrified; keeping the temperature and pressure to realize the high-pressure directional solidification process of the Al-Ni alloy sample to obtain a reaction body; and (4) reducing the temperature of the reaction body to normal temperature, and then releasing the pressure to obtain the high-pressure directional solidification material. The invention researches the near directional solidification process of the alloy under the GPa grade condition, and has great significance for exploring and establishing some basic theories in the high-pressure solidification process and expanding the possibility of a preparation method of a new high-pressure solidification material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-equilibrium solidification, and particularly relates to a high-pressure directional solidification material and a method thereof.
Background
A casting process for establishing a directionally specific temperature gradient in a casting shell to cause solidification of a molten alloy in a desired crystallographic orientation in a direction opposite to heat flow. The most prominent achievement of directional solidification technology is its application in the aerospace industry. A temperature gradient exists during each solidification process. For alloys with a certain solidification range, a mushy zone, characterized by partial melting, inevitably results during cooling. Furthermore, the solidification microstructure (i.e. shape, size, composition) formed in the mushy zone determines to a large extent the final texture and properties of the material. And some basic theories in the solidification process are established based on the solidification behaviors of the directionally solidified mushy zone, such as solute redistribution theory, dendrite spacing theory and the like. Also for the research of the theory of ultra-high pressure solidification, it is necessary to explore the paste solidification under the action of ultra-high pressure.
Since 1965 pratt-huttney airlines in the united states adopted the high temperature alloy directional solidification technique, this technique has been used in many countries. The thin-wall hollow turbine blade with excellent thermal shock resistance, long fatigue life, good creep resistance and medium-temperature plasticity can be produced by adopting the directional solidification technology. By applying the technology, the service temperature of the turbine blade can be increased by 10-30%, and the inlet temperature of the turbine blade can be increased by 20-60%, so that the thrust and the reliability of the engine can be improved, and the service life of the engine can be prolonged. High pressure solidification is a solidification process performed in a high pressure environment created by high pressure gas or other methods. The solidification by high pressure means can increase the supercooling degree, improve the solidification rate, inhibit the growth, refine alloy grains and greatly improve the performance of the alloy. The research of combining the directional solidification and the high-pressure solidification is of great significance.
At present, the domestic six-sided high-temperature and high-pressure equipment can manufacture samples with larger sizes such as phi 20mm multiplied by 18mm, but the larger cavities of the equipment can cause uneven temperature and pressure distribution in the high-pressure solidification process of the samples, so that the establishment of a high-pressure solidification theory according to the microstructure of the prepared samples is not accurate. The establishment of the existing solidification theory is mostly based on a directional solidification means, so that a technical scheme for reasonably utilizing the characteristics of uneven high-pressure solidification pressure and temperature distribution and realizing near directional solidification under high pressure is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a high-pressure directional solidification material and a method thereof.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the first purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a high-pressure directional solidification material, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1: cleaning and drying an aluminum block and a nickel block, heating to melt the aluminum block and the nickel block, uniformly mixing the aluminum block and the nickel block, and cooling to obtain a sample; cutting and grinding a sample to remove a cutting mark, and cleaning and drying to obtain an Al-Ni alloy sample;
s2: assembling the Al-Ni alloy samples into an assembly body and placing the assembly body in a pressure cavity of a hydraulic press, wherein pyrophyllite is filled between the assembly body and the inner wall of the pressure cavity, and the pyrophyllite and the assembly body jointly form an assembly block;
the assembly body comprises an Al-Ni alloy sample, boron nitride powder, a carbon heating body, simple substance molybdenum, zirconium dioxide and a conducting ring; placing an Al-Ni alloy sample in a heating cavity of a carbon heating body, and filling boron nitride powder for avoiding direct contact with the carbon heating body between the Al-Ni alloy sample and the inner wall of the heating cavity; the side wall of the carbon heating body is provided with a vertical and through narrow slit, the upper surface and the lower surface of the carbon heating body are covered with a layer of simple substance molybdenum for dispersing pressure, and zirconium dioxide for heat preservation is attached and surrounded in the circumferential direction; the top and the bottom of the carbon heating body are respectively provided with a conducting ring;
s3: pressurizing the assembly block to 1-3 GPa through a hydraulic machine, wherein the pyrophyllite can conduct lateral pressure, so that the assembly body is uniformly pressed; meanwhile, after the conducting ring is electrified, the Al-Ni alloy sample is heated to 800-1000 ℃ by the carbon heating body under the conducting action of the simple substance molybdenum; keeping the temperature and pressure, forming a transverse temperature gradient on the Al-Ni alloy sample through the arrangement of the narrow slit, and completely reacting to realize the high-pressure directional solidification process of the Al-Ni alloy sample to obtain a reaction body;
s4: and cooling the reaction body to normal temperature, releasing the pressure, and taking out the Al-Ni alloy sample after reaction in the heating chamber to obtain the high-pressure directional solidification material.
