CN102994784A - Method for phase structure in refined hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by strong magnetic field composited with alterant - Google Patents
Method for phase structure in refined hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by strong magnetic field composited with alterant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for phase structure in refined hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by a strong magnetic field composited with an alterant. Growth of a Si phase in the alloy is inhibited and size and shape of primary silicon and hypereutectic silicon particles are reduced and improved due to a compositing effect of the strong magnetic field and the alterant to reach the goal of grain refinement and good component uniformity. A reaction device for phase structure in the refined hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by the strong magnetic field composited with the alterant consists of a water jacket 1, a superconducting magnet 2, a casting ladle 3, an injection punch 4, a pressure chamber 5, a liquid alloy 6, a stationary mould 7, a moveable mould 8, a nozzle 9, a mould cavity 10 and a return punch 11. The method can be combined with processes of setting of pressure casting, metal mould gravity casting, Cosworth casting, evanescent mode casting, precise sand mould gravity casting, low pressure casting and melt-spinning casting, so that a high aluminum-silicon alloy cylinder sleeve material of an engine cylinder block in excellent performance can be prepared.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of in the transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy process of setting by applying the method for primary silicon and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys in high-intensity magnetic field and the alterant thinning solidification structure, belong to the field of solidifying, wherein include the device of this kind of preparation alloy.
Background technology
Enter 21 century, progress along with society, manufacturing develop rapidly, under the requirement of energy-conservation, material-saving, the material that various component adopt is again further towards the lightweight future development, alleviating deadweight, raising power-mass ratio as prerequisite, thereby reach at a high speed, the purpose of efficient, energy-conservation and pollution abatement.Particularly in recent years along with automobile industry constantly develops, the raising of people's living standard and Environmental awareness alleviates the concern that car body weight and environmental contamination reduction have caused people gradually, and is paid attention to by people.
Owing to have high-strength, lightweight, high abrasion high heat resistance, lower thermal expansivity and good castability and welding property, transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy (13～50% silicon, all the other are aluminium) can well replace traditional ferrous materials, become the preferred material of automobile engine cylinder-body, piston element, to satisfy the target of vehicle energy saving consumption reduction.But, owing to usually have thick primary silicon and the thick Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys of five lobe starriness, en plaque, octahedron and other complex topography in the transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy for preparing under the normal condition, these are distributed in thicker primary silicon and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys in the alloy substrate, under external force, easily cause stress raisers and cracked, significantly reduce the toughness of alloy material, hindered the application of the Engine Industry of transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy material.In addition, because primary silicon and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys thick in the alloy are hard and crisp, in mechanical processing process, will accelerate the wearing and tearing of cutter, and affect the surface finish of component after the machining, and along with this problem performance of raising of silicone content is more outstanding, therefore in automotive industry, the engine cylinder-body material does not still adopt extensive transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy material.
For the primary silicon in the refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy material and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys tissue, put forward heavy alloyed mechanical property, at present the main methods such as spray up n., alterant processing, Semi-solid Stirring, rapid solidification, electricimpulse processing that adopt.Adopt the spray up n. technology, can prepare silicone content and reach 50% hypereutectic high-seleium aluminium alloy, and the primary silicon particle size can refine to 5-10um, but the cost of spray up n. technology is very high, production efficiency is low, and the part that is difficult to the moulding complexity, simultaneously its compactness is not high yet, therefore adopts the silumin product of spray up n. preparation still not have a market competitiveness; Adding alterant comes the method for refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy solidified structure in industrial widespread use, but on the one hand alterant can only refinement Si content less than 30% Al-Si alloy, and the refinement size is restricted, generally the size of primary silicon particle can only be refine to 30-50um, and silumin is used for automobile engine cylinder-body material, piston material, best primary silicon is of a size of 5-20um, and the silumin that therefore adopts alterant to process still can only be applied in the lower occasion of requirement; Semi-solid state stirring is owing to be difficult to make whole ingot casting to reach uniform stirring, thereby so that at each regional thinning effect More different, and there is segregation in ingot casting, the method also is difficult to be applied to the component of complex construction simultaneously; The method of rapid solidification can obtain the very tiny primary silicon tissue of crystal grain, but its maximum problem is that the raising of speed of cooling must be to sacrifice casting dimension as cost, foundry goods for intricate casting and common size does not all possess adaptability, and the industrial application cost is higher; Electricimpulse is processed has the effect of certain refinement primary silicon in transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy solidifies, still, its degree of refinement is still limited, and can't act on whole casting region.This shows that the primary silicon tissue in the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy casting and the size control of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys tissue still lack effective means at present.
Summary of the invention
In view of some problems that exist in the present all kinds of preparation transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy methods, the present invention aims to provide a kind of high-intensity magnetic field and alterant of applying in the transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy process of setting, reach the method and apparatus of phase constitution in the refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy by its complex effect.
