CN112658271A - Efficient composite gas atomization powder preparation device and method - Google Patents
Efficient composite gas atomization powder preparation device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gas atomization powder preparation, in particular to a high-efficiency composite gas atomization powder preparation device and a method, which comprises a vacuum melting system, an atomization system and a powder collection chamber which are sequentially connected; the vacuum melting system comprises a vacuum melting chamber, a high-frequency melting coil, a melting crucible, a first vacuum system, a first protective atmosphere gas path and a first cooling system; the atomization system comprises an atomization chamber, a high-pressure non-oxidation gas circuit, a gas atomization nozzle, an electrode gun, a second vacuum system, a second protective atmosphere gas circuit, an Ar gas circuit and a second cooling system; the gas atomization nozzle is provided with a center hole, and a guide device is installed in the center hole. The invention integrates the gas atomization technology and the arc discharge technology, and combines the two processes into a continuous powder process; the arc discharge technology is used for solving the technical problems of nozzle blockage, insufficient refinement of particles, wide particle size distribution of the particles, angle design between a high-pressure gas path outlet and metal liquid drops and the like commonly existing in the gas atomization technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas atomization powder preparation, in particular to a high-efficiency combined gas atomization powder preparation device and method.
Background
The gas atomization powder preparation technology has originated in the 20 th years of the 10 th century, and the powder preparation principle is that high-speed airflow acts on molten liquid flow to convert gas kinetic energy into melt surface energy, so that fine liquid drops are formed and are solidified into powder particles. The gas atomization powder preparation technology has the advantages of small environmental pollution, high powder sphericity, low oxygen content, high cooling speed and the like, and is a main method for producing metal and alloy powder at present. With the application of powder materials in the industries of chemical industry, electronic device preparation, surface engineering, military and the like, the requirements on the purity, the size, the sphericity and the like of the powder are continuously improved, and the further development of an aerosol preparation device is promoted.
In the traditional atomization process, molten metal enters a nozzle through a discharge spout to be atomized, but because supersonic gas bombards the molten metal, an air field in the whole atomization process is disordered, and metal particles with different sizes can be formed after the bombardment is finished, wherein the heat dissipation speed of large particles is low, a long time is needed for finishing a solidification process, the time needed for solidification of large particles with small particle sizes is short, and in high-speed disordered airflow, the small particles which are solidified can collide the surfaces of the large particles which are not completely solidified, so that surface defects are caused. Meanwhile, the nozzle is easy to block, so that the production process cannot be normally carried out.
At present, the traditional gas atomization equipment is separated from a flow-limiting pouring system, and has a certain contact with oxygen in the powder preparation process, so that the oxygen content of powder is high, and the service performance of the powder is influenced. Some gas atomization powder making equipment integrates smelting and pouring, but the structure is too complex, the operation is troublesome, the price is high, the maintenance is difficult, and the large-scale application of the gas atomization powder making equipment is limited. Meanwhile, the non-limiting atomizing nozzle is generally adopted in China, and the prepared powder is difficult to refine. Although there are special nozzle designs, the structure is relatively complex.
Chinese patent literature discloses an integrated induction melting gas atomization powder making device and a gas atomization powder making method, the application publication number of the device is CN107116225A, and the axis of a nozzle of the device is vertical to the axis of a quartz tube, so that the blockage at the nozzle is avoided. However, this design does not allow for a continuous industrial production.
The Chinese patent literature discloses a device and a method for preparing spherical titanium powder and titanium alloy powder by gas atomization, and the application publication number of the device is CN 104475744A. However, this device is only directed to the continuous production of titanium and titanium alloy powders, and tends to cause nozzle clogging in the case of alloys containing low melting point metals such as Al.
The Chinese patent literature discloses a combined device for preparing spherical metal powder by using an air atomization method, the application publication number of which is CN109848429A, the combined device comprises more than two air atomization smelting furnaces of different types, the device is not limited by the production conditions of a single air atomization smelting furnace and an atomization tower, the production of various types of powder can be carried out in the same production system, and the production efficiency is improved. The powder prepared by the device has large size and large distribution range, and the surface of the powder is not clean.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a high-efficiency combined type gas atomization powder making device which can continuously make powder by gas atomization and arc discharge and effectively avoid the blockage of a leakage nozzle at a nozzle.