Preferably, in the Al — Ni alloy sample of S1, the mass fraction of Ni is 1.5% or 8.84%.
Preferably, in the S1, the purities of the aluminum block and the nickel block are both 99.99%; firstly, completely melting the aluminum block, then adding the nickel block to melt the aluminum block and mixing the nickel block and the nickel block.
Preferably, in the step S1, the sample is a round bar with a diameter of 20 × 18mm, the sample is heated at 900 ℃, and the cut mark of the sample is ground by using 500-mesh sand paper.
Preferably, in S2, the hydraulic press is a cubic hydraulic press.
Preferably, in S2, the carbon heating body has a cylindrical structure, and a narrow slit formed in the carbon heating body has a width of 2 mm.
Preferably, in S2, the pyrophyllite is dried at 200 deg.C for 4h before use, and then stored at 100 deg.C.
Preferably, in S3, the holding time is 1 h.
Preferably, in S4, the temperature of the reaction body is lowered by cooling water.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a high pressure directional solidification material obtained by any one of the above-mentioned preparation methods.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention reasonably utilizes the characteristics of the large cavity, changes the structure of the heating body and realizes the directional solidification under the action of high pressure;
(2) the pasty zone prepared by the invention has great significance for establishing a new solidification theory under the high-pressure condition;
(3) the invention increases the solid solubility of the matrix alloy elements in the Al-based composite material under the condition of high GPa level and can improve the mechanical property of the material by increasing the solid solubility.
(4) The directional solidification material prepared by the method has huge application potential in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, military industry and the like.
(5) The GPa grade high pressure adopted by the invention can improve the solid solubility of alloy elements in a metastable state structure, increase the nucleation supercooling degree and inhibit the growth of refined grains.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an assembly structure of an Al-Ni alloy sample in a pressure chamber in the invention, wherein (a) is a schematic sectional view of the assembly structure, and (b) is a schematic plan view of the assembly structure and a schematic macro-structure of a high-pressure directional solidification material;
FIG. 2 shows high pressure directionally solidified materials obtained under different pressures for hypoeutectic Al-1.5% Ni alloy in example 1; wherein a) b) c1) c2) c3) are high-pressure directional solidification materials obtained under the pressurization condition of 1GPa, and c1) c2) c3) are partial enlarged images of the pasty regions in a) and b); d) e) f1) f2) f3) are high-pressure directional solidification materials obtained under the pressurization condition of 3GPa, and f1) f2) f3) are partial enlarged images of the mushy zone in d) and e);
FIG. 3 is a high pressure directionally solidified material from the hypereutectic Al-8.84% Ni alloy of example 2 at different pressures; wherein a) and b) are high-pressure directionally solidified materials obtained under the pressurization condition of 1GPa, and c) and d) are high-pressure directionally solidified materials obtained under the pressurization condition of 3 GPa;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of the hypereutectic Al-8.84% Ni alloy of the comparative example after complete solidification at a pressure of 1 GPa.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-pressure directional solidification material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing an appropriate amount of aluminum blocks (Al) and nickel blocks (Ni) with the purity of 99.99 percent, and cleaning and drying the aluminum blocks (Al) and the nickel blocks (Ni) for later use. Heating to 900 ℃ in a resistance furnace, putting the aluminum block into the resistance furnace to be completely melted, adding the nickel block to be melted, simultaneously uniformly mixing the melted aluminum block and the melted nickel block, and cooling to obtain a sample. Cutting the sample into round bars with the diameter of 20 multiplied by 18mm, grinding off the cutting marks of the sample by using 500-mesh sand paper, and cleaning and drying to obtain the Al-Ni alloy sample. In this embodiment, in order to improve the effect of the high-pressure directionally solidified material obtained subsequently, the mass ratio of the aluminum block to the nickel block in the melting and mixing process may be adjusted to keep the mass fraction of Ni in the obtained Al — Ni alloy sample at 1.5% or 8.84%.