For reaching above-mentioned requirements, the present invention conceives as follows:
The present invention finishes control to such alloy graining process by the compound action of high-intensity magnetic field and alterant.At first, in the transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy process of setting, add alterant, on the one hand, the adding of alterant can form certain high melting compound, its crystalline structure is similar to primary silicon with lattice parameter, can be used as the heterogeneous nuclei of primary silicon, and the increase of nucleus number is so that primary silicon obtains refinement; On the other hand, the alterant element that is adsorbed on the primary silicon growth surface has effectively suppressed the twin groove growth mechanism (TPRE) of primary silicon, and the surface energy of primary silicon crystal and the solid/liquid interfaces energy in primary silicon crystal interface forward position have been changed, thereby can well crystal grain thinning, improve the primary silicon pattern.In addition, in the transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy melt, add in the alterant, apply a strong static magnetic field.Because strong static magnetic field is the very high energy field of a kind of energy density, therefore, strong static magnetic field apply the uphill diffusion speed that can suppress silicon in the transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy process of setting, thereby can suppress growing up of primary silicon phase and eutectic silicon in the alloy melt; On the other hand, utilize high-intensity magnetic field to the restraining effect of second phase particles motion in the conductive melt, and to the effect that conductive melt flows and brakes, not only can suppress the come-up of primary silicon phase in the melt, can also slow down the collision coalescence of primary silicon phase and grow up.Applying of strong static magnetic field also will affect the symbiosis process of α aluminium phase.Therefore, by the compound action of high-intensity magnetic field and alterant, primary silicon and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys size during just significantly the refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy solidifies significantly reduce component segregation, and then significantly promote toughness and the mechanical property of alloy.
The present invention adopts following technical proposals:
Adopting commercial-purity aluminium and silicon metal is raw material, melt and join according to putting into crucible after certain mass percent weighing, after it dissolves fully, it is rotten to add alterant, leaving standstill for some time fully reacts it, aluminium alloy after rotten is poured into the pressure die-casting machine die casting that transfer mold places the high magnetic field area of superconducting magnet in advance, and complete assembly is called high-intensity magnetic field compound modifier refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy phase constitution reaction unit.
High-intensity magnetic field compound modifier refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy phase constitution reaction unit by water jacket, superconducting magnet, casting ladle, injection punch head, pressure chamber, liquid alloy, typing, ejector half, nozzle, die cavity, instead expect that drift forms.The magnetic induction density of superconducting magnet can be in the 0.1-20Tesla range; The room temperature bore of superconducting magnet is 50mm-800mm; The high-intensity magnetic field that applies also can adopt electro-magnet technology or bit technology or hybrid magnet technology to produce.The transfer mold of pressure die-casting machine is placed the high magnetic field area of superconducting magnet, need guarantee that the even strong zone centerline of die cavity center and high-intensity magnetic field overlaps, high-intensity magnetic field is produced by superconductor technology, and the adjusting field generator for magnetic makes magnetic induction density between 0.1-20T; Join being equipped with to melt by the silicon metal of certain mass proportional distribution and commercial-purity aluminium, temperature is controlled between 700-750 ℃, and it is rotten to melt rear adding alterant fully until it, leaves standstill 20min and makes the alterant complete reaction; Aluminium alloy after rotten is poured into pressure chamber in the pressure die-casting machine by casting ladle, pouring into the anti-material drift that the aluminium alloy of pressing in the chamber sealed nozzle bore holds, when injection punch head is pressed downwardly onto the alloy liquid level, instead expect that drift begins to descend and open nozzle that aluminium alloy is pressed into die cavity; After solidifying, close superconducting magnet, injection punch head is return, and instead expects that drift rises, and cuts off clout, and it is ejected presses the chamber, after clout is taken away, instead expects that drift drops to original position again, and then the transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy die casting is taken out in die sinking.
Among the present invention, alterant can be the composite inoculating of phosphorus (red phosphorus) and rare earth RE, also can be the composite inoculating of phosphorous master alloy and rare earth RE, can also be the composite inoculating of microcosmic salt and rare earth RE; The magnetic field that superconducting magnet produces can be uniform magnetic field, also can be gradient magnetic; Transfer mold can be made by nonmagnetic stainless material, also can be made by the nonmagnetic steel material; The die casting mode can adopt semi-solid state die casting, also can adopt evacuated die-casting process, can also adopt the inflation die-casting technique; The present invention had both gone for hypoeutectic al-si alloy, cocrystallized Al-Si alloy, transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy, the control that also is applicable to magnesium alloy, copper alloy, zinc alloy, nickelalloy and Castingother or forges class alloy series phase constitution; In this simultaneously, high-intensity magnetic field compound modifier refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy phase constitution reaction unit both can be combined with the process of setting of pressure die casting, can also with metal mold gravity casting, Cosworth(Cowes Butterworth) method casting, lost foam casting, accurately sand mold gravitational casting, low-pressure casting and the process of setting that gets rid of the band casting are combined, thereby can prepare silumin engine piston, cylinder body and cylinder sleeve and other high-strength wearable component materials.