The invention also provides a method for preparing powder by gas atomization by using the device, and the powder prepared by the method has high spheroidization rate, good sphericity, small particle diameter and good surface quality, can realize production under the conditions of sealing, high vacuum and industrialization, and is beneficial to large-scale industrial production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency composite gas atomization powder preparation device comprises a vacuum melting system, an atomization system and a powder collection chamber which are connected in sequence; the vacuum melting system comprises a vacuum melting chamber, a high-frequency melting coil, a melting crucible, a first vacuum system, a first protective atmosphere gas circuit and a first cooling system, wherein the high-frequency melting coil is positioned in the vacuum melting chamber; the smelting crucible is positioned right below the high-frequency smelting coil, and the central lines of the smelting crucible and the high-frequency smelting coil are positioned on the same axis; the atomization system comprises an atomization chamber, a high-pressure non-oxidation gas circuit, a gas atomization nozzle, an electrode gun, a second vacuum system, a second protective atmosphere gas circuit, an Ar gas circuit and a second cooling system, wherein the high-pressure non-oxidation gas circuit is positioned in the atomization chamber; the gas atomization nozzle is provided with a central hole, and a guide device is arranged in the central hole; the electrode gun is positioned below the gas atomizing nozzle.
The invention creatively adds the electrode gun below the metal or alloy liquid drop and relieves the impact of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas outlet on the metal or alloy liquid drop through the high-temperature plasma arc. The composite gas atomization powder making device integrates gas atomization technology and arc discharge technology, and combines the two processes into a continuous powder making process. The arc discharge technology is used for solving the technical problems of nozzle blockage, insufficient refinement of particles, wide particle size distribution of the particles, angle design between a high-pressure gas path outlet and metal liquid drops and the like commonly existing in the gas atomization technology.
Preferably, the gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas path and the metal or alloy liquid flow form 0-90 DEGo. Due to the supporting effect of the even number type high-energy electric arc below the liquid drop, the molten metal can stay in the gas atomization nozzle for a period of time, so that the angle between the gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas path and the liquid drop is not limited too much, and is 0-90 DEGoThe inventive design can promote the grain diameter of the gas atomized powder to be refined and evenly distributed.
Preferably, the gas atomizing nozzle, the central hole, the guiding device, the high-frequency smelting coil and the central point of the electrode gun are on the same axis.
Preferably, the electrode gun is located at the position 3-5 mm of the lower edge of the gas atomization nozzle.
Preferably, at least two electrode guns are symmetrically arranged with even number of centers, each electrode gun comprises an electrode, the distance between each electrode and the center of each circle is 3-5 mm, and the electrodes are made of tungsten, graphite or niobium.
A method for preparing powder by gas atomization by using any one of the devices comprises the following steps:
(1) putting metal or alloy to be pulverized into a high-frequency smelting coil, sealing a vacuum smelting chamber, vacuumizing the whole device through a first vacuum system and a second vacuum system, introducing first protective gas into the vacuum smelting chamber through a first protective atmosphere gas path, and introducing second protective gas into an atomizing chamber and a powder collecting chamber through a second protective atmosphere gas path; high-purity Ar gas backflushs into the atomizing chamber through an Ar gas path;
(2) melting the metal or alloy to be milled by using a high-frequency melting coil, wherein the temperature of the molten mass after the melting exceeds the melting point of the metal or alloy to be milled by 100-300 DEG CoAfter C, forming a stable and continuous metal or alloy liquid flow;
(3) the metal or alloy liquid flow obtained in the step (2) freely falls under the action of gravity, meanwhile, voltage is applied to an electrode gun for arc striking and discharging, and when the liquid flow leaves an air atomization nozzle, the liquid flow is synchronously crushed into fine metal liquid drops by a high-energy plasma arc and an inert gas flow generated by the nozzle; in the step, high-temperature plasma of thousands of degrees is obtained by ionizing Ar gas, so that the continuous heating of metal or alloy liquid is realized, the condition that the heating temperature of the traditional induction coil on the nozzle is only higher than the melting point of 100-;
(4) the metal or alloy liquid drops are cooled and solidified by a second cooling system in the descending process to obtain gas atomized powder, and the gas atomized powder falls into a powder collecting chamber at the lower end of the equipment;
(5) and after the gas atomized powder is fully cooled to the room temperature, screening and packaging.
