CN112670515A - Preparation method of iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material - Google Patents
Preparation method of iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A preparation method of a high-filling-rate iron/iron carbide carbon nanotube lithium-sulfur battery cathode material belongs to the field of electrochemical energy storage of new energy materials, and adopts volatile iron salt as a catalyst precursor, hydrocarbon as a carbon source, nitrogen as a protective gas and hydrogen as a reducing gas to synthesize an iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube in a tubular furnace by a floating catalysis chemical vapor deposition method. And compounding the obtained iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube with sulfur to finally prepare the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material. The method has the advantages of simple preparation process, environmental friendliness and easiness in large-scale preparation, the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube not only improves the conductivity of the electrode material, but also improves the catalytic conversion capability of polysulfide serving as an intermediate product of the lithium-sulfur battery, the shuttle effect of the polysulfide is effectively inhibited, and the prepared electrode material has good electrochemical performance in the lithium-sulfur battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon nanotube lithium-sulfur battery anode material with high iron/iron carbide filling rate, belonging to the field of electrochemical energy storage of new energy materials.
Background
The lithium sulfur battery is known as one of secondary batteries with the greatest development prospect in the 21 st century because of higher theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh/g) and extremely high theoretical energy density (2600Wh/kg), and the elemental sulfur has the characteristics of abundant storage capacity in the earth, low cost, environmental friendliness and the like, and has wide application prospect in electrochemical energy storage. However, the practical application of the lithium-sulfur battery has many limitations, and the problems of poor conductivity of sulfur, shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide as an intermediate product in a cycle process, volume expansion of a battery material in a charge-discharge process and the like exist, and the problems have a great influence on the electrochemical performance of the lithium-sulfur battery.
The carbon material is an auxiliary material adopted by a common lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, porous carbon and the like. The carbon nano tube has good conductivity, so that the conductivity of the lithium-sulfur battery anode material can be increased, the catalytic activity of the material can be increased by introducing the transition metal into the carbon nano tube, the catalytic conversion of polysulfide is improved, and the shuttle effect of polysulfide can be effectively inhibited.
The preparation method of the metal-filled carbon nanotube generally comprises in-situ filling and post-filling, wherein the in-situ filling method is widely researched due to the advantages of simple synthesis process, low cost and the like. However, the filling degree of the metal-filled carbon nanotubes prepared at present is relatively low, and the low filling affects the catalytic activity of the metal-filled carbon nanotubes, so how to prepare the metal-filled carbon nanotubes with high filling rate still faces a great challenge.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a carbon nanotube material with high iron/iron carbide filling rate, which can be used as a lithium-sulfur battery cathode material.
In order to achieve the purpose and solve the problems in the prior art, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the preparation method of the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparing the carbon nano tube with high iron/iron carbide filling rate, weighing 1-3 g of anhydrous ferric trichloride, placing the anhydrous ferric trichloride in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a low-temperature area of a quartz tube in a double-section furnace, taking inert gas as carrier gas, hydrocarbon as carbon source and hydrogen as reducing gas, and carrying out chemical vapor deposition reaction for 30-60 minutes in a high-temperature area of the quartz tube in the double-section furnace to obtain the carbon nano tube with high iron/iron carbide filling rate.
The low-temperature zone temperature of the double-section furnace is between 100 and 350 ℃, the high-temperature zone temperature is between 700 and 1000 ℃, and the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.
The hydrocarbon is at least one selected from ethylene, acetylene, toluene and dichlorotoluene.
The flow rate of the hydrocarbon introduced into the quartz tube is 5-20 mL/min, and the flow rate of the hydrogen introduced into the quartz tube is 50-200 mL/min; the flow rate of the inert gas carrier gas is 50-300 mL/min.
(2) Preparing an iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube sulfur composite material, namely mixing the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube prepared in the step 1 and sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 2: 8, mixing and dissolving in 5-20ml of carbon disulfide; stirring until carbon disulfide is completely volatilized, transferring the mixed material into a closed stainless steel reaction kettle, filling argon, transferring the reaction kettle into an oven, heating to 155 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 12 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube sulfur composite material.
(3) And (3) mixing the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube sulfur composite material prepared in the step (2) with carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride according to the weight ratio of 7: 2: 1, adding a solvent N-methyl pyrrolidone, stirring for 12 hours to prepare slurry, coating the slurry on an aluminum foil, transferring the coated aluminum foil into an oven, drying for 12 hours at 80 ℃, and cutting to obtain the lithium-sulfur battery positive plate with the size of 1 x 1 cm.
