CN112676779A - Forming method of large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular piece - Google Patents
Forming method of large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular piece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for forming a large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular piece, which comprises the following steps: dividing the annular piece model into N arc-shaped piece models along the circumferential direction according to the model size of the annular piece; designing a hot forming process piece and designing a hot forming die; determining the size of a required blank, blanking, performing a blank circle obtained by blanking, and preparing a circle preformed piece; performing thermoforming on the ring-shaped preform by using a thermoforming mold to obtain a thermoforming process piece; removing the process allowance of the thermal forming process piece, and preparing to obtain an arc-shaped piece; carrying out surface treatment on the N arc-shaped pieces; assembling N arc-shaped parts subjected to surface treatment, and welding to obtain a ring-shaped part; and correcting the welded annular piece. The invention adopts the metal plate preforming, hot forming and welding composite forming technology, and adopts the most appropriate forming technology at different parts, thereby integrally realizing the precise forming of parts, effectively reducing the subsequent processing amount, avoiding the subsequent manual correction, improving the efficiency and reducing the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precision sheet metal machining, and particularly relates to a forming method of a large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular piece.
Background
The large-size annular structure is widely applied in the fields of aerospace, weaponry and the like. In the aerospace field, the molded surface complexity and the light weight degree of an annular structural member product are higher and higher, and the manufacturing precision requirement is higher and higher. The common manufacturing method of the thin-wall annular part mainly comprises two methods of spinning forming and circular welding composite manufacturing. However, spin forming has high requirements on equipment and low forming efficiency. The ring-circle welding composite manufacturing method is limited by the structural characteristics of parts and is only suitable for simple profile annular members.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a reasonably efficient forming method to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research, provides a method for forming a large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular piece, can overcome the defects of high requirement on equipment, difficult appearance precision control or higher cost in the prior art, and effectively ensures the precise forming of the large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular piece, thereby completing the invention.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for forming a large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part comprises the following steps:
step 7, assembling N arc-shaped pieces subjected to surface treatment in the step 6, and welding to obtain a ring-shaped piece;
and 8, correcting the welded ring piece.
The forming method of the large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the forming method of the large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular piece, the annular piece is reasonably split into the arc-shaped piece, so that the processing difficulty of a product is reduced and the quality of the product is ensured under the condition that the workload is not excessively increased;
(2) according to the forming method of the large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part, the forming difficulty can be greatly reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the batch processing quality is ensured by designing the hot forming die, the three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting die, the arc part welding tool and the shape correcting tool;
(3) according to the forming method of the large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part, the metal plate preforming, hot forming and welding composite forming technology is adopted, the most suitable forming technology is adopted for different parts, and the size precision, the profile precision and the surface quality of the arc-shaped part are high, so that the precision forming of the part is integrally realized, the subsequent processing amount can be effectively reduced, the subsequent manual shape correction is avoided, the efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for forming a large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary construction of a large-sized thin-walled annular member;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a complex curve of a large-sized thin-walled annular part;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary schematic diagram of an arc segment;
FIG. 5 is an exemplary schematic view of a thermoformed work piece;
FIG. 6 is an exemplary schematic view of a thermoforming mold;
FIG. 7 is an exemplary schematic view of a circled preform;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting die;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a non-cutting point existing on a laser cutting path;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an arc-shaped member welding tool;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a partial structure of an arc-shaped member welding tool;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the installation of an inner pressure plate and a tool inner ring in the arc-shaped member welding tool;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a sizing tool;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a split type outer die in the sizing tool.
Description of the reference numerals
1-upper mould; 11-processing a boss; 2-lower mould; 21-processing a groove; 3-a die holder; 4-a free-form magnet; 5-tooling an inner ring; 6-inner pressing plate; 7-outer pressing plate; 8-copper groove; 9-external mold; 10-core mold.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.
The invention provides a method for forming a large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular piece, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step 7, assembling N arc-shaped pieces subjected to surface treatment in the step 6, and welding to obtain a ring-shaped piece;
and 8, correcting the welded ring piece.