The method for preparing powder by gas atomization has simple process, the prepared powder has finer granularity, narrower distribution and higher sphericity, the phenomenon that a nozzle is blocked by liquid cannot occur in the powder preparation process, and simultaneously the particle size and the particle size distribution ratio of the prepared powder can be changed by changing the pressure of introduced gas and the pressure applied to an electrode gun.
Preferably, in the step (3), the voltage applied by the electrode gun is 30-100V, and the pressure of the atomizing gas is 0.5-20 MPa. The invention can regulate and control the particle size and size distribution of the powder by the atomizing gas pressure and the voltage applied by the electrode gun, and realize the large-scale industrial preparation of the powder with small size (as low as 0.1 mu m) and uniform distribution.
Preferably, in the step (4), the particle size of the gas atomized powder is 0.1 to 50 μm, and the oxygen content is 100 to 1000 ppm.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the composite gas atomization powder making device integrates gas atomization technology and arc discharge technology, and combines the two processes into a continuous powder making process; the arc discharge technology is used for solving the technical problems of nozzle blockage, insufficient refinement of particles, wide particle size distribution of the particles, angle design between a high-pressure gas path outlet and metal liquid drops and the like commonly existing in the gas atomization technology;
(2) the method for preparing powder by gas atomization of the device has simple process, the prepared powder has finer granularity, narrower distribution and higher sphericity, the phenomenon that the nozzle is blocked by liquid can not occur in the powder preparing process, and simultaneously the pressure of the introduced gas and the pressure applied on an electrode gun can be changed to change the particle size and the particle size distribution ratio of the prepared powder.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-efficiency combined gas atomization powder making device in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the position of the electrode gun of fig. 1.
In the figure: the device comprises a vacuum melting chamber 1, a high-frequency melting coil 2, a melting crucible 3, a guiding device 4, a high-pressure non-oxidation gas circuit 5, a gas atomizing nozzle 6, an electrode gun 7, an atomizing chamber 8, a powder collecting chamber 9, a first vacuum system 10, an observation window 11, an Ar gas circuit 12, a second protective atmosphere gas circuit 13, a first cooling system 14, a first protective atmosphere gas circuit 15, a second vacuum system 16 and a second cooling system 17.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below by using specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the present invention, all the equipment and materials are commercially available or commonly used in the art, and the methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a high-efficiency composite gas atomization powder-making device comprises a vacuum melting system, an atomization system and a powder collection chamber 9 which are connected in sequence.
The vacuum melting system comprises a vacuum melting chamber 1, a high-frequency melting coil 2 positioned in the vacuum melting chamber, a melting crucible 3, a first vacuum system 10, a first protective atmosphere gas circuit 15 and a first cooling system 14; the smelting crucible is positioned right below the high-frequency smelting coil, and the central lines of the smelting crucible and the high-frequency smelting coil are positioned on the same axis; the inside and the outside of the high-frequency smelting coil are provided with ceramic protective covers which are provided with central holes and are made of yttrium oxide.
The vacuum melting chamber 1 is vacuumized by the first vacuum system 10, and then high-purity inert gas is backflushed into the vacuum melting chamber 1 through the first protective atmosphere gas path 15. The whole vacuum melting chamber 1 is kept at temperature by the first cooling system 14, and heat is taken away.
The atomization system comprises an atomization chamber 8, a high-pressure non-oxidation gas path 5, a gas atomization nozzle 6, an electrode gun 7, a second vacuum system 16, a second protective atmosphere gas path 13, an Ar gas path 12 and a second cooling system 17, wherein the outer wall of the atomization chamber is provided with an observation window 11; the gas atomizing nozzle is provided with a central hole, the central hole is provided with a guiding device 4, and the electrode gun is positioned 4mm below the gas atomizing nozzle. The gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas circuit is 0 with the metal or alloy liquid flowoThe gas atomizing nozzle, the central hole, the guiding device, the high-frequency smelting coil and the central point of the electrode gun are on the same axis.
