CN112715090B - Seedling raising method for eucalyptus robusta seeds - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for eucalyptus robusta seeds Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C17/00—Fertilisers or seeders with centrifugal wheels
- A01C17/005—Driving mechanisms for the throwing devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/50—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor contained within a flexible envelope
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method for eucalyptus robusta seeds, namely eucalyptus robusta (A)Eucalyptus robusta Smith) The method is a dicotyledonous plant of the eucalyptus genus of the Myrtaceae family, and comprises seed selection, seed dormancy breaking treatment, seedbed selection and treatment, sowing and seedling management. The method disclosed by the invention is simple, low in seedling raising cost, high in emergence rate, flexible in production scale, capable of meeting the requirements of the seedlings when the eucalyptus robusta is planted in large quantities, and good in economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant seedling culture, and particularly relates to a seedling culture method for eucalyptus robusta seeds.
Background
Eucalyptus robusta (A)Eucalyptus robusta Smith) Is a dicotyledonous plant of the eucalyptus genus of the Myrtaceae family, is originated from plain, hillside and roadside with sufficient sunlight, prefers warm and humid climate, is native to Australia, and has cultivation in southwest and southern China. The eucalyptus robusta is a city sidewalk tree and also a windproof forest tree species, is one of world famous fast-growing tree species, has strong adaptability, is tough and corrosion-resistant in wood, and can be used as materials for sleepers, electric poles, ore columns, buildings, furniture and the like and paper making materials; meanwhile, the branches and leaves of the eucalyptus robusta are also important raw materials in the medicine, spice and chemical industry, and have high medicinal value. Eucalyptus robusta is bitter, pungent and mild in nature and has the effects of clearing heat, eliminating dampness, inhibiting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, dispelling wind, relieving itching and resisting intestinal parasitesCan be used for treating upper respiratory infection, pharyngolaryngitis, influenza, epidemic meningitis, cellulitis, furuncle, eczema, erysipelas, skin pruritus, and scald. At present, researches on eucalyptus robusta mainly focus on the application of eucalyptus robusta wood and branches and leaves or the extraction of active ingredients of the branches and leaves, few researches on the planting and seedling raising of the eucalyptus robusta are involved, along with the development of the planting of the eucalyptus robusta, the demand of seedlings of the eucalyptus robusta is more and more, and the phenomena of low emergence rate, poor economic benefit and the like generally exist in the cultivation of the seedlings of the eucalyptus robusta at present, so that the market demands are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling raising method for eucalyptus robusta seeds, which is simple, low in seedling raising cost, high in rate of emergence, flexible in production scale, capable of meeting the requirements of seedlings when a large number of eucalyptus robusta are planted and good in economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for seedling raising of the eucalyptus robusta seeds comprises the steps of seed selection, seed dormancy breaking treatment, seedbed selection and treatment, sowing and seedling management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: collecting Eucalyptus robusta fruit in seed maturation period, spreading and drying in the sun, collecting the seed when the seed falls off naturally, and storing in dark place under sealed condition.
(2) Seed dormancy breaking treatment: and (3) storing the seeds at-20 to 3 ℃ for 10 to 48 hours, taking out the seeds, and immediately soaking the seeds in warm water at 40 to 50 ℃ at constant temperature for 6 to 7 hours.
(3) Sowing: selecting a substrate without perlite for solarization sterilization to serve as a breeding substrate, selecting a transparent box with a cover as a seeding box, adding a layer of substrate into the seeding box for uniformly spreading, sprinkling water on the substrate to completely wet the substrate, then dressing seeds with a dry substrate, and then dressing the seeds according to the proportion of 18-55 g/m2Uniformly spreading the mixed seeds into a sowing box, uniformly spreading a layer of dry matrix, finally spraying water to thoroughly wet the upper matrix, covering a cover, putting the upper matrix into a phytotron with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 70 percent for dark cultivation, and timely opening the box after the seeds germinateThe lamps of the climatic chamber give light.
(4) Seedling management: after most seeds germinate, taking out the seeding box from the artificial climate box, placing the seeding box indoors or outdoors under the irradiation of sunlight, and irradiating for 4-5 hours every day with the illumination intensity of 1000-2000 lx; the relative humidity of the soil in the sowing box is kept between 68 and 72 percent; and opening the box cover in time after the seeds emerge, continuously culturing, and spraying carbendazim solution to prevent plant diseases and insect pests.