S2: assembling Al-Ni alloy samples into an assembly body, placing the assembly body into a pressure cavity (namely a hammer head part) of a hydraulic press, completely filling a gap between the assembly body and the inner wall of the pressure cavity through pyrophyllite, and forming an assembly block by the pyrophyllite and the assembly body together. The assembly body comprises an Al-Ni alloy sample, boron nitride powder, a carbon heating body, simple substance molybdenum, zirconium dioxide and a conducting ring. As shown in fig. 1, the following are specific:
the Al-Ni alloy sample is placed in a heating cavity of the carbon heating body, boron nitride powder is filled between the Al-Ni alloy sample and the inner wall of the heating cavity, and the boron nitride powder can form an isolation layer to isolate the Al-Ni alloy sample from the carbon heating body, so that the Al-Ni alloy sample is prevented from being in direct contact with the carbon heating body, and the inner wall of the carbon heating body is prevented from being polluted in the reaction process of the Al-Ni alloy sample. The carbon heating body is of a cylindrical structure, a vertical and through narrow slit (such as 2mm) is formed in the side wall of the carbon heating body, and the narrow slit can be used for enabling the Al-Ni alloy sample to form a transverse temperature gradient, namely a melting zone (liquid), a mushy zone (mushy) and an unmelted zone (solid) are sequentially formed from far to near from the narrow slit, so that the high-pressure directional solidification of the Al-Ni alloy sample is realized. The upper surface and the lower surface of the carbon heating body are covered with a layer of simple substance molybdenum, and the simple substance molybdenum has excellent strength, so that the pressure action applied to the upper surface and the lower surface of the carbon heating body can be dispersed, and further, an Al-Ni alloy sample is uniformly pressed. The zirconium dioxide material is attached to the periphery of the carbon heating body in a surrounding mode, and the zirconium dioxide can be used for heat preservation of the Al-Ni alloy sample and slowing down heat loss so that the reaction of the Al-Ni alloy sample in the high-pressure directional solidification process is complete. And conductive rings are respectively assembled at the top and the bottom of the carbon heating body to heat the carbon heating body.
In this embodiment, the hydraulic machine is a cubic hydraulic machine. The pyrophyllite is dried at 200 deg.C for 4h before use, and then stored at constant temperature of 100 deg.C for subsequent use.
S3: and pressurizing the assembly block to 1-3 GPa through a hydraulic press. In the pressurizing process, because the gap between the assembly body and the inner wall of the pressure cavity is completely filled by the pyrophyllite, when the hydraulic press applies pressure to the assembly block from top to bottom, the transverse deformation is extremely small, and the pyrophyllite conducts lateral pressure, so that the assembly body is uniformly pressurized. Meanwhile, after the conducting ring is electrified, the Al-Ni alloy sample is heated to 800-1000 ℃ by the carbon heating body under the conducting action of the simple substance molybdenum. And (2) heat preservation and pressure maintaining, wherein a transverse temperature gradient is formed on the Al-Ni alloy sample through the arrangement of a narrow slit on the carbon heating body, a melting zone (liquid), a mushy zone (mushy) and an unmelted zone (solid) are sequentially formed from far to near from the narrow slit, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 1h to completely react the Al-Ni alloy sample, so that the high-pressure directional solidification process of the Al-Ni alloy sample is realized, and a reactant is obtained.