The present invention prepares transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy by the high-intensity magnetic field compound modifier, and the technology of preparing than existing transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy has following evident characteristic and advantage:
1, the adding of alterant can form certain high melting compound, its crystalline structure is similar to primary silicon, lattice parameter and primary silicon are close, therefore can be used as the core of the heterogeneous forming core of primary silicon, and the increase of nucleus number is so that primary silicon obtains refinement;
2, the alterant element that is adsorbed on the Si phase surface has suppressed the twin groove growth mechanism (TPRE) of Si phase effectively, and changed the surface energy of Si phase and the solid/liquid interfaces energy in Si phase interface forward position, therefore can well improve size and the pattern of primary silicon and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys;
3, strong static magnetic field apply the uphill diffusion speed that can suppress silicon in the transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy process of setting, thereby can suppress growing up of primary silicon phase and eutectic silicon in the alloy melt;
4, utilize high-intensity magnetic field to the restraining effect of second phase particles motion in the conductive melt, and to the effect that conductive melt flows and brakes, not only can suppress the come-up of primary silicon phase in the melt, can also slow down the collision coalescence of primary silicon phase and grow up;
5, the compound action of high-intensity magnetic field and alterant also acts on Matrix Solution in refinement primary silicon and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, affects the symbiosis process of α aluminium phase, and the solidified structure of refinement matrix is so that alloy property further improves;
6, aluminium alloy solidifies under the metal mold inner high voltage, and speed of cooling is fast, the dense structure of foundry goods, and crystal grain is tiny, and precision is high, and surface quality is good, and the mechanical property ratio sand mold casting improves 25-30%, and can cast out complex-shaped thin-section casting;
7, the alterant that uses is compound modifier among the present invention, in refinement primary silicon and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, also has good lasting modification effects and remelting;
8, because the generating unit of high-intensity magnetic field has adopted superconducting coil, even the current consumption when therefore producing up to 14T magnetic induction density is also very little, therefore device involved in the present invention has the low characteristic of energy consumption.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is high-intensity magnetic field compound modifier refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy phase constitution reaction unit figure
Specific embodiment:
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is: referring to accompanying drawing 1.
Adopt the Al-20wt%Si alloy, as the method for high-intensity magnetic field compound modifier refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy phase constitution and the embodiment alloy of device, the alloy total volume is 2kg, and the Al-20wt%Si alloy adopts commercial-purity aluminium and silicon metal melt to join, and adds alterant in the process and go bad in molten joining.
The present invention realizes by high-intensity magnetic field compound modifier refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy phase constitution reaction unit.Referring to Fig. 1, high-intensity magnetic field compound modifier refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy phase constitution reaction unit by water jacket 1, superconducting magnet 2, casting ladle 3, injection punch head 4, press chamber 5, liquid alloy 6, typing 7, ejector half 8, nozzle 9, die cavity 10, instead expect that drift 11 forms.The transfer mold of pressure die-casting machine is placed superconducting magnet 2, passes into water coolant for the water jacket 1 of superconducting magnet 2, regulate superconducting magnet 2 so that magnetic induction density is 10T, the magnetic line of force direction be level to the right; Be that silicon metal and the commercial-purity aluminium of 2kg joined for the ratio of 4:1 melts in mass ratio with total volume, molten to join temperature be 750 ℃, after it melts fully, adds alterant and go bad, and liquid alloy 6 is left standstill insulation 20min, makes the alterant complete reaction; Pour into liquid alloy 6 in the pressure chamber 5 of pressure die-casting machine by casting ladle 3, pouring into the anti-material drift 11 that the liquid alloy 6 of pressing in the chamber 5 sealed nozzle 9 holds, when injection punch head 4 is pressed downwardly onto the liquid level of liquid alloy 6, anti-material drift 11 begins to descend and opens nozzle 9, and liquid alloy 6 is pressed into die cavity 10; After solidifying, close superconducting magnet 2, injection punch head 4 is return, anti-material drift 11 rises, and cuts off clout, and it is ejected pressure chamber 5, after clout is taken away, anti-material drift 11 drops to original position again, and then die casting is taken out in die sinking, can obtain the remarkable refinement of primary silicon phase and eutectic silicon and equally distributed transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy.
Claims (9)
1. the method for phase constitution in the high-intensity magnetic field compound modifier refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy, it is characterized in that in alloy graining process the compound action by high-intensity magnetic field and alterant, the Si phase grows up in the inhibition alloy, reduce and improve grain size and the pattern of primary silicon and Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, thereby realize the grain refining homogeneous chemical composition.
