CN112703850A - Method for improving continuous cropping soil of hot peppers - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving continuous cropping soil of hot peppers, which comprises the following steps: ploughing the pepper cultivation soil, removing the ploughed soil, carrying out heat treatment on the ploughed soil removed from 1/3-1/2, moving the heat-treated ploughed soil back when the soil is hot, paving biomass charcoal on the surface, moving the soil which is not heat-treated back completely, and covering a film; irrigating and ploughing the soil for the second time, removing part of ploughed soil, uniformly paving a layer of semi-fermented material on the exposed ground, and paving the removed ploughed soil on the semi-fermented material; uniformly spraying a biomass extracting solution on the surface of the soil, applying a biological organic fertilizer, and carrying out three-time ploughing treatment. The method for improving the continuous cropping soil of the peppers is simple, has strong operability, can obviously relieve the progress of continuous cropping obstacles in the pepper planting process, provides rich fertility for the growth of the peppers, reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, improves the growth capacity of the peppers and increases the yield of the peppers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for improving continuous cropping soil of hot peppers.
Background
Continuous cropping obstacles are phenomena of poor growth, reduced yield and reduced quality that occur when the same crop or closely related crops are continuously cultivated in the same soil, even under normal cultivation management conditions. With the acceleration of the large-scale, specialized and facility development of vegetable production, various continuous cropping obstacles such as unbalanced soil nutrition, aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests, reduction of yield and quality year by year and the like appear in various places of China and farmers engaged in certain specific vegetable production, and the continuous cropping obstacles are bound to become the largest limiting factor of the sustainable development of facility agriculture.
The capsicum belongs to the genus capsicum in the family of solanaceae, is an annual herbaceous plant, contains various vitamins necessary for human bodies, abundant mineral elements, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and the like, and is popular with people in China. Compared with vegetables of the same family and different genera, the capsicum belongs to vegetable crops with shallow root systems, the root systems are weak, the degree of cork formation is high, the regeneration capability after injury is poor, the requirements on environmental factors such as illumination, temperature, moisture, soil and the like are high, and the capsicum is one of the vegetable crops which are not resistant to continuous cropping. The causes of the continuous cropping obstacles of the soil are complex, and the causes of the continuous cropping obstacles of different crops are different, and mainly comprise the following three aspects: self-toxicity, soil-borne diseases and nutrient imbalance. The existing method for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacle of vegetable crops mainly comprises the following steps: establishing a reasonable cultivation system, disinfecting soil, using biological agents, applying organic fertilizers and grafting.
Chinese patent CN103238639A discloses a plant microbial inoculum for preventing and treating continuous cropping blight of pepper, which is a phenolic acid substance of corn stalks, the raw materials comprise crushed corn stalks, water and ethanol, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the crushed corn stalks with water uniformly to enable the water to permeate the corn stalks; extracting corn straw biochemical substances by a pressurization percolation method; and adsorbing and resolving the extracted leaching liquor, and concentrating by using a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain the extract. However, the plant fungicide prepared in the patent can not treat microorganisms which are unfavorable for pepper production in soil, so that the prevention and treatment effect is poor.
Chinese patent CN110063222A discloses a pepper planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse, comprising: pretreating soil; organic compound fertilizer application: the components of the organic compound fertilizer comprise a compound microbial agent, decomposed human or animal excrement, decomposed crop straws, waste gypsum powder, waste limestone powder and a nutrient regulating preparation; applying wormcast; ploughing the soil for the second time; transplanting pepper seedlings; spraying antidote. However, the sterilization treatment of the pepper planting method in the patent can cause medicament residues, and certain influence is generated on pepper.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for improving continuous cropping soil of pepper, so as to solve the above technical problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for improving continuous cropping soil of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
s10, ploughing the pepper cultivation soil, controlling the ploughing depth to be 8-20cm, removing the ploughed soil, carrying out heat treatment on the ploughed soil removed at 1/3-1/2 at the temperature of 200-; controlling the temperature of the heat-treated plowed soil during moving back to be 80-130 ℃;
step S20, irrigating the soil, ploughing twice, controlling the ploughing depth to be 15-30cm, removing ploughed soil with the depth of 6-15cm twice, uniformly paving a layer of semi-fermented material on the exposed ground, uniformly paving the removed ploughed soil on the semi-fermented material, covering a plastic film, standing for 5-10 days, and removing the plastic film;
and step S30, uniformly spraying a biomass extracting solution on the surface of the soil, applying a bio-organic fertilizer, and performing three-time tillage treatment to complete the improvement of the continuous cropping soil of the pepper.