S4: and cooling the reaction body to normal temperature through cooling water, releasing the pressure, and taking out the Al-Ni alloy sample after reaction in the heating chamber to obtain the high-pressure directional solidification material.
Example 1
In this example, high pressure directionally solidified materials were prepared at different pressures. In this example, the rated power of the resistance furnace was 7.5kW, and with a 20# graphite crucible, the raw materials were 99.99 wt.% Al and 99.99 wt.% Ni. The specific method for preparing the high-pressure directional solidification material is as follows:
(1) 1970g of Al block and 30g of Ni block were weighed, washed and dried for use.
(2) Preheating a No. 20 graphite crucible, putting the Al block prepared in the step (1), and putting the Ni block prepared in the step (1) after the Al block is completely melted.
(3) And (3) preserving the temperature of the mixture in the step (2) at 900 ℃ until the mixture is completely melted, and uniformly mixing.
(4) And (4) after the temperature of the mixed melt in the step (3) is reduced to be close to the melting point, pouring the mixed melt into a preheated cast iron mold, and taking out the casting after cooling to room temperature.
(5) And (4) cutting the casting in the step (4) into round bars with the diameter of 20X 18 mm.
(6) And (3) grinding the round bar obtained in the step (5) to remove a cutting mark, cleaning and drying to obtain an Al-Ni alloy sample (namely, in the Al-Ni alloy sample, the mass fraction of Ni is 1.5% of hypoeutectic Al-1.5% Ni alloy). And then, pretreating all the test materials such as pyrophyllite and the like which are needed to be used subsequently, and drying the pretreated test materials in a blast drying oven for later use.
(7) Assembling the dried sample and the assembling material obtained in the step (6) according to the figure 1, wherein the assembled assembling structure is as follows:
assembling Al-Ni alloy samples into an assembly body and placing the assembly body in a pressure cavity of a hydraulic press, wherein pyrophyllite is filled between the assembly body and the inner wall of the pressure cavity, and the pyrophyllite and the assembly body jointly form an assembly block. The assembly body comprises an Al-Ni alloy sample, boron nitride powder, a carbon heating body, simple substance molybdenum, zirconium dioxide and a conducting ring. The Al-Ni alloy sample is placed in a heating cavity of the carbon heating body, and boron nitride powder for avoiding direct contact with the carbon heating body is filled between the Al-Ni alloy sample and the inner wall of the heating cavity. Vertical and through narrow slits are formed in the side wall of the carbon heating body, a layer of simple substance molybdenum for dispersing pressure covers the upper surface and the lower surface of the carbon heating body, and zirconium dioxide for heat preservation is attached and surrounded in the circumferential direction. The top and the bottom of the carbon heating body are respectively provided with a conducting ring.
(8) And (3) pressurizing the assembly block obtained in the step (7) to 1-3 GPa by using a cubic hydraulic press, and simultaneously heating the Al-Ni alloy sample to 1000 ℃ by the carbon heating body under the conductive action of simple substance molybdenum after the conductive ring is electrified. And (4) preserving heat and pressure, and realizing the high-pressure directional solidification process of the Al-Ni alloy sample to obtain a reaction body.
(9) And (4) when the temperature of the reaction body in the step (8) is reduced to 25 ℃ through cooling water, releasing the pressure, stopping adding the cooling water, taking out the Al-Ni alloy sample after reaction in the heating chamber, and obtaining the high-pressure directional solidification material.
