CN112724530A - 一种采用多级吸附法制备低voc、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的方法及装置 - Google Patents
一种采用多级吸附法制备低voc、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种采用多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的方法及装置,属于高分子材料技术领域。该方法具体为:将用于制备所述聚丙烯复合材料的各组分混匀后,加入挤出机,挤出后冷却固化、干燥即可,在所述挤出机中塑化时依次通过吸附剂A、吸附剂B和吸附剂C逐级吸附,所述吸附剂A的孔径>所述吸附剂B的孔径>所述吸附剂C的孔径。采用多级吸附法,不仅吸附效果好,而且用量小,对基体材料性能的影响小,适用范围广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种采用多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的方法及装置。
背景技术
高分子材料(塑料、橡胶等)因密度轻、成型容易、耐腐蚀、性价比高等优点被广泛应用于汽车、家电、建筑、办公设备、机械等领域。随着市场需求的差异化、个性化、高端化特征进一步凸显,“以塑代钢”、“以塑代木”的发展趋势为塑料行业的发展提供了广阔的市场空间。
但是高分子材料的大量使用也带来了诸多问题,主要体现在对环境的污染和对人健康的危害,如VOC污染。对在室内、车内、巷道、喷涂车间等封闭、半封闭环境中,VOC严重危害着人们的身体健康。该问题已经引起政府、国内外各大生产企业和树脂生产厂家的关注。VOC中包含有众多低分子有机化合物,如烷烃类、芳烃类、烯烃类、卤烃类、酯类、醛类、酮类和其他有机化合物,具体组成物少的几十种,多的达到上百种。低分子物的分子尺寸分布在0.1-0.6nm,由于低分子物的运动,碰撞形成的大分子尺寸超过1nm。而吸附剂的孔径分布在1nm-500μm,孔径越小,单位质量的吸附剂的孔容量和吸附力越大,孔径越大,则正好相反,但具有强吸附力的纳米级小孔径吸附剂易被低分子物堵塞,导致其吸附能力大幅的削弱。另外,在加工制备过程中,由于受螺杆、塑料颗粒或塑料熔体的挤压,无机的吸附剂微孔易受到破坏,在输送段和熔融段表现的尤为明显,导致其吸附能力大幅的削弱。目前在制备低VOC、低气味高分子材料方面,大多采用单一吸附剂或复配的吸附剂来实现。由于没有采用新的方法,没有设备和工艺的改进来配合吸附,导致存在以下问题:(1)采用单一吸附剂,孔径大,单位质量的孔容量和吸附力一般,导致吸附去除效果有限;孔径小,单位质量的孔容量和吸附力好,但易被低分子物堵塞而导致吸附去除效果不佳。(2)采用复配吸附剂,利用传统的加工设备和工艺,在吸附过程中也存在以上的问题,各自为阵,大孔径吸附剂效果一般,纳米级小孔径吸附剂因易被堵塞而存在效果不佳的问题。(3)传统的吸附剂进料方式采用从主喂料进料,在输送段和熔融段由于螺杆、塑料颗粒或熔体与吸附剂体间存在较大的挤压,微孔容易受到破坏,孔径越大,越易受到破坏,其吸附能力削弱更明显。因此,急需一种新型的低VOC、低气味高分子材料的制备方法和制备装置。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种采用多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的方法;目的之二在于提供一种低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料;目的之三在于提供一种采用多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的挤出机。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
1、一种采用多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的方法,将用于制备所述聚丙烯复合材料的各组分混匀后,加入挤出机,挤出后冷却固化、干燥即可,其特征在于,在所述挤出机中塑化时依次通过吸附剂A、吸附剂B和吸附剂C逐级吸附;所述吸附剂A的孔径>所述吸附剂B的孔径>所述吸附剂C的孔径。
优选地,所述方法还包括:在所述挤出机中熔融结束时进行一次真空抽提,逐级吸附结束时进行二次真空抽提。
优选地,所述吸附剂A孔径>100nm,所述吸附剂B孔径为10-100nm,所述吸附剂C孔径<10nm。
优选地,所述吸附剂A为活性炭、聚丙烯酰胺或硅藻土中的至少一种,所述吸附剂B为硅胶或活性氧化铝中的至少一种,所述吸附剂C为沸石分子筛或碳分子筛中的至少一种。
优选地,制备所述聚丙烯复合材料的各组分为:55-98份聚丙烯树脂、0-20份填料、0.5-20份功能助剂、0.2-1份加工热稳定剂、0.1-2份加工润滑剂和0.05-0.1份硅油。
优选地,所述填料为滑石粉或碳酸钙中的一种;所述功能助剂为阻燃剂、耐磨剂、抗静电剂、导电剂、耐候剂、导热剂、发光剂、耐腐蚀剂或抗菌剂中的一种或几种;所述加工热稳定剂为抗氧剂1010或抗氧剂1010和168的组合物;所述加工润滑剂为氧化聚乙烯蜡、蜡酯或多元醇蜡中的一种。
2、由所述的方法制备的低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料。