(5) And (3) treating the seedbed and the seedling raising plate: selecting a plot with sufficient illumination, flat topography and loose soil as a seedbed, and spraying a carbendazim solution to disinfect the seedbed; and (3) after the seedling raising tray is disinfected, putting a seedling raising matrix into each hole, and pouring a proper amount of water to enable the matrix to have 55-65% of wettability.
(6) Transplanting: when 3-4 true leaves grow and the height of each seedling is 4-5 cm, taking out the seedlings with soil from the seeding box, dividing the seedlings into plants, digging a small pit in each hole of the seedling tray, slightly putting the seedlings into the pits according to one plant in each hole, filling the holes with a matrix, watering for fixing roots, putting the seedling tray into a well-prepared seedbed, covering with a sunshade net, and watering in the morning and evening every day; and when the seedlings grow to 18-22 cm high, transplanting the seedlings from the seedling culture tray with soil into a seedling culture bag, watering after transplanting to completely wet the soil in the seedling culture bag, and watering 1-2 times a day to keep the soil moist.
Preferably, the seed dormancy breaking treatment in the step (2): storing the seeds at-20 deg.C for 12 hr, taking out, immediately soaking in 45 deg.C warm water for 6 hr. The dark culture time in the step (3) is preferably 24 h.
The thickness of the upper-layer matrix in the sowing box is 0.5-1.5 cm, the thickness of the lower-layer matrix is thicker than that of the upper-layer matrix, and the total thickness of the matrix is smaller than the height of the sowing box.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the seeds to the seed dressing matrix is 1: 45-55.
Preferably, the substrate and the seed dressing substrate in the seeding box are turf peat seedling substrate, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5.
Preferably, the seedling raising bag is a non-woven seedling raising bag, and the mass ratio of the loess to the seedling raising matrix in the non-woven seedling raising bag is 1.5-2.5: 1.
The seedling culture substrate is a common substrate sold in the market.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method of the invention proposes that the seeds are stored at low temperature for a period of time before sowing, and then the seeds are placed in warm water at proper temperature for constant-temperature seed soaking treatment, which can realize the dormancy breaking of the eucalyptus robusta seeds, effectively accelerate the germination time of the seeds and improve the germination rate of the seeds.
2. In the method, a transparent box with a cover is used as a seeding box, dark culture is firstly carried out in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity artificial climate box for a period of time, and then the seeding box is placed indoors or outdoors with sunlight for continuous culture until seeds germinate and then illumination is supplemented in time; the seeding box has the effects of heat preservation and moisture preservation, has light transmittance, is convenient for the seeds and seedlings to receive light after dark culture is finished, and is prevented from being damaged by insects; the seeds can germinate rapidly by dark culture under the conditions of 30 ℃ and 70% humidity, the seeds can germinate about 2 days after sowing, and the seeds can be supplied with light in time after germination to avoid yellowing of the seeds, so that the overall germination rate and survival rate of the seeds can be effectively improved.
3. In the method, the seeds are firstly sown by the sowing box, so that high-density sowing can be performed, and the utilization rate of the artificial climate box is improved; when the seeds germinate and grow 3-4 true leaves and are 4-5 cm high, the seedlings in the seeding box are timely transplanted to a seedling tray for division and hardening, the seedlings can be supplied with nutrition in a targeted manner by using a proper seedling medium in the seedling tray for promoting the rapid growth of the seedlings, the centralized management and later-stage transplantation are convenient, and the survival rate of the seedlings can be effectively improved; and finally, transplanting the seedlings into seedling bags when the seedlings grow to a certain extent again and are not suitable for seedling raising in a seedling raising tray, wherein seedling raising in the seedling raising bags is a transition period between matrix seedling raising and field seedling raising, and the seedlings can be conveniently transplanted in a field and can be adapted. Transplanting and hardening seedlings gradually according to the growth condition of the seedlings to enable the seedlings to adapt to the change from the artificial constant temperature and humidity environment to the environment with large field temperature and humidity change slowly.