Further, in step S10, the biomass charcoal is a product obtained by carbonizing corn straw and wheat straw in a weight ratio of 10: 5-20; the above-mentioned maize straw and wheat straw are mainly made up by using straw portion as main component, and can contain a small quantity of root system portion.
Further, in step S20, the preparation of the semi-fermented material comprises the following steps: 10-25 parts of wood chips, 10-35 parts of edible fungus residues, 5-15 parts of vinasse, 5-14 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 5-12 parts of rice hulls and 2-8 parts of humic acid are stirred and mixed while water is added until the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly; spraying dilute sulfuric acid solution, fully mixing, standing for 1 day, adding xylanase liquid, fully mixing, stacking, fermenting for 3-5 days, turning over, spraying dilute sulfuric acid again, and continuously stacking and fermenting for 4-6 days to obtain semi-fermented material.
Furthermore, the edible fungus residue comprises any one of or a mixture of at least two of mushroom residue, agaric residue, tremella residue and mushroom residue.
Further, the preparation of the expanded vermiculite powder comprises: roasting vermiculite at 400-600 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain expanded vermiculite; the expanded vermiculite is crushed to the particle size of 50-100 meshes.
Further, in step S30, the process for preparing the biomass extract includes: washing sweet potato vines and rice straws, naturally drying in the air, crushing, adding 10-18 times of water, performing vibration leaching for 26 hours, filtering, and centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution a; naturally air-drying soybean straw, rice hull and rice straw, mixing in a weight ratio of 10:2-8:1-6, adding pepper continuous cropping soil and water, covering a film for constant temperature decomposition at 45 ℃, obtaining a decomposition product after decomposition for 15 days, mixing the decomposition product with distilled water, stirring and mixing, centrifuging, and taking supernatant to obtain an extracting solution b; and mixing the extracting solution a and the extracting solution b to obtain the biomass extracting solution.
The sweet potato vine is sweet potato vine with root.
Further, the mixing weight ratio of the extracting solution a and the extracting solution b is 1: 2-6.
Further, in step S30, the application amount of the biomass extract is 15-50 kg/mu.
Further, in step S30, the depth of the three plowing operations is controlled to be 20-30 cm.
The technical scheme can show that the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the method for improving the continuous cropping soil of the peppers, the heat treatment is used for carrying out high-temperature sterilization on part of the plowed soil, pathogenic microorganisms, nematodes and the like in the soil can be killed, compared with a pesticide spray, the method has the effects of no residue and no influence on the soil structure and physicochemical properties, the heat-treated part of the plowed soil is mixed with the soil which is not subjected to heat treatment, the balance of microbial groups in the soil can be effectively regulated, the content of autotoxic substances generated by continuous cropping of the peppers is reduced, and the biomass charcoal can be used as a fertilizer for providing nutrition for the growth of the peppers and relieving the influence of the heat treatment on the soil structure generated by the soil;
2. according to the method for improving the continuous cropping soil of the hot pepper, the biomass extracting solution is applied and consists of the biomass extracting solution and the decomposition solution, sweet potato vines and rice straws are used for leaching, the obtained extracting solution can relieve continuous cropping obstacles of the hot pepper, the mixture of soybean straws, rice husks and rice straws is used for decomposition, the obtained decomposition solution can relieve the self-toxicity of the continuous cropping soil of the hot pepper, can play a certain role in controlling the growth of rhizoctonia solani, and is more beneficial to the growth and development of the hot pepper;
3. the method for improving the continuous cropping soil of the peppers is simple and strong in operability, can be used for repairing the soil in the continuous cropping soil of the peppers planted for 3-5 years continuously, eliminates continuous cropping obstacles, can obviously relieve the progress of the continuous cropping obstacles in the pepper planting process, provides rich fertility for the growth of the peppers, reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, improves the growth capacity of the peppers and increases the yield of the peppers.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be practiced in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1
A method for improving continuous cropping soil of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