3、采用多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的挤出机,挤出机包括机筒、螺杆和机头,所述机筒依次由输送段、熔融段和多级吸附塑化段组成;沿螺杆旋进方向的所述输送段设置有主喂料口、所述熔融段设置有真空口、所述多级吸附塑化段间隔设置有至少三个侧喂料口,且在靠近机头端设置有真空口。
优选地,所述输送段的温度沿螺杆旋进方向在60-100℃内递增;所述熔融段的温度沿螺杆旋进方向在140-200℃内递增;所述多级吸附塑化段的温度沿螺杆旋进方向在200-230℃内递增。
优选地,所述真空口真空度均在-0.08MPa以下。
优选地,所述螺杆的转速为350-420rpm。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明提供了一种采用多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的方法及装置,在制备过程中,通过优化各类吸附剂的使用顺序,实现对各类有害有机化合物的逐级吸附。将大孔径的吸附剂在小孔径的吸附剂之前使用,以实现逐级吸附,通过吸附剂与吸附质间的范德华力相互吸引发生吸附,大孔径的吸附剂具有一定的过滤作用,有效的降低了低分子物中大尺寸分子的含量,从而能够有效解决具有强吸附能力的纳米级吸附剂被低分子物堵塞的问题,保证最终吸附去除有害有机化合物的效果。并且有利于保留较小孔径吸附剂的完整性,避免较大的挤压或作用较长的时间对因微孔的破坏。另外,限定在塑化段进行多级吸附,能够有效避免传统方法中从主喂料进料,由于受螺杆、塑料颗粒或塑料熔体的挤压,无机的吸附剂微孔易受到破坏,导致其吸附能力大幅的削弱的缺陷。采用多级吸附法,不仅吸附效果好,而且用量小,对基体材料性能的影响小,适用范围广。
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述,并且在某种程度上,基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作优选的详细描述,其中:
图1为本发明中多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的挤出机的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式,本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用,本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用,在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。
图1为本发明中多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的挤出机的示意图,图中主要展示该挤出机中机筒的组成构造,机筒依次由输送段(1-2区)、熔融段(3-5区)和多级吸附塑化段(6-15区)组成;沿螺杆旋进方向的输送段首端设置有主喂料口、熔融段的尾端设置有真空口1,多级吸附塑化段中分别在9区、11区和13区上间隔设置有侧喂料口1、侧喂料口2和侧喂料口3,且在靠近机头端的14区上设置有真空口2,多级吸附塑化段中15区与机头连接。
本发明中各实施例均采用图1所示的挤出机制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料。
实施例1
多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料
称取81份聚丙烯树脂、15份导电剂、0.2份抗氧剂1010、1份多元醇蜡和0.05份硅油,混匀后从主喂料口加入机筒,控制螺杆转速为350rpm,通过螺杆使混合物首先经过机筒的输送段(1-2区),该段1-2区温度依次为70℃和100℃;然后进入熔融段(3-5区),该段3-5区的温度依次为160℃、180℃和190℃,通过设置在5区上的真空口1进行一次真空抽取,真空度为-0.08MPa,除去原有的和加工过程中新产生的低分子挥发物;接着进入多级吸附塑化段(6-15区),该段6-15区温度依次为200℃、210℃、210℃、220℃、220℃、220℃、220℃、220℃、230℃和230℃,依次从9区、11区和13区上间隔设置有侧喂料口1、侧喂料口2和侧喂料口3加入1份粒径为200nm的活性炭、1份粒径为20nm的活性氧化铝和1份粒径为2nm的碳分子筛逐级吸附,并通过设置在14区上的真空口2进行二次真空抽取,真空度为-0.08MPa,除去加工过程中新产生的低分子挥发物,最后经冷却固化后通过真空烘料处理,制得低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料。
实施例2
多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料
称取80份聚丙烯树脂、10份碳酸钙、5份耐磨剂、0.2份抗氧剂1010、0.2份抗氧剂168、0.5份氧化聚丙烯蜡和0.06份硅油,混匀后从主喂料口加入机筒,控制螺杆转速为400rpm,通过螺杆使混合物首先经过机筒的输送段(1-2区),该段1-2区温度依次为60℃和80℃;然后进入熔融段(3-5区),该段3-5区的温度依次为140℃、160℃和180℃,通过设置在5区上的真空口1进行一次真空抽取,真空度为-0.08MPa,除去原有的和加工过程中新产生的低分子挥发物;接着进入多级吸附塑化段(6-15区),该段6-15区温度依次为200℃、210℃、210℃、220℃、220℃、220℃、220℃、220℃、220℃和220℃,依次从9区、11区和13区上间隔设置有侧喂料口1、侧喂料口2和侧喂料口3加入1.5份粒径为120nm的聚丙烯酰胺、1.5份粒径为30nm的硅胶和1.5份粒径为1nm的沸石分子筛逐级吸附,并通过设置在14区上的真空口2进行二次真空抽取,真空度为-0.08MPa,除去加工过程中新产生的低分子挥发物,最后经冷却固化后通过真空烘料处理,制得低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料。