In the invention, in step 1, in the step of dividing the annular part model into N arc part models along the circumferential direction, the wall thickness δ h of the annular part is 0.5-5 mm, the number of the arc parts satisfies 2 ≦ N ≦ 8, the chord length corresponding to the divided arc parts is generally not greater than 1000mm, and the arch height is generally not greater than 400 mm.
In the invention, in step 2, as shown in fig. 5, the designed hot forming process piece has process margins in both the width direction and the arc length direction, wherein the process rib grooves are additionally arranged on two sides of the original arc piece in the width direction, so that the generation of wrinkle defects in the subsequent forming process is prevented; the arc length is increased correspondingly at two ends in the arc length direction.
As shown in fig. 6, the thermoforming mold comprises an upper mold 1 and a lower mold 2, wherein the upper mold surface follows the arc surface of the concave surface of the arc-shaped part, the lower mold surface follows the convex arc surface of the arc-shaped part, two arc-shaped process bosses 11 are designed on two sides of the upper mold surface, two arc-shaped process grooves 21 are designed on two sides of the lower mold surface, and the process bosses 11 are matched with the process grooves 21 and used for processing process rib grooves.
In the present invention, in step 3, the blankWidth D ═ L of materialj+Ly1，LjIs a ring member with a cross-sectional developed length of Ly1Is the width direction process margin, the process margin Ly1Typically (50-200) mm; the length L of the blank is Lh+Ly2，LhThe arc length corresponding to the maximum arc of the arc-shaped part, Ly2Is the process allowance in the length direction, the process allowance Ly2Typically (10-200) mm.
The preformed circle of the plate blank can be formed into a circle by a two-roller circle forming machine, a three-roller circle forming machine or a four-roller circle forming machine, and the preformed circle after being formed into a circle by the two-roller circle forming machine has no straight line segment, and the preformed circle is preferably formed into a circle by the two-roller circle forming machine, so that the circle radius R of the obtained preformed circle is close to the maximum outer diameter Rm of the arc-shaped part, as shown in FIG. 7.
In the invention, in step 4, the hot forming temperature T is selected according to the product material, and when the material is aluminum alloy, the forming temperature T is generally 300-400 ℃; when the material is titanium alloy, the forming temperature T is generally 600-750 ℃; when the material is a superalloy, the forming temperature T is typically 800-900 ℃. The forming force P is generally selected according to the size of the arc-shaped part, and the larger the projection area of the arc-shaped part is, the larger the yield stress of the material is, and the larger the forming force P is. The forming dwell time t is generally different from 5 to 30 min.
In the invention, in step 5, the process margin can be removed by using process methods such as linear cutting, machining, three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting and the like, and preferably, three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting is adopted. As shown in fig. 8, the three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting die comprises a die holder 3 and a conformal magnet 4, the die holder 3 is made of magnetic steel, an upper surface of the die holder 3 is conformal to a concave surface of an arc-shaped part, and the peripheral size of the upper surface of the die holder is smaller than that of the arc-shaped surface of a thermal forming process part, so that a laser cutting path is arranged outside the upper surface of the die holder. Before laser cutting, the thermal forming process piece is placed on a die holder 3 of a laser cutting die, a free-form magnet 4 is buckled on the thermal forming process piece, and the thermal forming process piece is fixed through magnetic force.
When three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting is adopted, the laser output power is 2000-4000W, and along with the increase of the wall thickness delta h of the arc-shaped part, the laser output power is increased in the range; the cutting rate is 1-5 m/min, and the cutting rate is reduced in the range along with the increase of the wall thickness delta h of the arc-shaped part.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 9, when three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting is adopted, a plurality of non-cutting points exist on a laser cutting route, so that the process allowance after cutting is connected with the arc-shaped part through the non-cutting points, preferably, the non-cutting points are located near an inflection point of the laser cutting route, and are subsequently disconnected through machining, and the non-cutting points are arranged to avoid deformation of the structural part and cutting errors caused by the deformation in the laser cutting process.