2. described method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described high-intensity magnetic field compound modifier refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy phase constitution reaction unit by water jacket (1), superconducting magnet (2), casting ladle (3), injection punch head (4), press chamber (5), liquid alloy (6), typing (7), ejector half (8), nozzle (9), die cavity (10), instead expect that drift (11) forms.
3. described method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the high-intensity magnetic field of magnetic field for adopting superconductor technology to produce that apply, and its magnetic induction density can be in the 0.1-20T range; The room temperature bore of superconducting magnet is 50-800mm; The high-intensity magnetic field that applies also can adopt electro-magnet technology or bit technology or hybrid magnet technology to produce.
4. described method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the alterant that applies is the composite inoculating of phosphorus and rare earth RE, or the composite inoculating of phosphorous master alloy and rare earth RE, or the composite inoculating of microcosmic salt and rare earth RE.
5. described method according to claim 1 is characterized in that being applicable to hypoeutectic al-si alloy or cocrystallized Al-Si alloy or transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy, perhaps is applicable to the control of magnesium alloy or copper alloy or zinc alloy or nickelalloy phase constitution.
6. described method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the magnetic field that superconducting magnet 2 produces is uniform magnetic field, or gradient magnetic.
7. described method according to claim 1, transfer mold is made by nonmagnetic stainless material, is perhaps made by the nonmagnetic steel material.
8. described method according to claim 1, the mode of die casting adopts semi-solid state die casting, perhaps adopts evacuated die-casting process, perhaps adopts the inflation die-casting technique.
9. described method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that high-intensity magnetic field compound modifier refinement transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy phase constitution reaction unit is combined with the process of setting of pressure die casting, perhaps with metal mold gravity casting or the casting of Cowes Butterworth method or lost foam casting or accurately sand mold gravitational casting or low-pressure casting and the process of setting that gets rid of the band casting are combined.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN103736946A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-23 | 上海交通大学 | Method for manufacturing high-purity metal and alloy cast ingot with completely-equiaxed grain structure |
| CN104785746A (en) * | 2015-03-28 | 2015-07-22 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Powder injection argon blowing pressure casting technology |
| CN106077576A (en) * | 2016-07-31 | 2016-11-09 | 付晓明 | Automotive hub casting mold |
| CN107058816A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-08-18 | 沈阳工业大学 | A kind of semi-solid-state shaping hypereutectic Al Si alloys and preparation method thereof |
| CN107687375A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2018-02-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Two stroke Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine cylinders cover inner wall laser micro forming structure |
| CN110273087A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-24 | 昆明理工大学 | Regulate and control the method for hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy casting overall performance |
| CN110450510A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-15 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of silumin electronic package materials |
| CN112496293A (en) * | 2019-09-14 | 2021-03-16 | 加特可株式会社 | Casting device |
| CN113390760A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-14 | 上海大学 | Method for measuring alloy solid-liquid interface energy under strong magnetic field |
| CN114406237A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-29 | 龙岩市壹荣铸造有限公司 | Container corner fitting metal mold and pouring process thereof |
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| CN103736946B (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2016-02-10 | 上海交通大学 | There is high pure metal and the alloy cast ingot manufacture method of complete equi-axed crystal tissue |
| CN103736946A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-23 | 上海交通大学 | Method for manufacturing high-purity metal and alloy cast ingot with completely-equiaxed grain structure |
| CN104785746A (en) * | 2015-03-28 | 2015-07-22 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Powder injection argon blowing pressure casting technology |
| CN106077576A (en) * | 2016-07-31 | 2016-11-09 | 付晓明 | Automotive hub casting mold |
| CN107058816A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-08-18 | 沈阳工业大学 | A kind of semi-solid-state shaping hypereutectic Al Si alloys and preparation method thereof |
| CN107687375B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2020-05-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for designing laser micro-modeling structure of inner wall of engine cylinder sleeve |
| CN107687375A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2018-02-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Two stroke Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine cylinders cover inner wall laser micro forming structure |
| CN110273087A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-24 | 昆明理工大学 | Regulate and control the method for hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy casting overall performance |
| CN110450510A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-15 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of silumin electronic package materials |
| CN112496293A (en) * | 2019-09-14 | 2021-03-16 | 加特可株式会社 | Casting device |
| CN112496293B (en) * | 2019-09-14 | 2022-04-26 | 加特可株式会社 | Casting device |
| CN113390760A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-14 | 上海大学 | Method for measuring alloy solid-liquid interface energy under strong magnetic field |
| CN113390760B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-08-30 | 上海大学 | Method for measuring alloy solid-liquid interface energy under strong magnetic field |
| CN114406237A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-29 | 龙岩市壹荣铸造有限公司 | Container corner fitting metal mold and pouring process thereof |
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