4. The eucalyptus robusta seeds are extremely small, and because perlite is easy to absorb water and expand, seedlings are difficult to grow vertically due to the pressure of the perlite when the seedlings germinate if the perlite-containing substrates are used for sowing, and the perlite-containing substrates are generally acidic and are not beneficial to the germination of the eucalyptus robusta seeds; therefore, the invention particularly limits that the substrate without perlite is selected as the breeding substrate after solarization and sterilization, and the turf peat seedling substrate with neutral pH value is preferred, the substrate is loose and breathable, the growth of the seedling root system is facilitated, the damage of the seedling root system is small during transplanting, the seedling is quickly revived after rooting, and the survival rate is high. The method comprises the steps of sowing seeds by adopting a sowing box with a cover, preserving heat and moisturizing, preventing insects and diseases by the cover before the seeds emerge, preventing diseases and insect pests by spraying a carbendazim solution after the seeds emerge and are uncovered, watering the seedlings in time to enable a matrix or soil to keep proper humidity, and effectively improving the survival rate of the seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a seed of Eucalyptus robusta;
FIG. 2 shows Eucalyptus robusta seedlings in the seeding box;
FIG. 3 shows the Eucalyptus robusta seedlings in the nursery tray.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The method for seedling raising of the eucalyptus robusta seeds comprises the steps of seed selection, seed dormancy breaking treatment, seedbed selection and treatment, sowing and seedling management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: picking up the eucalyptus robusta fruits in the seed maturation period of 8-10 months, tedding for 3 days, collecting the fallen seeds, and placing the seeds in a dark place for sealed storage after the seeds naturally fall off.
(2) Seed dormancy breaking treatment: the seeds are stored for 48h at 3 ℃, taken out and immediately put into warm water at 45 ℃ for constant-temperature soaking for 6 h.
(3) Sowing: selecting a substrate without perliteThe seed is subjected to solarization and sterilization to be used as a breeding substrate, a transparent disposable plastic box with a cover is used as a seeding box (the bottom length is 13.2cm, the bottom width is 4cm, and the height is 5 cm), a layer of substrate is added into the seeding box to be uniformly spread, the thickness is about 1.5cm, and water is sprayed on the substrate to completely wet the substrate; then, dressing the seeds with the dried matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the seeds to the matrix for dressing the seeds is 1: 55; then according to 18g/m2Uniformly spreading the mixed seeds into a sowing box, uniformly spreading a layer of dry matrix with the thickness of about 0.5cm, finally spraying water to thoroughly wet the upper matrix, covering a cover, putting the upper matrix into a phytotron with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 70 percent for dark cultivation for 20 hours, and timely turning on a lamp of the phytotron to illuminate after the seeds germinate. Wherein the substrate without perlite is pure grass carbon soil substrate purchased from Changchun Yinongsaishi peat development Limited liability company, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5.
(4) Seedling management: after most seeds germinate, taking out the seeding box from the artificial climate box, and placing the seeding box indoors or outdoors under the irradiation of sunlight, wherein the illumination is 4 hours every day, and the illumination intensity is 2000 lx; the relative humidity of the soil in the sowing box is kept between 68 and 72 percent; after the seeds emerge, the box cover is opened in time to continue culturing and 0.01 percent carbendazim solution is sprayed to prevent plant diseases and insect pests.
(5) And (3) treating the seedbed and the seedling raising plate: selecting a plot with sufficient illumination, flat topography and loose soil as a seedbed, and spraying the seedbed with a carbendazim solution for disinfection. Seedling raising trays with the specification of 540 x 280mm, the number of the hole holes of 32 (4 x 8), the upper caliber of each hole of 55mm, the lower aperture of 27mm and the height of 60mm are selected for raising seedlings, the seedling raising trays are disinfected, seedling raising substrates accounting for 3/4 of the total volume of the hole holes are put into each hole, and a proper amount of water is poured into the seedling raising trays, so that the substrates are 55% of wettability.
(6) Transplanting: when 3-4 true leaves grow and the height of each seedling is 4-5 cm, taking out the seedlings with soil from the seeding box, dividing the seedlings into plants, digging a small pit in each hole of the seedling tray, slightly putting the seedlings into the pits according to one plant in each hole, filling the holes with a matrix, watering for fixing roots, putting the seedling tray into a well-prepared seedbed, covering with a sunshade net, and watering in the morning and evening every day; transplanting the seedlings from the seedling raising tray with soil into a non-woven seedling raising bag when the seedlings grow to 18-22 cm high, watering after transplanting to enable the soil in the non-woven seedling raising bag to be completely wet, and watering once a day to enable the soil to be kept wet; the mass ratio of the loess to the seedling substrate in the non-woven seedling raising bag is 2.5: 1. And in the later period, according to the severity of insect pests, 800-1200 times of diluent of 50% phoxim missible oil can be selected to be sprayed on the soil to control the insect pests.
