CN112645740B - Preparation method of anti-skid antibacterial ceramic tile - Google Patents

Preparation method of anti-skid antibacterial ceramic tile Download PDF

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CN112645740B
CN112645740B CN202011542389.4A CN202011542389A CN112645740B CN 112645740 B CN112645740 B CN 112645740B CN 202011542389 A CN202011542389 A CN 202011542389A CN 112645740 B CN112645740 B CN 112645740B
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ceramic tile
nano
antibacterial
skid
sodium
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CN112645740A (en
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甄崇礼
廖洁娴
周理龙
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Zhen Chongli
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/89Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/52Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of functional ceramics, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an anti-skid antibacterial ceramic tile. Firstly, spraying glaze on the surface of a ceramic tile green body for preliminary firing to obtain a ceramic tile with a glaze layer, then spraying a nanoparticle dispersion liquid on the surface of the glaze layer, and roasting to obtain the anti-skid antibacterial ceramic tile; the preparation method of the nano-particle dispersion liquid comprises the steps of dispersing nano-particles into a solvent to obtain a suspension, adding a surfactant, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nano-particle dispersion liquid. According to the invention, the anti-skid layer is formed by forming a physical structure with proper size and space on the surface of the glaze layer by using the functional nano particles, and the functional nano particles have antibacterial performance, so that the anti-skid antibacterial ceramic tile is prepared and has good anti-skid property and antibacterial property.