As shown in figure 2, 4 electrode guns are arranged concentrically and symmetrically, and the electrode material of the electric shock gun is tungsten and is 3-5 mm away from the center of a circle. The atomizing chamber 8 is vacuumed by a second vacuum system 16, and then high-purity inert gas and Ar gas are respectively backflushed into the atomizing chamber 8 through a protective atmosphere 13 and an Ar gas circuit 12. The entire atomising chamber 8 is maintained at temperature by the second cooling system 17, taking heat away. The conditions in the nebulization chamber 8 are observed through an observation window 11. The metal or alloy droplets undergo cooling solidification during descent and finally fall into a powder collection chamber 9 at the lower end of the apparatus. And after the powder is fully cooled to the room temperature, screening and packaging the powder.
The method for preparing powder by gas atomization by using the device comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting three metals of Fe, Si and Al, putting the three metals into a high-frequency smelting coil 2, sealing a vacuum smelting chamber 1, vacuumizing the whole device through a first vacuum system 10 and a second vacuum system 16, wherein the vacuum degree in the vacuumized device at least reaches 1 multiplied by 10-3Pa; mixing high-purity N2Gas is introduced into the vacuum melting chamber 1 through a first protective atmosphere gas circuit 15 to lead high-purity N2Gas is introduced into the atomizing chamber 8 and the powder collecting chamber 9 through a second protective atmosphere gas circuit 13, and the gas pressure of the vacuum melting chamber, the atomizing chamber and the powder collecting chamber is 0.10 MPa; high-purity Ar gas backflushs into the atomizing chamber through the Ar gas circuit, and the pressure of the high-purity Ar gas in the atomizing chamber is 0.01 MPa;
(2) melting the three metals of Fe, Si and Al by a high-frequency melting coil with the power of 10kW, and enabling the melt temperature to exceed the melting point of the FeSi alloy by 100 ℃ after the three metals are meltedoAfter C, forming a stable and continuous FeSi alloy liquid flow;
(3) the FeSiAl alloy liquid flow obtained in the step (2) freely falls under the action of gravity, and the gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas path and the FeSi alloy liquid flow are 0oSimultaneously, applying voltage to the electrode gun 7 to perform arc starting discharge, and crushing the liquid flow into fine metal liquid drops by the high-energy plasma arc and the inert gas flow generated by the nozzle synchronously when the liquid flow leaves the gas atomization nozzle; the applied voltage of the electrode gun is 30V, and the atomizing gas is high-purity N2The pressure of the gas and the atomizing gas is 0.5 MPa; (ii) a
(4) Cooling and solidifying the FeSi alloy liquid flow through a second cooling system in the descending process to obtain gas atomized powder, and enabling the gas atomized powder to fall into a powder collecting chamber 9 at the lower end of the equipment, wherein the particle size of the gas atomized powder is 21 mu m, and the oxygen content is 350 ppm;
(5) and after the gas atomized powder is fully cooled to the room temperature, screening and packaging.
Example 2
The difference between the high-efficiency composite gas atomization powder preparation device in the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 1 is that: high pressure non-oxidationThe gas outlet of the gas path is 90 degrees with the metal or alloy liquid flowo(ii) a The electrode guns are 8 and are symmetrically arranged in the same circle center, the electrode material of the electric shock gun is tungsten, the distance from the circle center is 3mm, and the rest structures are completely the same.