Example 2
The method for seedling raising of the eucalyptus robusta seeds comprises the steps of seed selection, seed dormancy breaking treatment, seedbed selection and treatment, sowing and seedling management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: picking the eucalyptus robusta fruits in the seed maturation period of 8-10 months, tedding for 4 days, collecting the fallen seeds after the seeds naturally fall off, and placing the seeds in a dark place for sealed storage.
(2) Seed dormancy breaking treatment: storing the seeds at-20 deg.C for 12 hr, taking out, immediately soaking in 45 deg.C warm water for 6 hr.
(3) Sowing: selecting a substrate without perlite for solarization sterilization to serve as a breeding substrate, selecting a transparent disposable plastic box with a cover as a seeding box (the bottom is 13.2cm in length, the bottom is 4cm in width and the height is 5 cm), adding a layer of substrate into the seeding box, uniformly spreading the substrate to the thickness of about 2cm, and sprinkling water on the substrate to completely wet the substrate; then, dressing the seeds with the dried matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the seeds to the matrix for dressing the seeds is 1: 50; then according to 36g/m2The seeding density of the method is that the mixed seeds are uniformly scattered into a seeding box, a layer of dry matrix with the thickness of about 1cm is uniformly scattered, water is finally sprayed to enable the upper matrix to be thoroughly wet, a cover is covered, the seeding box is placed into an artificial climate box with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 70% for dark culture for 24 hours, and a lamp of the artificial climate box is timely turned on to illuminate after the seeds are found to germinate. Wherein the substrate without perlite is pure grass carbon soil substrate purchased from Changchun Yinongsaishi peat Mount development Limited liability company, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5.
(4) Seedling management: after most seeds germinate, taking out the seeding box from the artificial climate box, placing the seeding box indoors or outdoors under the irradiation of sunlight, and irradiating for 4.5 hours every day with the illumination intensity of 1400 lx; the relative humidity of the soil in the sowing box is kept between 68 and 72 percent; after the seeds emerge, the box cover is opened in time to continue culturing, and 0.01 percent carbendazim solution is sprayed to prevent plant diseases and insect pests.
(5) And (3) treating the seedbed and the seedling raising plate: selecting a plot with sufficient illumination, flat topography and loose soil as a seedbed, and spraying the seedbed with a carbendazim solution for disinfection. Seedling raising trays with the specification of 540 x 280mm, the number of the hole holes of 32 (4 x 8), the upper caliber of each hole of 55mm, the lower aperture of 27mm and the height of 60mm are selected for raising seedlings, the seedling raising trays are disinfected, seedling raising substrates accounting for 3/4 of the total volume of the hole holes are put into each hole, and a proper amount of water is poured into the seedling raising trays, so that the substrates show 60% of wettability.
(6) Transplanting: when 3-4 true leaves grow and the height of each seedling is 4-5 cm, taking out the seedlings with soil from the seeding box, dividing the seedlings into plants, digging a small pit in each hole of the seedling tray, slightly putting the seedlings into the pits according to one plant in each hole, filling the holes with a matrix, watering for fixing roots, putting the seedling tray into a well-prepared seedbed, covering with a sunshade net, and watering in the morning and evening every day; when the seedlings grow to 18-22 cm high, transplanting the seedlings from the seedling culture tray with soil into a non-woven seedling culture bag, watering after transplanting to enable the soil in the non-woven seedling culture bag to be completely wet, and watering once a day to enable the soil to be kept wet; the mass ratio of the loess to the seedling substrate in the non-woven seedling raising bag is 2: 1. And in the later period, according to the severity of insect pests, 800-1200 times of diluent of 50% phoxim missible oil can be selected to be sprayed on the soil to control the insect pests.