step S10, ploughing the pepper cultivation soil, controlling the ploughing depth to be 14cm, removing the ploughed soil, carrying out heat treatment on the ploughed soil 1/2 at 240 ℃ for 15 minutes, moving back the heat-treated ploughed soil when the heat is still hot, uniformly paving a layer of biomass charcoal with the thickness of 3.5cm on the surface of the heat-treated soil, then completely moving back the soil without heat treatment, uniformly paving the biomass charcoal on the soil, covering a plastic film on the ground surface when the temperature of the soil is lower than 40 ℃, standing for 10-20 days, and removing the plastic film; controlling the temperature of the heat-treated plowed soil during moving back to be 150 ℃; the biomass charcoal is a product obtained by carbonizing corn straws and wheat straws in a weight ratio of 10:12, and the corn straws and the wheat straws are straw particles crushed to 2-5 cm;
step S20, irrigating the soil, ploughing twice, controlling the ploughing depth to be 22cm, removing ploughed soil of 10cm twice, uniformly paving a layer of semi-fermented material on the exposed ground, uniformly paving the removed ploughed soil on the semi-fermented material, covering a plastic film, standing for 8 days, and removing the plastic film;
and step S30, uniformly spraying a biomass extracting solution on the surface of the soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass extracting solution is 32 kg/mu, applying a biological organic fertilizer, and carrying out three-time ploughing treatment, wherein the depth is controlled to be 25cm, so that the improvement of the continuous cropping soil of the hot pepper is completed.
The preparation of the semi-fermented material comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing 17.5 parts of wood chips, 22.5 parts of edible fungus residues, 10 parts of vinasse, 9.5 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 8.5 parts of rice hulls and 5 parts of humic acid while adding water until the mixture is uniformly stirred and mixed; spraying dilute sulfuric acid solution, fully mixing uniformly, standing for 1 day, adding wood enzyme bacteria solution, fully mixing, stacking for fermentation, turning over after 4 days, spraying dilute sulfuric acid again, and continuing stacking for fermentation for 5 days to obtain semi-fermented material; the preparation method of the expanded vermiculite powder comprises the following steps: roasting vermiculite at 500 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain expanded vermiculite; the expanded vermiculite is crushed to the particle size of 50-100 meshes.
The preparation process of the biomass extracting solution comprises the following steps: washing sweet potato vine and rice straw, naturally drying in the air, crushing, adding 14 times of water, performing vibration extraction for 26 hours, filtering, and centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution a; naturally air-drying soybean straw, rice hull and rice straw, mixing in a weight ratio of 10:5:3.5, adding pepper continuous cropping soil and water, covering a film for constant temperature decomposition at 45 ℃, obtaining a decomposition product after decomposition for 15 days, mixing the decomposition product with distilled water, stirring and mixing, centrifuging, and taking supernatant to obtain an extracting solution b; mixing the extracting solution a and the extracting solution b according to the weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain a biomass extracting solution.
Example 2
A method for improving continuous cropping soil of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
step S10, ploughing the pepper cultivation soil, controlling the ploughing depth to be 8cm, removing the ploughed soil, carrying out heat treatment on the ploughed soil 1/3 at 200 ℃ for 10 minutes, moving back the heat-treated ploughed soil when the heat is still hot, uniformly paving a layer of biomass charcoal with the thickness of 2cm on the surface of the heat-treated soil, then moving back all the soil which is not heat-treated, uniformly paving the soil on the biomass charcoal, covering a plastic film on the ground surface when the temperature of the soil is lower than 40 ℃, standing for 10 days, and removing the plastic film; controlling the temperature of the heat-treated plowed soil during moving back to 80 ℃; the biomass charcoal is a product obtained by carbonizing corn straws and wheat straws in a weight ratio of 10:5, and the corn straws and the wheat straws are straw particles crushed to 2-5 cm;
step S20, irrigating the soil, ploughing twice, controlling the ploughing depth to be 15cm, removing ploughed soil with the depth of 6cm twice, uniformly paving a layer of semi-fermented material on the exposed ground, uniformly paving the removed ploughed soil on the semi-fermented material, covering a plastic film, standing for 5 days, and removing the plastic film;
and step S30, uniformly spraying a biomass extracting solution on the surface of the soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass extracting solution is 15 kg/mu, applying a biological organic fertilizer, and carrying out three-time ploughing treatment, wherein the depth is controlled to be 20cm, so that the improvement of the continuous cropping soil of the hot pepper is completed.