实施例3
多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料
称取91份聚丙烯树脂、5份滑石粉、0.5份耐候剂、0.5份抗氧剂1010、0.5份抗氧剂168、0.1份蜡酯和0.05份硅油,混匀后从主喂料口加入机筒,控制螺杆转速为420rpm,通过螺杆使混合物首先经过机筒的输送段(1-2区),该段1-2区温度依次为60℃和80℃;然后进入熔融段(3-5区),该段3-5区的温度依次为140℃、160℃和180℃,通过设置在5区上的真空口1进行一次真空抽取,真空度为-0.08MPa,除去原有的和加工过程中新产生的低分子挥发物;接着进入多级吸附塑化段(6-15区),该段6-15区温度依次为200℃、200℃、210℃、220℃、220℃、220℃、220℃、230℃、230℃和230℃,依次从9区、11区和13区上间隔设置有侧喂料口1、侧喂料口2和侧喂料口3加入1份粒径为500nm的硅藻土、1份粒径为20nm的活性氧化铝和1份粒径为2nm的碳分子筛逐级吸附,并通过设置在14区上的真空口2进行二次真空抽取,真空度为-0.08MPa,除去加工过程中新产生的低分子挥发物,最后经冷却固化后通过真空烘料处理,制得低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料。
对实施例1-3中制备的低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料进行性能测试,测试结果见表1。
表1实施例1-3制备的各低气味、低VOC聚丙烯复合材料的性能测试结果
表2现有各种聚丙烯功能复合材料的代表性性能
对比表1和表2中的数据可知,实施例1-3通过添加不同功能助剂,使制备出的聚丙烯复合材料不仅具有各功能助剂所带来的性能,而且各材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、缺口冲击强度、熔体流动速率均达到或超过现有各种聚丙烯功能材料的性能,更重要的是,各材料在气味强度、气味舒适度及TVOC这三方面,相比现有材料,本发明中所制备的聚丙烯复合材料在这三方面均得到了很大的提升。
本发明中功能助剂除了为耐磨剂、耐候剂和导电剂外,还可以为抗静电剂、抗菌剂、发光剂或耐腐蚀剂。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种采用多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的方法,将用于制备所述聚丙烯复合材料的各组分混匀后,加入挤出机,挤出后冷却固化、干燥即可,其特征在于,在所述挤出机中塑化时依次通过吸附剂A、吸附剂B和吸附剂C逐级吸附;所述吸附剂A的孔径>所述吸附剂B的孔径>所述吸附剂C的孔径。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:在所述挤出机中熔融结束时进行一次真空抽提,逐级吸附结束时进行二次真空抽提。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述吸附剂A孔径>100nm,所述吸附剂B孔径为10-100nm,所述吸附剂C孔径<10nm。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,制备所述聚丙烯复合材料的各组分为:55-98份聚丙烯树脂、0-20份填料、0.5-20份功能助剂、0.2-1份加工热稳定剂、0.1-2份加工润滑剂和0.05-0.1份硅油。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述填料为滑石粉或碳酸钙中的一种;所述功能助剂为阻燃剂、耐磨剂、抗静电剂、导电剂、耐候剂、导热剂、发光剂、耐腐蚀剂或抗菌剂中的一种或几种;所述加工热稳定剂为抗氧剂1010或抗氧剂1010和168的组合物;所述加工润滑剂为氧化聚乙烯蜡、蜡酯或多元醇蜡中的一种。
6.由权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法制备的低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料。
7.采用多级吸附法制备低VOC、低气味聚丙烯复合材料的挤出机,挤出机包括机筒、螺杆和机头,其特征在于,所述机筒依次由输送段、熔融段和多级吸附塑化段组成;沿螺杆旋进方向的所述输送段设置有主喂料口、所述熔融段设置有真空口、所述多级吸附塑化段间隔设置有至少三个侧喂料口,且在靠近机头端设置有真空口。
8.如权利要求7所述的挤出机,其特征在于,所述输送段的温度沿螺杆旋进方向在60-100℃内递增;所述熔融段的温度沿螺杆旋进方向在140-200℃内递增;所述多级吸附塑化段的温度沿螺杆旋进方向在200-230℃内递增。
9.如权利要求7所述的挤出机,其特征在于,所述真空口真空度均在-0.08MPa以下。
10.如权利要求7所述的挤出机,其特征在于,所述螺杆的转速为350-420rpm。
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