The method for preparing powder by gas atomization by using the device comprises the following steps:
(1) putting Fe and Si into a high-frequency smelting coil 2, sealing a vacuum smelting chamber 1, vacuumizing the whole device by a first vacuum system 10 and a second vacuum system 16, wherein the vacuum degree in the vacuumized device at least reaches 1 multiplied by 10-4Pa; introducing high-purity nitrogen into the vacuum melting chamber 1 through a first protective atmosphere gas path 15, and introducing the high-purity nitrogen into the atomizing chamber 8 and the powder collecting chamber 9 through a second protective atmosphere gas path 13, wherein the gas pressure of the vacuum melting chamber, the atomizing chamber and the powder collecting chamber is 0.5 MPa; high-purity Ar gas backflushs into the atomizing chamber through the Ar gas circuit, and the pressure of the high-purity Ar gas in the atomizing chamber is 0.05 MPa;
(2) melting Fe and Si by a high-frequency melting coil with the power of 300 kW, and when the Fe and Si are melted, the melt temperature exceeds 300 ℃ of the melting point of the FeSi alloyoAfter C, forming a stable and continuous Fe-Si alloy liquid flow;
(3) the Fe Si alloy liquid flow obtained in the step (2) falls freely under the action of gravity, and the gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas path and the FeSi alloy liquid flow are 90 DEGoSimultaneously, applying voltage to the electrode gun 7 to perform arc starting discharge, and crushing the liquid flow into fine metal liquid drops by the high-energy plasma arc and the inert gas flow generated by the nozzle synchronously when the liquid flow leaves the gas atomization nozzle; the applied voltage of the electrode gun is 100V, and the pressure of atomizing gas is 20 MPa;
(4) the Fe Si alloy liquid flow is cooled and solidified through a second cooling system in the descending process to obtain gas atomized powder, the gas atomized powder falls into a powder collecting chamber 9 at the lower end of the equipment, the shape of the gas atomized powder is spherical, the particle size is 33 mu m, and the oxygen content is 660 ppm;
(5) and after the gas atomized powder is fully cooled to the room temperature, screening and packaging.
Example 3
Example 3 high efficiency composite AerosolThe powder preparation device is different from the embodiment 1 in that: the gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas circuit and the metal or alloy liquid flow form 45 degreeso(ii) a The number of the electrode guns is 2, the electrode guns are symmetrically arranged in the same circle center, the electrode material of the electric shock gun is tungsten, the distance from the circle center is 5mm, and the rest structures are completely the same.
The method for preparing powder by gas atomization by using the device comprises the following steps:
(1) putting Ti metal into a high-frequency smelting coil 2, sealing a vacuum smelting chamber 1, vacuumizing the whole device by a first vacuum system 10 and a second vacuum system 16, wherein the vacuum degree in the vacuumized device at least reaches 5 multiplied by 10-4Pa; introducing high-purity nitrogen into the vacuum melting chamber 1 through a first protective atmosphere gas path 15, and introducing the high-purity nitrogen into the atomizing chamber 8 and the powder collecting chamber 9 through a second protective atmosphere gas path 13, wherein the gas pressure of the vacuum melting chamber, the atomizing chamber and the powder collecting chamber is 0.3 MPa; high-purity Ar gas backflushs into the atomizing chamber through the Ar gas circuit, and the pressure of the high-purity Ar gas in the atomizing chamber is 0.03 MPa;
(2) melting Ti metal by a high-frequency melting coil with the power of 200 kW, wherein the temperature of the melt after melting exceeds the melting point of the metal or alloy to be prepared into powder by 200 DEGoAfter C, forming a stable and continuous Ti metal liquid flow;
(3) the Ti metal liquid flow obtained in the step (2) falls freely under the action of gravity, and the gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas path and the Ti metal liquid flow form 45 degreeso(ii) a Meanwhile, voltage is applied to the electrode gun 7 to carry out arc starting discharge, and when liquid flow leaves the gas atomization nozzle, the liquid flow is synchronously crushed into fine metal liquid drops by the high-energy plasma arc and inert gas flow generated by the nozzle; the applied voltage of the electrode gun is 80V, and the pressure of atomizing gas is 10 MPa;
(4) the Ti metal liquid flow is cooled and solidified through a second cooling system in the descending process to obtain gas atomized powder, the gas atomized powder falls into a powder collecting chamber 9 at the lower end of the equipment, the appearance of the gas atomized powder is spherical, the granularity is 29 mu m, and the oxygen content is 410 ppm;
(5) and after the gas atomized powder is fully cooled to the room temperature, screening and packaging.
Example 4
The difference between the high-efficiency compound gas atomization powder preparation device in the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 1 is that: the gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas circuit and the metal or alloy liquid flow are 60 DEGo(ii) a The number of the electrode guns is 6, the electrode guns are symmetrically arranged in the same circle center, the electrode material of the electric shock gun is tungsten, the distance from the circle center is 3.5mm, and the rest structures are completely the same.