The preparation of the semi-fermented material comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing 10 parts of wood chips, 10 parts of edible fungus residues, 5 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 5 parts of rice hulls and 2 parts of humic acid while adding water until the mixture is uniformly stirred and mixed; spraying dilute sulfuric acid solution, fully mixing uniformly, standing for 1 day, adding wood enzyme bacteria solution, fully mixing, stacking for fermentation, turning over after 3 days, spraying dilute sulfuric acid again, and continuing stacking for fermentation for 4 days to obtain semi-fermented material; the preparation method of the expanded vermiculite powder comprises the following steps: roasting vermiculite at 400 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain expanded vermiculite; the expanded vermiculite is crushed to the particle size of 50-100 meshes.
The preparation process of the biomass extracting solution comprises the following steps: washing sweet potato vine and rice straw, naturally drying in the air, crushing, adding 10 times of water, performing vibration extraction for 26 hours, filtering, and centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution a; naturally air-drying soybean straw, rice hull and rice straw, mixing in a weight ratio of 10:2:1, adding pepper continuous cropping soil and water, covering a film for constant temperature decomposition at 45 ℃, obtaining decomposed substances after decomposing for 15 days, mixing the decomposed substances with distilled water, stirring and mixing, centrifuging, and taking supernatant to obtain an extracting solution b; mixing the extracting solution a and the extracting solution b according to the weight ratio of 1:2 to obtain a biomass extracting solution.
Example 3
A method for improving continuous cropping soil of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
step S10, ploughing the pepper cultivation soil, controlling the ploughing depth to be 20cm, removing the ploughed soil, carrying out heat treatment on the ploughed soil with 1/2 for 20 minutes at 280 ℃, moving back the heat-treated ploughed soil when the heat is still hot, uniformly paving a layer of biomass charcoal with the thickness of 5cm on the surface of the heat-treated soil, then moving back all the ploughed soil without heat treatment, uniformly paving the biomass charcoal on the surface of the soil, covering a plastic film on the ground surface when the temperature of the soil is lower than 40 ℃, standing for 20 days, and removing the plastic film; controlling the temperature of the heat-treated ploughed soil during moving back to 130 ℃; the biomass charcoal is obtained by carbonizing corn straw and wheat straw in a weight ratio of 10:20, and the corn straw and the wheat straw are straw particles crushed to 2-5cm
Step S20, irrigating the soil, ploughing twice, controlling the ploughing depth to be 30cm, removing ploughed soil of 15cm twice, uniformly paving a layer of semi-fermented material on the exposed ground, uniformly paving the removed ploughed soil on the semi-fermented material, covering a plastic film, standing for 10 days, and removing the plastic film;
and step S30, uniformly spraying a biomass extracting solution on the surface of the soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass extracting solution is 50 kg/mu, applying a biological organic fertilizer, and carrying out three-time ploughing treatment, wherein the depth is controlled to be 30cm, so that the improvement of the continuous cropping soil of the hot pepper is completed.
The preparation of the semi-fermented material comprises the following steps: 25 parts of wood chips, 35 parts of edible fungus residues, 15 parts of vinasse, 14 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 12 parts of rice hulls and 8 parts of humic acid are stirred and mixed while water is added until the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly; spraying dilute sulfuric acid solution, fully mixing uniformly, standing for 1 day, adding wood enzyme bacteria solution, fully mixing, stacking for fermentation, turning over after 5 days, spraying dilute sulfuric acid again, and continuing stacking for fermentation for 6 days to obtain semi-fermented material; the preparation method of the expanded vermiculite powder comprises the following steps: roasting vermiculite at 600 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain expanded vermiculite; the expanded vermiculite is crushed to the particle size of 50-100 meshes.