Example 3
The method for raising the seedlings of the eucalyptus robusta seeds comprises the steps of seed selection, seed dormancy breaking treatment, seedbed selection and treatment, sowing and seedling management, and comprises the following specific steps of:
(1) seed selection: picking up the eucalyptus robusta fruits in the seed maturation period of 8-10 months, tedding for 5 days, collecting the fallen seeds, and placing the seeds in a dark place for sealed storage after the seeds naturally fall off.
(2) Seed dormancy breaking treatment: storing the seeds at-18 deg.C for 24 hr, taking out, immediately soaking in 45 deg.C warm water for 7 hr.
(3) Sowing: selecting perlite-free matrix as breeding matrix after insolation sterilization, and selecting covered transparent matrixTaking a disposable plastic box as a seeding box (the bottom length is 13.2cm, the bottom width is 4cm, and the height is 5 cm), adding a layer of matrix into the seeding box, uniformly spreading the matrix with the thickness of about 2.5cm, and sprinkling water on the matrix to completely wet the matrix; then, dressing the seeds by using the dried matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the seeds to the dressing matrix is 1: 45; then according to 55g/m2Uniformly scattering the mixed seeds into a sowing box, uniformly scattering a layer of dry matrix with the thickness of about 1cm, finally spraying water to thoroughly wet the upper matrix, covering a cover, putting the box into a phytotron with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 70% for dark cultivation for 30 hours, and timely turning on a lamp of the phytotron to illuminate after the seeds germinate. Wherein the substrate without perlite is pure grass carbon soil substrate purchased from Changchun Yinongsaishi peat development Limited liability company, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5.
(4) Seedling management: after most seeds germinate, taking out the seeding box from the artificial climate box, and placing the seeding box indoors or outdoors under sunlight irradiation, wherein the illumination is 5 hours every day, and the illumination intensity is 1000 lx; the relative humidity of the soil in the sowing box is kept between 68 and 72 percent; after the seeds emerge, the box cover is opened in time to continue culturing and 0.01 percent carbendazim solution is sprayed to prevent plant diseases and insect pests.
(5) And (3) treating the seedbed and the seedling raising plate: selecting a plot with sufficient illumination, flat topography and loose soil as a seedbed, and spraying the seedbed with a carbendazim solution for disinfection. Seedling raising trays with the specification of 540 x 280mm, the number of the hole holes of 32 (4 x 8), the upper caliber of each hole of 55mm, the lower aperture of 27mm and the height of 60mm are selected for raising seedlings, the seedling raising trays are disinfected, seedling raising substrates accounting for 3/4 of the total volume of the hole holes are put into each hole, and a proper amount of water is poured into the seedling raising trays, so that the substrates show 65% of wettability.
(6) Transplanting: when 3-4 true leaves grow and the height of each seedling is 4-5 cm, taking out the seedlings with soil from the seeding box, dividing the seedlings into plants, digging a small pit in each hole of the seedling tray, slightly putting the seedlings into the pits according to one plant in each hole, filling the holes with a matrix, watering for fixing roots, putting the seedling tray into a well-prepared seedbed, covering with a sunshade net, and watering in the morning and evening every day; when the seedlings grow to 18-22 cm high, transplanting the seedlings from the seedling culture tray with soil into a non-woven seedling culture bag, watering after transplanting to enable the soil in the non-woven seedling culture bag to be completely wet, and watering once a day to enable the soil to be kept wet; the mass ratio of the loess to the seedling substrate in the non-woven seedling bag is 1.5: 1. And in the later period, according to the severity of insect pests, 800-1200 times of diluent of 50% phoxim missible oil can be selected to be sprayed on the soil to control the insect pests.
In order to verify the high germination rate of the method, the applicant collects a batch of eucalyptus robusta fruits in 09 months in 2019, puts the batch of eucalyptus robusta fruits in the sun and dries the fruits in the sun for 4 days, collects some eucalyptus robusta seeds with the maturity of 95-98% after the seeds naturally fall off, displays part of the seeds in a figure 1, and puts the collected seeds in the dark for sealed storage. In the month 07 of 2020, the applicant of the present invention cultured eucalyptus robusta by adjusting the condition parameters of seed dormancy breaking treatment according to the method described in example 2 of the present invention, and recorded the germination number of the eucalyptus robusta seeds 72 hours after sowing. Totally designing 14 groups, wherein each group comprises 3 sowing boxes, the specific treatment and average number of the germinated plants in each box are shown in tables 1-2, the Eucalyptus robusta seedlings in the sowing boxes are shown in figure 2, and the Eucalyptus robusta seedlings in the seedling-raising plates are shown in figure 3.