The method for preparing powder by gas atomization by using the device comprises the following steps:
(1) putting Mo metal into a high-frequency smelting coil 2, sealing a vacuum smelting chamber 1, vacuumizing the whole device by a first vacuum system 10 and a second vacuum system 16, wherein the vacuum degree in the vacuumized device at least reaches 7 multiplied by 10-4Pa; introducing high-purity nitrogen into the vacuum melting chamber 1 through a first protective atmosphere gas path 15, and introducing the high-purity nitrogen into the atomizing chamber 8 and the powder collecting chamber 9 through a second protective atmosphere gas path 13, wherein the gas pressure of the vacuum melting chamber, the atomizing chamber and the powder collecting chamber is 0.2 MPa; high-purity Ar gas backflushs into the atomizing chamber through the Ar gas circuit, and the pressure of the high-purity Ar gas in the atomizing chamber is 0.02 MPa;
(2) melting the metal Mo to be treated by a high-frequency melting coil with the power of 100kW, wherein the temperature of the melt exceeds the melting point of the metal Mo by 150 DEG after the metal Mo is meltedoAfter C, forming a stable and continuous Mo metal liquid flow;
(3) the Mo metal liquid flow obtained in the step (2) falls freely under the action of gravity, and the gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas path and the metal or alloy liquid flow form 60 DEGo(ii) a Meanwhile, voltage is applied to the electrode gun 7 to carry out arc starting discharge, and when liquid flow leaves the gas atomization nozzle, the liquid flow is synchronously crushed into fine metal liquid drops by the high-energy plasma arc and inert gas flow generated by the nozzle; the voltage applied by the electrode gun is 70V, and the pressure of atomizing gas is 15 MPa;
(4) the Mo metal liquid drops are cooled and solidified through a second cooling system in the descending process to obtain gas atomized powder, and the gas atomized powder falls into a powder collecting chamber 9 at the lower end of the equipment, wherein the particle size of the gas atomized powder is 28 microns, and the oxygen content is 380 ppm;
(5) and after the gas atomized powder is fully cooled to the room temperature, screening and packaging.
Example 5
The difference between the high-efficiency compound gas atomization powder preparation device in the embodiment 5 and the embodiment 1 is that: the gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas circuit and the metal or alloy liquid flow are in a state of 70 DEGo(ii) a The number of the electrode guns is 4, the electrode guns are symmetrically arranged in the same circle center, the electrode material of the electric shock gun is tungsten, the distance from the circle center is 4.5mm, and the rest structures are completely the same.
The method for preparing powder by gas atomization by using the device comprises the following steps:
(1) putting three metals of Fe, Si and Cr into a high-frequency smelting coil 2, sealing a vacuum smelting chamber 1, vacuumizing the whole device by a first vacuum system 10 and a second vacuum system 16, wherein the vacuum degree in the vacuumized device at least reaches 2 multiplied by 10-4Pa; introducing high-purity nitrogen into the vacuum melting chamber 1 through a first protective atmosphere gas path 15, and introducing the high-purity nitrogen into the atomizing chamber 8 and the powder collecting chamber 9 through a second protective atmosphere gas path 13, wherein the gas pressure of the vacuum melting chamber, the atomizing chamber and the powder collecting chamber is 0.3 MPa; high-purity Ar gas backflushs into the atomizing chamber through the Ar gas circuit, and the pressure of the high-purity Ar gas in the atomizing chamber is 0.04 MPa;
(2) melting three metals of Fe, Si and Cr by a high-frequency melting coil with the power of 80kW, and ensuring that the temperature of the melt exceeds the melting point of FeSiCr alloy by 180 DEG after the three metals are meltedoAfter C, forming a stable and continuous FeSiCr alloy liquid flow;
(3) the FeSiCr alloy liquid flow obtained in the step (2) freely falls under the action of gravity, and the gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidation gas circuit and the FeSiCr alloy liquid flow are 70 DEGo(ii) a Meanwhile, voltage is applied to the electrode gun 7 to carry out arc starting discharge, and when liquid flow leaves the gas atomization nozzle, the liquid flow is synchronously crushed into fine metal liquid drops by the high-energy plasma arc and inert gas flow generated by the nozzle; the applied voltage of the electrode gun is 60V, and the pressure of atomizing gas is 10 MPa;
(4) cooling and solidifying FeSiCr alloy liquid flow through a second cooling system in the descending process to obtain gas atomized powder, and enabling the gas atomized powder to fall into a powder collecting chamber 9 at the lower end of the equipment, wherein the gas atomized powder is spherical in shape, the particle size is 30 mu m, and the oxygen content is 340 ppm;