(4) Taking the lithium-sulfur battery positive plate obtained in the step 3 as a positive electrode, taking a lithium plate as a negative electrode, taking polypropylene as a diaphragm, and dissolving the diaphragm in a 1, 3-dioxolane and glycol dimethyl ether solvent with the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a solution with the concentration of 1mol L-1LiTFSI solution as electrolyte, LiNO with mass fraction of 2% is added3As an additive, the cells were assembled in a glove box filled with argon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method of the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material has the following advantages: (1) the iron/iron carbide filled carbon nano tube is synthesized by one step by adopting a floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition method, so that the high filling rate of the iron/iron carbide in the cavity inside the carbon nano tube is realized, and the preparation method is simple and easy to implement; (2) the prepared material is used as an electrode material of a lithium-sulfur battery to show good electrochemical performance, the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube not only improves the conductivity of the electrode material, but also increases the catalytic activity of the electrode material, improves the catalytic conversion capacity of polysulfide serving as an intermediate product of the lithium-sulfur battery, effectively inhibits the shuttle effect of the polysulfide, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the iron/iron carbide high-filling carbon nanotube of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a transmission electron micrograph of the iron/iron carbide high-filling carbon nanotube of example 1.
FIG. 3 is the XRD spectra of the iron/iron carbide high-filling carbon nanotube and iron/iron carbide high-filling carbon nanotube sulfur composite of example 1.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the cycling performance and coulombic efficiency of the assembled lithium sulfur battery of example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
Weighing 1.5g of anhydrous ferric trichloride, placing the anhydrous ferric trichloride in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a quartz tube, placing the porcelain boat in a tube furnace, introducing inert gas nitrogen as protective gas, setting the heating rate of the tube furnace to 10 ℃/min, heating to 850 ℃, and sending the volatilized anhydrous ferric trichloride to a high-temperature region by the inert gas. Introducing ethylene at a rate of 20 mL/min, introducing hydrogen at a rate of 100 mL/min, carrying out chemical vapor deposition reaction with volatilized gaseous anhydrous ferric trichloride in a high-temperature region of the tube furnace, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and collecting a black film generated on the wall of the quartz tube to obtain the iron/iron carbide filled carbon nanotube with high filling rate. Mixing the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube with sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 2: 8, dissolving the mixture in 20mL of carbon disulfide, stirring the mixture until the carbon disulfide is completely volatilized to uniformly mix the carbon disulfide and the carbon disulfide, transferring the mixture into a closed stainless steel reaction kettle, filling argon into the reaction kettle, transferring the reaction kettle into an oven, heating the reaction kettle to 155 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 12 hours to obtain the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube sulfur composite material. Mixing the obtained iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube sulfur composite material with carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride according to the mass ratio of 7: 2: 1, adding a solvent N-methyl pyrrolidone, stirring for 12 hours to prepare slurry, coating the obtained slurry on an aluminum foil, transferring the coated aluminum foil into an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and cutting to obtain the lithium-sulfur battery positive plate with the size of 1 x 1 cm. The obtained positive plate of the lithium-sulfur battery is taken as a positive electrode, the lithium plate is taken as a negative electrode, polypropylene is taken as a diaphragm, LiTFSI solution with the concentration of 1mol L < -1 > dissolved in 1, 3-dioxolane and glycol dimethyl ether solvent with the volume ratio of 1:1 is taken as electrolyte, 2wt percent LiNO3 is added to be taken as additive, and the battery is assembled in a glove box filled with argon, wherein the battery model is a CR2025 button battery.
Example 2
Weighing 1g of anhydrous ferric trichloride, placing the anhydrous ferric trichloride in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a quartz tube, placing the porcelain boat in a tube furnace, introducing inert gas nitrogen as protective gas, setting the heating rate of the tube furnace to 10 ℃/min, heating to 750 ℃, and sending the volatilized anhydrous ferric trichloride to a high-temperature region by the inert gas. Introducing ethylene at a rate of 10 mL/min, introducing hydrogen at a rate of 200mL/min, carrying out chemical vapor deposition reaction with volatilized gaseous anhydrous ferric trichloride in a high-temperature region of the tubular furnace, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and collecting a black film generated on the wall of the quartz tube to obtain the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube. Mixing the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube with sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 2: 8, mixing, dissolving in 20mL of carbon disulfide, stirring until the carbon disulfide is completely volatilized to uniformly mix the carbon disulfide and the carbon disulfide, transferring the mixture into a closed stainless steel reaction kettle, filling argon into the reaction kettle, transferring the mixture into an oven, heating the mixture to 155 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 12 hours to obtain the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube sulfur composite material, and mixing the obtained iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube sulfur composite material with carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride according to a mass ratio of 7: 2: 1, adding a solvent N-methyl pyrrolidone, stirring for 12 hours to prepare slurry, coating the obtained slurry on an aluminum foil, transferring the coated aluminum foil into an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and cutting to obtain the lithium-sulfur battery positive plate with the size of 1 x 1 cm. The obtained positive plate of the lithium-sulfur battery is taken as a positive electrode, a lithium plate is taken as a negative electrode, polypropylene is taken as a diaphragm, LiTFSI solution with the concentration of 1mol L-1 dissolved in 1, 3-dioxolane and glycol dimethyl ether solvent with the volume ratio of 1:1 is taken as electrolyte, 2wt% of LiNO3 is added to be taken as additive, the battery is assembled in a glove box filled with argon, and the electrochemical performance of the battery is measured.