The preparation process of the biomass extracting solution comprises the following steps: washing sweet potato vine and rice straw, naturally drying in the air, crushing, adding 18 times of water, performing vibration extraction for 26 hours, filtering, and centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution a; naturally air-drying soybean straw, rice hull and rice straw, mixing in a weight ratio of 10:8:6, adding pepper continuous cropping soil and water, covering a film for constant temperature decomposition at 45 ℃, obtaining decomposed substances after decomposing for 15 days, mixing the decomposed substances with distilled water, stirring and mixing, centrifuging, and taking supernatant to obtain an extracting solution b; mixing the extracting solution a and the extracting solution b according to the weight ratio of 1:6 to obtain a biomass extracting solution.
Example 4
A method for improving continuous cropping soil of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
step S10, ploughing the pepper cultivation soil, controlling the ploughing depth to be 10cm, removing the ploughed soil, carrying out heat treatment on the ploughed soil 1/4 at 250 ℃ for 15 minutes, moving back the heat-treated ploughed soil when the heat is still hot, uniformly paving a layer of biomass charcoal with the thickness of 4cm on the surface of the heat-treated soil, then moving back all the soil without heat treatment, uniformly paving the soil on the biomass charcoal, covering a plastic film on the ground surface when the temperature of the soil is lower than 40 ℃, standing for 18 days, and removing the plastic film; controlling the temperature of the heat-treated plowed soil during moving back to be 100 ℃; the biomass charcoal is a product obtained by carbonizing corn straws and wheat straws in a weight ratio of 10:10, and the corn straws and the wheat straws are straw particles crushed to 2-5 cm;
step S20, irrigating the soil, ploughing twice, controlling the ploughing depth to be 20cm, removing ploughed soil of 10cm twice, uniformly paving a layer of semi-fermented material on the exposed ground, uniformly paving the removed ploughed soil on the semi-fermented material, covering a plastic film, standing for 6 days, and removing the plastic film;
and step S30, uniformly spraying a biomass extracting solution on the surface of the soil, wherein the application amount of the biomass extracting solution is 40 kg/mu, applying a biological organic fertilizer, and carrying out three-time ploughing treatment, wherein the depth is controlled to be 28cm, so that the improvement of the continuous cropping soil of the hot pepper is completed.
The preparation of the semi-fermented material comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing 15 parts of wood chips, 30 parts of edible fungus residues, 7 parts of vinasse, 12 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 7 parts of rice hulls and 4 parts of humic acid while adding water until the mixture is uniformly stirred and mixed; spraying dilute sulfuric acid solution, fully mixing uniformly, standing for 1 day, adding wood enzyme bacteria solution, fully mixing, stacking for fermentation, turning over after 6 days, spraying dilute sulfuric acid again, and continuing stacking for fermentation for 8 days to obtain semi-fermented material; the preparation method of the expanded vermiculite powder comprises the following steps: roasting vermiculite at 550 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain expanded vermiculite; the expanded vermiculite is crushed to the particle size of 50-100 meshes.
The preparation process of the biomass extracting solution comprises the following steps: washing sweet potato vine and rice straw, naturally drying in the air, crushing, adding 12 times of water, performing vibration extraction for 26 hours, filtering, and centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution a; naturally air-drying soybean straw, rice hull and rice straw, mixing in a weight ratio of 10:5:5, adding pepper continuous cropping soil and water, covering a film for constant temperature decomposition at 45 ℃, obtaining decomposed substances after decomposing for 15 days, mixing the decomposed substances with distilled water, stirring and mixing, centrifuging, and taking supernatant to obtain an extracting solution b; mixing the extracting solution a and the extracting solution b according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to obtain a biomass extracting solution.
Comparative example
The treatment of the continuous cropping soil of the peppers comprises the following steps:
step S10, ploughing the chili cultivation soil, wherein the ploughing depth is controlled to be 15 cm;
and step S20, uniformly applying the bio-organic fertilizer on the soil surface, and carrying out secondary plowing treatment, wherein the depth is controlled to be 25 cm.