In the invention, in step 6, the N arc-shaped pieces in step 5 are subjected to surface treatment, wherein the surface treatment comprises the operations of pickling, sand blasting or polishing and the like on two ends of the arc-shaped pieces so as to facilitate subsequent welding.
In the invention, in step 7, an arc-shaped part welding tool is adopted to assemble and weld N arc-shaped parts after surface treatment, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the arc-shaped part welding tool comprises a tool inner ring 5, an inner pressing plate 6, an outer pressing plate 7 and copper grooves 8, and the number Nt of the copper grooves 8 satisfies: n, the number Nn of inner platens 6 and the number Nw of outer platens 7 satisfy: nn ≧ Nw ≧ 2N, preferably 3N; the inner pressing plates 6 positioned at the butt joint of the arc-shaped pieces are close to each other in pairs, and are fixed on the outer molded surface of the tool inner ring 5 through threaded connecting pieces such as bolts for supporting the arc-shaped pieces; copper grooves 8 are fixed between every two adjacent inner pressing plates 6, the height of each copper groove 8 is lower than that of each inner pressing plate 6, and a recess is formed between the two inner pressing plates 6 and is used for enabling two ends of the arc-shaped piece to be welded after being butted above the copper grooves 8; the outer pressing plate 7 is fixed on the outer molded surface of the tool inner ring 5 through threaded connecting pieces respectively, and the outer pressing plate 7 is located on the outer side of the inner pressing plate 6 and used for being matched with the inner pressing plate 6 to tightly press two sides of the arc-shaped part.
When the number Nn of the inner pressing plates 6 and the number Nw of the outer pressing plates 7 are greater than 2N, the remaining inner pressing plates 6 and the outer pressing plates 7 are arranged in the length interval of the arc-shaped part except the inner pressing plates 6 and the outer pressing plates 7 at the two ends of the fixed arc-shaped part so as to reduce the deformation of the arc-shaped part, wherein the position relation between the inner pressing plates 6 and the outer pressing plates 7 and the connection mode with the tool inner ring 5 are unchanged.
The inventor finds that when different arc-shaped members are fixed, due to the fact that factors such as the width of the arc-shaped members can cause incomplete pressing of the inner pressing plate 6, the outer pressing plate 7 and the arc-shaped members, the inventor determines that thread through holes are formed in the inner pressing plate 6 and the outer pressing plate 7, jackscrews are installed in the thread through holes, and when the incomplete pressing of the inner pressing plate 6, the outer pressing plate 7 and the arc-shaped members occurs, further jacking of the arc-shaped members is conducted by adjusting the screwing amount of the jackscrews.
The inventor finds that after welding is completed, due to the fact that the arc-shaped part forms a closed annular part and the inner pressing plate 6 is blocked, the arc-shaped part is difficult to separate from the welding tool, and therefore the invention determines to solve the problem by radially moving the inner pressing plate 6. Specifically, as shown in fig. 12, a groove allowing the inner pressing plate 6 to enter is formed in an area, corresponding to the inner pressing plate 6, on the outer wall of the tool inner ring 5, a radial threaded through hole is formed inside the groove, one end of the threaded connecting piece is connected with the inner pressing plate 6, the inner pressing plate 6 can rotate freely without driving the inner pressing plate 6 to rotate, the other end of the threaded connecting piece extends into the radial threaded through hole to implement threaded fit, the radial position of the inner pressing plate 6 is changed by adjusting the screwing amount of the threaded connecting piece, the inner pressing plate 6 moves inwards by screwing the threaded connecting piece after welding is completed, and the ring-shaped piece can be easily separated from the arc-shaped piece welding tool.