FIG. 2 is an interface macrostructure (i.e., a high pressure directionally solidified material) of a hypoeutectic Al-1.5% Ni alloy solidified under different pressures. The pressure parameters during the experiment were set to 1Gpa and 3Gpa, respectively. And the maximum temperature of two experiments in the heat preservation and pressure maintaining stage is ensured to be the same, so that the temperature gradients on the solidification interface tend to be consistent under different pressures. Analysis of the experimental results shows that each sample can be divided into three regions along the growth direction: unmelted zone (solid) → mushy zone (mushy) → molten zone (liquid). This is due to the presence of a transverse temperature gradient at the solidification interface, which results in a relatively wide mushy zone consisting of the alpha phase and the liquid phase containing 2 morphologies of isolated intra-granular droplets and relatively wide inter-granular liquid channels, with a transverse (i.e. transverse channel) and longitudinal (i.e. longitudinal channel) distribution of the intergranular quench liquid along the growth direction.
Example 2
In this example, high pressure directionally solidified materials were prepared at different pressures. In this example, the rated power of the resistance furnace was 7.5kW, and with a 20# graphite crucible, the raw materials were 99.99 wt.% Al and 99.99 wt.% Ni. The specific method for preparing the high-pressure directional solidification material is as follows:
(1) 1823.2g of Al block and 176.8g of Ni block were weighed, washed and dried for use.
(2) Preheating a No. 20 graphite crucible, putting the Al block prepared in the step (1), and putting the Ni block prepared in the step (1) after the Al block is completely melted.
(3) And (3) preserving the temperature of the mixture in the step (2) at 1000 ℃ until the mixture is completely melted, and uniformly mixing.
(4) And (4) after the temperature of the mixed melt in the step (3) is reduced to be close to the melting point, pouring the mixed melt into a preheated cast iron mold, and taking out the casting after cooling to room temperature.
(5) And (4) cutting the casting in the step (4) into round bars with the diameter of 20X 18 mm.
(6) And (4) grinding the round bar obtained in the step (5) to remove a cutting mark, cleaning and drying to obtain an Al-Ni alloy sample (namely, in the Al-Ni alloy sample, hypereutectic Al-8.84% Ni alloy with the mass fraction of Ni of 8.84%). And then, pretreating all the test materials such as pyrophyllite and the like which are needed to be used subsequently, and drying the pretreated test materials in a blast drying oven for later use.
(7) Assembling the dried sample and the assembling material obtained in the step (6) according to the figure 1, wherein the assembled assembling structure is as follows:
assembling Al-Ni alloy samples into an assembly body and placing the assembly body in a pressure cavity of a hydraulic press, wherein pyrophyllite is filled between the assembly body and the inner wall of the pressure cavity, and the pyrophyllite and the assembly body jointly form an assembly block. The assembly body comprises an Al-Ni alloy sample, boron nitride powder, a carbon heating body, simple substance molybdenum, zirconium dioxide and a conducting ring. The Al-Ni alloy sample is placed in a heating cavity of the carbon heating body, and boron nitride powder for avoiding direct contact with the carbon heating body is filled between the Al-Ni alloy sample and the inner wall of the heating cavity. Vertical and through narrow slits are formed in the side wall of the carbon heating body, a layer of simple substance molybdenum for dispersing pressure covers the upper surface and the lower surface of the carbon heating body, and zirconium dioxide for heat preservation is attached and surrounded in the circumferential direction. The top and the bottom of the carbon heating body are respectively provided with a conducting ring.
(8) And (3) pressurizing the assembly block obtained in the step (7) to 1-3 GPa by using a cubic hydraulic press, and simultaneously heating the Al-Ni alloy sample to 1000 ℃ by the carbon heating body under the conductive action of simple substance molybdenum after the conductive ring is electrified. And (4) preserving heat and pressure, and realizing the high-pressure directional solidification process of the Al-Ni alloy sample to obtain a reaction body.
(9) And (4) when the temperature of the reaction body in the step (8) is reduced to 25 ℃ through cooling water, releasing the pressure, stopping adding the cooling water, taking out the Al-Ni alloy sample after reaction in the heating chamber, and obtaining the high-pressure directional solidification material.