Examples of the experiments
To further illustrate the technological advancement of the present invention, experiments are now taken to further illustrate it.
The field test is carried out in a pepper greenhouse of 5 years of continuous cropping, two fields are arranged for the test, the field 1 is treated by the method for improving the pepper continuous cropping soil of the embodiment 1 of the invention, the field 2 is treated by the method of a comparative example, the pepper is planted in the field 1 and the field 2 in the same planting mode, the plant height, the single plant yield and the acre yield are recorded, the pepper seedling survival rate and the acre yield increase are calculated, and the results are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving continuous cropping soil of hot peppers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, ploughing the pepper cultivation soil, controlling the ploughing depth to be 8-20cm, removing the ploughed soil, carrying out heat treatment on the ploughed soil removed at 1/3-1/2 at the temperature of 200-;
step S20, irrigating the soil, ploughing twice, controlling the ploughing depth to be 15-30cm, removing ploughed soil with the depth of 6-15cm twice, uniformly paving a layer of semi-fermented material on the exposed ground, uniformly paving the removed ploughed soil on the semi-fermented material, covering a plastic film, standing for 5-10 days, and removing the plastic film;
and step S30, uniformly spraying a biomass extracting solution on the surface of the soil, applying a bio-organic fertilizer, and performing three-time tillage treatment to complete the improvement of the continuous cropping soil of the pepper.
2. The improvement method according to claim 1, wherein in step S10, the biomass charcoal is a product obtained by carbonizing corn stalks and wheat stalks in a weight ratio of 10: 5-20.
3. The improved method of claim 1, wherein the step S20, the preparation of the semi-fermented material comprises the steps of: 10-25 parts of wood chips, 10-35 parts of edible fungus residues, 5-15 parts of vinasse, 5-14 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 5-12 parts of rice hulls and 2-8 parts of humic acid are stirred and mixed while water is added until the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly; spraying dilute sulfuric acid solution, fully mixing, standing for 1 day, adding xylanase liquid, fully mixing, stacking, fermenting for 3-5 days, turning over, spraying dilute sulfuric acid again, and continuously stacking and fermenting for 4-6 days to obtain semi-fermented material.
4. The improvement method according to claim 3, wherein the edible fungi residue comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of mushroom fungi residue, agaric fungi residue, tremella fungi residue and mushroom fungi residue.
5. The improved process of claim 3, wherein the preparation of expanded vermiculite powder comprises: roasting vermiculite at 400-600 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain expanded vermiculite; the expanded vermiculite is crushed to the particle size of 50-100 meshes.
6. The improved method of claim 1, wherein in step S30, the process for preparing the biomass extract comprises: washing sweet potato vines and rice straws, naturally drying in the air, crushing, adding 10-18 times of water, performing vibration leaching for 26 hours, filtering, and centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution a; naturally air-drying soybean straw, rice hull and rice straw, mixing in a weight ratio of 10:2-8:1-6, adding pepper continuous cropping soil and water, covering a film for constant temperature decomposition at 45 ℃, obtaining a decomposition product after decomposition for 15 days, mixing the decomposition product with distilled water, stirring and mixing, centrifuging, and taking supernatant to obtain an extracting solution b; and mixing the extracting solution a and the extracting solution b to obtain the biomass extracting solution.
7. The improved method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the weight ratio of the extractive solution a to the extractive solution b is 1: 2-6.
8. The improved method of claim 1, wherein in step S30, the biomass extract is applied in an amount of 15-50 kg/acre.
9. The improved method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S30, the depth of the three plows is controlled to 20-30 cm.
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| CN202011567667.1A CN112703850B (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Method for improving continuous cropping soil of hot peppers |
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| CN112703850A true CN112703850A (en) | 2021-04-27 |
| CN112703850B CN112703850B (en) | 2021-09-28 |
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| CN115812540A (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2023-03-21 | 山东实力农业股份有限公司 | Planting method for improving continuous cropping pepper yield |
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