(5) and after the gas atomized powder is fully cooled to the room temperature, screening and packaging.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high-efficiency combined gas atomization powder making device is characterized by comprising a vacuum melting system, an atomization system and a powder collection chamber which are sequentially connected; the vacuum melting system comprises a vacuum melting chamber, a high-frequency melting coil, a melting crucible, a first vacuum system, a first protective atmosphere gas circuit and a first cooling system, wherein the high-frequency melting coil is positioned in the vacuum melting chamber; the smelting crucible is positioned right below the high-frequency smelting coil, and the central lines of the smelting crucible and the high-frequency smelting coil are positioned on the same axis; the atomization system comprises an atomization chamber, a high-pressure non-oxidation gas circuit, a gas atomization nozzle, an electrode gun, a second vacuum system, a second protective atmosphere gas circuit, an Ar gas circuit and a second cooling system, wherein the high-pressure non-oxidation gas circuit is positioned in the atomization chamber; the gas atomization nozzle is provided with a central hole, and a guide device is arranged in the central hole; the electrode gun is positioned below the gas atomizing nozzle.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the high frequency melting coil is provided with ceramic shields having central holes inside and outside, and is made of yttria, zirconia, boron nitride or alumina.
3. The efficient combined type gas-atomizing powder-making device according to claim 1, wherein the gas outlet of the high-pressure non-oxidizing gas path and the metal or alloy liquid flow are 0-90%o。
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the atomizing nozzle, the central hole, the guiding means, the high frequency melting coil and the center point of the electrode gun are coaxial.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrode gun is located at a distance of 3-5 mm from the lower edge of the atomizing nozzle.
6. The efficient composite gas-atomizing powder-making device according to claim 5, wherein at least two of the electrode guns are arranged with even number of centers, the electrode guns comprise electrodes, the distance between the electrodes and the centers is 3-5 mm, and the electrodes are made of tungsten, graphite or niobium.
7. A method for producing powder by gas atomization using the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) putting metal or alloy to be pulverized into a high-frequency smelting coil, sealing a vacuum smelting chamber, vacuumizing the whole device through a first vacuum system and a second vacuum system, introducing first protective gas into the vacuum smelting chamber through a first protective atmosphere gas path, and introducing second protective gas into an atomizing chamber and a powder collecting chamber through a second protective atmosphere gas path; high-purity Ar gas backflushs into the atomizing chamber through an Ar gas path;
(2) melting the metal or alloy to be milled by using a high-frequency melting coil, wherein the temperature of the molten mass after the melting exceeds the melting point of the metal or alloy to be milled by 100-300 DEG CoAfter C, forming a stable and continuous metal or alloy liquid flow;
(3) the metal or alloy liquid flow obtained in the step (2) freely falls under the action of gravity, meanwhile, voltage is applied to an electrode gun for arc striking and discharging, and when the liquid flow leaves an air atomization nozzle, the liquid flow is synchronously crushed into fine metal liquid drops by a high-energy plasma arc and an inert gas flow generated by the nozzle;
(4) and the metal or alloy liquid drops are cooled and solidified by the second cooling system in the descending process to obtain gas atomized powder, and the gas atomized powder falls into a powder collecting chamber at the lower end of the equipment.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the step of atomizing the powder comprises,
in the step (1)The vacuum degree in the vacuumized device reaches at least 1 x 10-3Pa；
The gas pressure of the vacuum melting chamber, the atomizing chamber and the powder collecting chamber is 0.10-0.5 MPa;
the pressure of high-purity Ar gas in the atomizing chamber is 0.01-0.05 MPa;
in the step (2), the power of the high-frequency smelting coil is 10-300 kW.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (3), the voltage applied by the electrode gun is 30-100V, and the pressure of the atomizing gas is 0.5-20 MPa.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein in the step (4), the atomized powder has a particle size of 0.1 to 50 μm and an oxygen content of 100 to 1000 ppm.
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