FIG. 3 shows the microstructure of a hypereutectic Al-8.84% Ni alloy after solidification under different pressure conditions and a certain temperature gradient. The results are similar to those of the high pressure directionally solidified material obtained from the hypoeutectic Al — Ni alloy of fig. 2, and it can be seen that after solidification at 1GPa and 3GPa, the sample can be divided into a molten zone (liquid), a mushy zone (mushy), and an unmelted zone (solid) across the solidification interface. The melting zone is developed columnar dendritic crystal structure, the mushy zone is discontinuous reticular hypoeutectic structure, and the unmelted zone is typical hypereutectic structure.
Comparative example
The raw materials and the method adopted in the embodiment are the same as those adopted in the embodiment 2, except that the carbon heating body adopted in the embodiment is not provided with a narrow slit, and the prepared material is shown in fig. 4, and as can be seen from the figure, the material has a uniform structure, is similar to an unmelted region in a high-pressure near-directional solidification structure in fig. 3, and cannot form high-pressure directional solidification, so that the high-pressure near-directional solidification can be realized only through the narrow slit on the carbon heating body, and the structure form of the alloy can be greatly influenced.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high-pressure directional solidification material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
s1: cleaning and drying an aluminum block and a nickel block, heating to melt the aluminum block and the nickel block, uniformly mixing the aluminum block and the nickel block, and cooling to obtain a sample; cutting and grinding a sample to remove a cutting mark, and cleaning and drying to obtain an Al-Ni alloy sample;
s2: assembling the Al-Ni alloy samples into an assembly body and placing the assembly body in a pressure cavity of a hydraulic press, wherein pyrophyllite is filled between the assembly body and the inner wall of the pressure cavity, and the pyrophyllite and the assembly body jointly form an assembly block;
the assembly body comprises an Al-Ni alloy sample, boron nitride powder, a carbon heating body, simple substance molybdenum, zirconium dioxide and a conducting ring; placing an Al-Ni alloy sample in a heating cavity of a carbon heating body, and filling boron nitride powder for avoiding direct contact with the carbon heating body between the Al-Ni alloy sample and the inner wall of the heating cavity; the side wall of the carbon heating body is provided with a vertical and through narrow slit, the upper surface and the lower surface of the carbon heating body are covered with a layer of simple substance molybdenum for dispersing pressure, and zirconium dioxide for heat preservation is attached and surrounded in the circumferential direction; the top and the bottom of the carbon heating body are respectively provided with a conducting ring;
s3: pressurizing the assembly block to 1-3 GPa through a hydraulic machine, wherein the pyrophyllite can conduct lateral pressure, so that the assembly body is uniformly pressed; meanwhile, after the conducting ring is electrified, the Al-Ni alloy sample is heated to 800-1000 ℃ by the carbon heating body under the conducting action of the simple substance molybdenum; keeping the temperature and pressure, forming a transverse temperature gradient on the Al-Ni alloy sample through the arrangement of the narrow slit, and completely reacting to realize the high-pressure directional solidification process of the Al-Ni alloy sample to obtain a reaction body;
s4: and cooling the reaction body to normal temperature, releasing the pressure, and taking out the Al-Ni alloy sample after reaction in the heating chamber to obtain the high-pressure directional solidification material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of Ni in the Al — Ni alloy sample of S1 is 1.5% or 8.84%.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the S1, the purities of the aluminum block and the nickel block are both 99.99%; firstly, completely melting the aluminum block, then adding the nickel block to melt the aluminum block and mixing the nickel block and the nickel block.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the sample is a round bar with a diameter of 20X 18mm, the sample is heated at 900 ℃ and the cut mark of the sample is ground by using 500-mesh sandpaper.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the hydraulic press is a cubic hydraulic press.
6. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the carbon heater has a cylindrical structure, and a narrow slit having a width of 2mm is formed therein.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the pyrophyllite is dried at 200 ℃ for 4h before use, and then stored at 100 ℃ at constant temperature.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the holding time in S3 is 1 h.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the reaction product in S4 is lowered with cooling water.
10. A high-pressure directional solidification material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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