During assembly before welding, fix inner pressing plate 6 and copper groove 8 on the outer profile of frock inner ring 5 through threaded connection spare earlier, twist and move to target in place, place an arc piece on inner pressing plate 6, the arc piece both ends correspond the center of both ends copper groove 8 respectively, install outer clamp plate 7 respectively on frock inner ring 5, compress tightly the arc piece to fix with the bolt, install the frock with surplus arc and outer clamp plate 7 in proper order. Screwing the jackscrews on the inner pressing plate 6 and the outer pressing plate 7, fixing the N arc-shaped parts, ensuring that the butt joint gap d of every two arc-shaped parts is less than or equal to delta h/10, wherein the delta h is the wall thickness of the arc-shaped parts, and carrying out welding, wherein argon arc welding, laser welding and vacuum electron beam welding can be selected for welding, and laser welding is preferred.
In the invention, in step 8, the welded ring-shaped element is corrected by using a correction tool, as shown in fig. 13 and 14, the correction tool comprises a split outer die 9 and a core die 10, the assembled split outer die 9 is of a hollow ring-shaped structure, the inner part of the assembled split outer die is in interference fit with the core die 10, the outer ring surface follows the inner ring surface of the target ring-shaped element, and the ring-shaped element is corrected by matching the core die 10 with the outer die 9 and performing high-temperature treatment.
The forming method of the large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular piece adopts the metal plate preforming, hot forming and welding composite forming technology, and adopts the most appropriate forming technology at different parts, so that the precision forming of the part is integrally realized, the subsequent processing amount can be effectively reduced, the subsequent manual shape correction is avoided, the efficiency is improved, the cost is reduced, the precision of the prepared annular piece reaches +/-0.3-2 mm, and the smaller the maximum overall dimension of the annular piece is, the higher the precision is.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A forming method of a large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, dividing a ring-shaped piece model into N arc-shaped piece models along the circumferential direction according to the size of the ring-shaped piece model;
step 2, designing a thermal forming process part according to the arc part model, and designing a thermal forming die;
step 3, determining the size of a required blank according to the external dimension of the hot forming process piece, blanking, performing circle pre-forming on the plate blank obtained by blanking, and preparing a circle pre-forming piece;
step 4, performing thermoforming on the ring-shaped preformed piece by using a thermoforming mold to obtain a thermoforming process piece;
step 5, removing the process allowance of the thermal forming process piece formed in the step 4, and preparing an arc-shaped piece;
step 6, carrying out surface treatment on the N arc-shaped pieces in the step 5;
step 7, assembling N arc-shaped pieces subjected to surface treatment in the step 6, and welding to obtain a ring-shaped piece;
and 8, correcting the welded ring piece.
2. The method for forming the large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, in the step of dividing the annular part model into the N arc-shaped part models along the circumferential direction, the number of the divided arc-shaped parts is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N and less than or equal to 8, the chord length corresponding to the divided arc-shaped part is not more than 1000mm, and the arch height is not more than 400 mm.
3. A forming method of a large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2, the designed hot forming process part has process allowance in both width direction and arc length direction, wherein the width direction is additionally provided with process rib grooves on two sides of the original arc part.
4. The forming method of large-size thin-wall complex curved-section annular parts according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the hot forming die comprises an upper die (1) and a lower die (2), the upper die profile follows the arc surface of the concave surface of the arc-shaped part, the lower die profile follows the convex arc surface of the arc-shaped part, two arc-shaped technological bosses (11) are designed on two sides of the upper die profile, two arc-shaped technological grooves (21) are designed on two sides of the lower die profile, and the technological bosses (11) are matched with the technological grooves (21) and used for machining technological rib grooves.
5. The method for forming the large-size thin-wall complex-curve section annular member according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the width D-L of the blank isj+Ly1，LjIs a ring member with a cross-sectional developed length of Ly1Is the width direction process margin, the process margin Ly150-200 mm; the length L of the blank is Lh+Ly2，LhThe arc length corresponding to the maximum arc of the arc-shaped part, Ly2Is the process allowance in the length direction, the process allowance Ly210 to 200 mm.