Example 3
Weighing 2g of anhydrous ferric trichloride, placing the anhydrous ferric trichloride in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a quartz tube, placing the porcelain boat in a tube furnace, introducing inert gas nitrogen as protective gas, setting the heating rate of the tube furnace to 10 ℃/min, heating to 950 ℃, and sending the volatilized anhydrous ferric trichloride to a high-temperature region by the inert gas. Introducing ethylene at a rate of 20 mL/min, introducing hydrogen at a rate of 100 mL/min, carrying out chemical vapor deposition reaction with volatilized gaseous anhydrous ferric trichloride in a high-temperature region of the tubular furnace, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and collecting a black film generated on the wall of the quartz tube to obtain the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube. Mixing the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube with sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 2: 8, mixing, dissolving in 20mL of carbon disulfide, stirring until the carbon disulfide is completely volatilized to uniformly mix the carbon disulfide and the carbon disulfide, transferring the mixture into a closed stainless steel reaction kettle, filling argon into the reaction kettle, transferring the mixture into an oven, heating the mixture to 155 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 12 hours to obtain the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube sulfur composite material, assembling the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube sulfur composite material into a lithium sulfur battery, and measuring the electrochemical performance of the lithium sulfur battery.
Example 4
Weighing 1g of anhydrous ferric trichloride, placing the anhydrous ferric trichloride in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a quartz tube, placing the porcelain boat in a tube furnace, introducing inert gas nitrogen as protective gas, setting the heating rate of the tube furnace to 10 ℃/min, heating to 850 ℃, and sending the volatilized anhydrous ferric trichloride to a high-temperature region by the inert gas. Introducing toluene at a rate of 10 mL/min, introducing hydrogen at a rate of 100 mL/min, carrying out chemical vapor deposition reaction with volatilized gaseous anhydrous ferric trichloride in a high-temperature region of the tubular furnace, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and collecting a black film generated on the wall of the quartz tube to obtain the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube. Mixing the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube with sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 2: 8, mixing, dissolving in 20mL of carbon disulfide, stirring until the carbon disulfide is completely volatilized to uniformly mix the carbon disulfide and the carbon disulfide, transferring the mixture into a closed stainless steel reaction kettle, filling argon into the reaction kettle, transferring the mixture into an oven, heating the mixture to 155 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 12 hours to obtain the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube sulfur composite material, assembling the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube sulfur composite material into a lithium sulfur battery, and measuring the electrochemical performance of the lithium sulfur battery.
Example 5
Weighing 0.5g of anhydrous ferric trichloride, placing the anhydrous ferric trichloride in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a quartz tube, placing the porcelain boat in a tube furnace, introducing inert gas nitrogen as protective gas, setting the heating rate of the tube furnace to 10 ℃/min, heating to 850 ℃, and sending the volatilized anhydrous ferric trichloride to a high-temperature region by the inert gas. Introducing ethylene at a rate of 20 mL/min, introducing hydrogen at a rate of 200mL/min, carrying out chemical vapor deposition reaction with volatilized gaseous anhydrous ferric trichloride in a high-temperature region of the tube furnace, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and collecting a black film generated on the wall of the quartz tube to obtain the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube. Mixing the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube with sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 2: 8, mixing, dissolving in 10 mL of carbon disulfide, stirring until the carbon disulfide is completely volatilized to uniformly mix the carbon disulfide and the carbon disulfide, transferring the mixture into a closed stainless steel reaction kettle, filling argon into the reaction kettle, transferring the mixture into an oven, heating the mixture to 155 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 12 hours to obtain the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube sulfur composite material, assembling the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube sulfur composite material into a lithium sulfur battery, and measuring the electrochemical performance of the lithium sulfur battery.