In order to further determine the optimal treatment conditions for breeding, the applicant further performs orthogonal experiments on four influencing factors, namely dormancy temperature, dormancy time, seed soaking temperature and dark culture time by adjusting parameters according to the method described in embodiment 2 of the invention in 12 months in 2020, and obtains the influence on seedling raising of the eucalyptus robusta seeds through analysis of orthogonal experiment results: the seed soaking temperature > dark culture time > dormancy temperature, and the seed germination rate was the highest when the seed soaking temperature was 45 ℃, the dark culture time was 24 hours, the dormancy time was 12 hours, and the dormancy temperature was-20 ℃.
Claims (1)
1. The seedling raising method of the eucalyptus robusta seeds is characterized by comprising the following seedling raising steps:
(1) seed selection: collecting Eucalyptus robusta fruit in seed maturation period, tedding, collecting the seed in dark place, and sealing;
(2) seed dormancy breaking treatment: storing the seeds at-20 ℃ for 12h, taking out the seeds, immediately putting the seeds into warm water at 45 ℃ and soaking the seeds for 6h at constant temperature;
(3) sowing: selecting a substrate without perlite for solarization sterilization to serve as a breeding substrate, selecting a transparent box with a cover as a seeding box, adding a layer of substrate into the seeding box for uniformly spreading, sprinkling water on the substrate to completely wet the substrate, then dressing seeds with a dry substrate, and then dressing the seeds according to the proportion of 18-55 g/m2Uniformly scattering the mixed seeds into a sowing box, uniformly scattering a layer of dry matrix, finally spraying water to thoroughly wet the upper matrix, covering a cover, putting into an artificial climate box with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 70% for dark cultivation, selecting the dark cultivation time for 24 hours, and timely turning on a lamp of the artificial climate box to illuminate after the seeds germinate;
the thickness of the upper-layer matrix in the sowing box is 0.5-1.5 cm, the thickness of the lower-layer matrix is thicker than that of the upper-layer matrix, and the total thickness of the matrix is smaller than the height of the sowing box; the mass ratio of the seeds to the seed-dressing matrix is 1: 45-55; the medium and the seed dressing medium in the seeding box are turf peat seedling medium, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5;
(4) seedling management: after most seeds germinate, taking out the seeding box from the artificial climate box, placing the seeding box indoors or outdoors under sunlight irradiation, and irradiating for 4-5 hours every day with the illumination intensity of 1000-2000 lx; the relative humidity of the soil in the sowing box is kept between 68 and 72 percent; opening the box cover in time after the seeds emerge, continuing culturing and spraying carbendazim solution to prevent plant diseases and insect pests;
(5) and (3) treating the seedbed and the seedling raising plate: selecting a plot with sufficient illumination, flat topography and loose soil as a seedbed, and spraying a carbendazim solution to disinfect the seedbed; after the seedling raising tray is disinfected, putting a seedling raising substrate into each hole, and pouring a proper amount of water to enable the substrate to have 55-65% of wettability;
(6) transplanting: when 3-4 true leaves grow and the height of each seedling is 4-5 cm, taking out the seedlings with soil from the seeding box, dividing the seedlings into plants, digging a small pit in each hole of the seedling tray, slightly putting the seedlings into the pits according to one plant in each hole, filling the holes with a matrix, watering for fixing roots, putting the seedling tray into a well-prepared seedbed, covering with a sunshade net, and watering in the morning and evening every day; when the seedlings grow to 18-22 cm high, transplanting the seedlings from a seedling tray with soil into seedling bags, watering after transplanting to enable the soil in the seedling bags to be completely wet, watering 1-2 times a day to keep the soil moist, wherein the seedling bags are non-woven seedling bags, and the mass ratio of loess to seedling substrate in the non-woven seedling bags is 1.5-2.5: 1; the seedling substrate is a common substrate sold in the market.
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Application publication date: 20210430 Assignee: Guangxi Yuan'antang Cinnamon Industry Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI YUAN-AN-TANG PHARMACEUTICAL Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2023980048743 Denomination of invention: The method of seed cultivation for Eucalyptus grandis Granted publication date: 20220719 License type: Common License Record date: 20231128 |