6. The forming method of large-size thin-wall complex curved section annular parts according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 5, the process margin is removed by using a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting die, the three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting die comprises a die holder (3) and a form following magnet (4), the die holder (3) is made of magnetic steel, the upper surface of the die holder (3) follows the concave surface of the arc-shaped part, and the peripheral dimension of the upper surface is smaller than that of the arc-shaped surface of the thermal forming process part, so that the laser cutting route is arranged outside the upper surface of the die holder; the conformal magnet (4) is arranged on the thermal forming process piece, and the thermal forming process piece is fixed through magnetic force.
7. The forming method of the large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part as claimed in claim 6, wherein when the process allowance is removed by adopting the three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting die, a plurality of non-cutting points exist on the laser cutting route, so that the cut process allowance is connected with the arc-shaped part through the non-cutting points, and the non-cutting points are subsequently disconnected through machining.
8. The forming method of the large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part as claimed in claim 6, wherein when the three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting die is adopted to remove the process margin, the laser output power is 2000-4000W, and the laser output power is increased within the range along with the increase of the wall thickness δ h of the arc-shaped part; the cutting rate is 1-5 m/min, and the cutting rate is reduced in the range along with the increase of the wall thickness delta h of the arc-shaped part.
9. The forming method of the large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 7, an arc part welding tool is adopted to assemble and weld N arc parts after surface treatment, the arc part welding tool comprises a tool inner ring (5), an inner pressing plate (6), an outer pressing plate (7) and copper grooves (8), and the number Nt of the copper grooves (8) satisfies: nt is equal to N, and the number Nn of the inner pressing plates (6) and the number Nw of the outer pressing plates (7) meet the following requirements: nn is more than or equal to 2N;
the inner pressing plates (6) positioned at the butt joint of the arc-shaped pieces are close to each other in pairs, and are fixed on the outer molded surface of the tool inner ring (5) through threaded connecting pieces and used for supporting the arc-shaped pieces; copper grooves (8) are fixed between every two adjacent inner pressing plates (6), the height of each copper groove (8) is lower than that of each inner pressing plate (6), a depression is formed between the two inner pressing plates (6), and the two ends of each arc-shaped piece are butted above the copper grooves (8) and then welded; the outer pressing plate (7) is fixed on the outer molded surface of the tool inner ring (5) through threaded connecting pieces respectively, and the outer pressing plate (7) is located on the outer side of the inner pressing plate (6) and used for being matched with the inner pressing plate (6) to tightly press the two sides of the arc-shaped part.
10. The forming method of the large-size thin-wall complex curve section annular part as claimed in claim 9, wherein the inner pressing plate (6) and the outer pressing plate (7) are provided with threaded through holes, jackscrews are installed in the threaded through holes, and when the inner pressing plate (6) and the outer pressing plate (7) and the arc-shaped part are incompletely pressed, the arc-shaped part is tightly pressed by adjusting the screwing amount of the jackscrews; and/or
The utility model discloses a welding fixture, including frock inner ring (5), the recess that allows interior clamp plate (6) to get into is seted up to the region that corresponds interior clamp plate (6) on the outer wall of frock inner ring (5), radial screw thread through-hole is seted up to the recess inside, threaded connection spare one end is connected with interior clamp plate (6), can be including in clamp plate (6) free rotation and not drive interior clamp plate (6) and rotate, the other end stretches into and implements screw-thread fit in the radial screw thread through-hole, the radial position that advances volume through adjustment threaded connection spare and make interior clamp plate (6) changes soon, after the welding is accomplished, it makes interior clamp plate (6) internal shift to advance threaded connection spare soon, the loop forming element breaks away.
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| CN113523721A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-22 | 江苏振江新能源装备股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of three-lobe stator component and three-lobe stator component |
| CN114434092A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-05-06 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Production method of aviation plate frame type complex parts |
| CN117910171A (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-04-19 | 季华实验室 | Lower die following type rib reinforcing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN117910171B (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-05-28 | 季华实验室 | Lower die following type rib reinforcing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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