Example 6
The iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube and the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube sulfur composite material obtained in example 1 were characterized and assembled into a lithium sulfur battery for performance testing. FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the iron/iron carbide high-filling carbon nanotube of example 1, and FIG. 2 is a transmission electron micrograph of the iron/iron carbide high-filling carbon nanotube of example 1. As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the iron/iron carbide high-filling-ratio carbon nanotubes obtained in example 1 were filled continuously and had a high filling ratio. FIG. 3 is the XRD spectra of the iron/iron carbide high-filling carbon nanotube and iron/iron carbide high-filling carbon nanotube sulfur composite of example 1. It can be seen from fig. 3 that characteristic peaks of α -iron and iron carbide are shown, indicating that the filler in the carbon nanotubes is iron/iron carbide. The iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nanotube sulfur composite material obtained in the example 1 is assembled into a lithium sulfur battery, a battery tester is adopted to perform performance test on the battery, and the charging and discharging voltage is limited to 1.7-2.8V.
Fig. 4 shows a graph of the cycling performance and coulombic efficiency of the assembled lithium sulfur battery of example 1 at 1C current density for 500 cycles. As shown in the figure, the capacity of the battery is kept above 400mAh/g after 500 cycles, the coulombic efficiency is close to 100%, and the battery has good long-cycle stability.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of a carbon nanotube lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material with high iron/iron carbide filling rate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a carbon nano tube with iron/iron carbide high filling rate, weighing 1-3 g of anhydrous ferric trichloride, placing the anhydrous ferric trichloride in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a low-temperature region of a quartz tube in a double-section furnace, taking inert gas as carrier gas, hydrocarbon as carbon source and hydrogen as reducing gas, and carrying out chemical vapor deposition reaction for 30-60 minutes in a high-temperature region of the quartz tube in the double-section furnace to prepare the carbon nano tube with iron/iron carbide high filling rate;
the temperature of the low-temperature region of the double-section furnace is between 100 and 350 ℃, the temperature of the high-temperature region is between 700 and 1000 ℃, and the inert gas is nitrogen or argon;
the hydrocarbon is selected from at least one of ethylene, acetylene, toluene and dichlorotoluene;
the flow rate of the hydrocarbon introduced into the quartz tube is 5-20 mL/min, the flow rate of the hydrogen introduced into the quartz tube is 50-200mL/min, and the flow rate of the inert gas carrier gas is 50-300 mL/min;
(2) preparing an iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube sulfur composite material, namely mixing the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube prepared in the step 1 and sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 2: 8, mixing and dissolving in 5-20mL of carbon disulfide; stirring until carbon disulfide is completely volatilized, transferring the mixed material into a closed stainless steel reaction kettle, filling argon, transferring the reaction kettle into an oven, heating to 155 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 12 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube sulfur composite material;
(3) and (3) mixing the iron/iron carbide high-filling-rate carbon nano tube sulfur composite material prepared in the step (2) with carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride according to the weight ratio of 7: 2: 1, mixing, adding a solvent N-methyl pyrrolidone, stirring for 12 hours to prepare slurry, coating the slurry on an aluminum foil, transferring the coated aluminum foil into an oven, drying for 12 hours at 80 ℃, and cutting to obtain a lithium-sulfur battery positive plate with the size of 1 x 1 cm;
(4) taking the lithium-sulfur battery positive plate obtained in the step 3 as a positive electrode, taking a lithium plate as a negative electrode, taking polypropylene as a diaphragm, and dissolving the diaphragm in a 1, 3-dioxolane and glycol dimethyl ether solvent with the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a solution with the concentration of 1mol L-1The LiTFSI solution is used as electrolyte, and 2 percent of the mass fraction is added LiNO3As an additive, the cells were assembled in a glove box filled with argon.
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| CN103288072A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-11 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method of iron filled carbon nano tube and reaction device |
| CN105977474A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-09-28 | 大连理工大学 | Simple method for effectively improving cycling stability of carbon-sulfur composite lithium-sulfur cathode |
| CN106935841A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 深圳市比克动力电池有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of sulphur lithium battery anode sulphur/carbon nano tube compound material |
| CN106997947A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-01 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of self assembly polyimide porous material, preparation method and its application in lithium-sulfur cell |
| CN111211300A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-29 | 南昌大学 | Metallic nickel/nitrogen doped carbon nanotube and lithium-sulfur battery composite positive electrode material thereof |
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- 2021-01-11 CN CN202110028977.4A patent/CN112670515A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103288072A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-11 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method of iron filled carbon nano tube and reaction device |
| CN106935841A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 深圳市比克动力电池有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of sulphur lithium battery anode sulphur/carbon nano tube compound material |
| CN105977474A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-09-28 | 大连理工大学 | Simple method for effectively improving cycling stability of carbon-sulfur composite lithium-sulfur cathode |
| CN106997947A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-01 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of self assembly polyimide porous material, preparation method and its application in lithium-sulfur cell |
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