Description

Preparation method of anti-skid antibacterial ceramic tile
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional ceramics, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an anti-skid antibacterial ceramic tile.
Background
The ceramic tile is a common daily decoration material, has the advantages of good durability and weather resistance, attractive appearance, elegance and the like, and can be used for decorating building surfaces such as roads, walls, floors and the like. Hospitals, schools, toilets and the like have special requirements on skid resistance and antibiosis, so that the demand for the skid-resistant antibacterial ceramic tiles is large. The main strategy for preparing the anti-skid ceramic tile is to prepare a material containing a micro-nano structure on the surface of the ceramic tile, and when pressure is applied to the ceramic tile, air or water in the micro-nano structure is extruded out to form suction so as to achieve an anti-skid function. The principle of preparing the antibacterial ceramic is that nano materials with antibacterial function, such as silver oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide and the like, are added into ceramic glaze, and the materials have antibacterial performance or generate strong oxidizing free radicals capable of killing bacteria, fungi and viruses under the irradiation of light.
Chinese patent CN2760156Y discloses an improved structure of anti-skid ceramic tile or stone, which is characterized in that an anti-skid agent is smeared on the surface of the ceramic tile, micro-pores on the surface of the ceramic tile are utilized to form a capillary effect, thousands of 2-7 micron scale-level concave holes are manufactured, a vacuum chuck principle is applied, when the floor is wet and the ceramic tile is pressed, suction force is increased to achieve the anti-skid effect of the ceramic tile and stone, but the anti-skid agent is easy to be removed under long-time friction, and the durability is poor. Chinese patent CN201314109Y discloses an anti-skid luminous floor tile, which uses the concave-convex surface of ground glass to form an anti-skid layer to achieve the anti-skid purpose, but the anti-skid effect is poor under the condition of water. Although the method can achieve the aim of skid resistance, the anti-skid ceramic tiles are widely used in places such as hospitals, schools, toilets and the like, so that the anti-skid ceramic tiles have high requirements on antibacterial property, and the antibacterial property needs to be increased on the basis of skid resistance.
Chinese patent CN107355057A discloses an antibacterial and anti-slip ceramic tile, which is covered with an anti-slip layer and an antibacterial layer to achieve the anti-slip and antibacterial purposes, wherein the antibacterial layer is silver nitrate, which can achieve the antibacterial and anti-slip purpose, but needs to be baked twice, and the silver nitrate has high cost and is potentially harmful to human body. Other researches have been carried out by adding an antibacterial material into a ceramic glaze layer so as to achieve the aim of antibiosis, but the anti-skid property is poor.
Chinese patent CN 209694755U discloses a dish with antibacterial property, which comprises a dish body composed of a dish bottom and a dish edge, wherein the inner surface of the dish bottom and the inner surface of the dish edge are both coated with antibacterial layers, and the section of the dish body has the following multilayer structure: the ceramic substrate layer is attached to the ceramic substrate layer, the glaze layer is attached to the upper surface of the ceramic substrate layer, the antibacterial layer is attached to the outer surface of the glaze layer, the antibacterial layer is a nano zinc oxide antibacterial layer, in the section structure of the ceramic substrate layer, the particle size of zinc oxide particles is 15-65 nm, the inter-particle distance of the zinc oxide particles is 28-128 nm, and the sum of the section areas of all the zinc oxide particles accounts for 38-88% of the section area of the ceramic substrate layer; the glaze layer and the antibacterial layer are formed by sequentially coating enamel and an antibacterial agent on a ceramic substrate layer and sequentially forming a solid glaze layer and an antibacterial layer on the ceramic substrate layer through a preset sintering process. This patent enhances the antibacterial property by coating the antibacterial layer, but has a limited increase in antibacterial property and poor anti-slip property.
At present, the need is felt to provide an anti-slip and anti-bacterial tile with anti-slip and anti-bacterial functions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an anti-slip antibacterial ceramic tile, and the prepared anti-slip antibacterial ceramic tile has good anti-slip property and antibacterial property.
Firstly, spraying glaze on the surface of a ceramic tile green body for preliminary firing to obtain a ceramic tile with a glaze layer, then spraying a nanoparticle dispersion liquid on the surface of the glaze layer, and roasting to obtain the anti-skid antibacterial ceramic tile; the preparation method of the nano-particle dispersion liquid comprises the steps of dispersing nano-particles into a solvent to obtain a suspension, adding a surfactant, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nano-particle dispersion liquid.
The nano particles are one or two of metal ion doped nano titanium oxide or metal ion doped nano zinc oxide.
The size of the nano titanium oxide is 10-500nm, and the size of the nano zinc oxide is 10-500 nm.
The doped metal ions in the nano particles are one or more of cerium ions, lanthanum ions, iron ions, silver ions or cobalt ions.
The mass of the doped metal ions is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the nano particles.
The nanoparticles are prepared by conventional methods (e.g., physical or chemical synthesis).
The doped metal ions can improve the electronic structure of the surface of the nano-particles and improve the activity of the nano-particles, water and oxygen adsorbed on the surface of the nano-particles can react more easily to generate strong oxidizing substances such as hydroxyl radicals, peroxy radicals, superoxide radicals and the like under the condition of illumination, and the strong oxidizing substances can kill bacteria and fungi on the surface of the ceramic, so that the metal ions are doped in the nano-particles to effectively improve the antibacterial performance of the ceramic tile.
The content of the nano particles in the suspension is 1-20 wt.%.
The solvent is one of water, ethanol, acetonitrile or ethyl acetate.
The surfactant is one of n-heptanol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl sodium sulfate, tridecyl sodium sulfate, tetradecyl sodium sulfate, pentadecyl sodium sulfate, hexadecyl sodium sulfate, heptadecyl sodium sulfate, octadecyl sodium sulfate, sodium stearate, fatty glyceride or dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate.
The addition amount of the surfactant is 0.1-20% of the mass of the suspension.
According to the invention, the surfactant is added into the suspension of the nano-particles, the surfactant can form micelles in a solvent, the nano-particles can be wrapped in the micelles to be self-assembled into nano-particle bundles, and when the nano-particle bundles are sprayed on a glaze surface, the nano-particle bundles are distributed on the glaze surface, so that a nano-micro physical structure with a certain size and spacing is formed, and when the nano-micro physical structure is stepped on, air in the physical structure is removed while the antibacterial property is kept, so that a large friction force is formed, and the purpose of skid resistance is achieved.
The preliminary firing temperature is 650-1000 ℃, and the preliminary firing time is 1-10 min.
The roasting temperature is 800-1350 ℃, and the roasting time is 10-120 s.
The content of the nano particles on the surface of the ceramic tile is 1-50g per square meter.
The nano particles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the glaze layer of the ceramic tile, the distance between the nano particles on the surface of the glaze layer is 1-100 mu m, and the nano particles protrude on the surface of the glaze layer by 300-500 nm.
And cooling to room temperature after the primary firing.
According to the invention, the nano material with the antibacterial function is distributed on the glaze surface of the ceramic tile which is primarily fired, and the ceramic tile with the antiskid and antibacterial functions is prepared after firing.
According to the invention, nanoparticles with an antibacterial function are wrapped in micelles formed by a surfactant, an aggregate with a certain structure is formed in a solvent, so that the nanoparticles keep a proper distance, and a nano-micro physical structure with a proper size and a proper distance is formed on the surface of a ceramic tile glaze layer by spraying, so as to form an anti-skid layer, thereby enabling the ceramic tile to have the anti-skid and antibacterial functions at the same time.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the problems that the traditional ceramic tile is difficult to clean and easy to breed bacteria, the invention utilizes the functional nano particles to form a physical structure with proper size and space on the surface of the glaze layer to form an anti-skid layer, and the functional nano particles have antibacterial performance, so that the anti-skid antibacterial ceramic tile is prepared and has good anti-skid performance and antibacterial performance.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
Firstly, uniformly distributing glaze on the surface of a ceramic tile green body, primarily firing at 800 ℃, cooling, adding nano zinc oxide with the average diameter of 150nm and doped with 0.5 wt.% of cerium into deionized water to form turbid liquid, adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide with the mass of 2.5 wt.% of the turbid liquid into the turbid liquid, uniformly spraying the turbid liquid onto the surface of a ceramic tile glaze layer after uniformly stirring, firing again at 1200 ℃ for 1.5min, and cooling to obtain the ceramic tile with the antiskid antibacterial performance.
The antibacterial property test of the ceramic tile is carried out according to the national standard JC/T897-2014 antibacterial property of the antibacterial ceramic product, staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are utilized for detection, 12 ceramic tiles with 5 multiplied by 5cm added with antibacterial nano materials and 2 ceramic tiles without the antibacterial nano materials are taken to be sterilized by a steam pot at high temperature, after the ceramic tile is further sterilized by 70 percent alcohol, the glaze surface is upward, the blank is placed under the ceramic tile and is soaked in sterile water for 24 hours, and the blank is ensured to fully absorb water. Then, the strains are evenly inoculated on the surfaces of the porcelain slices by a thin film method, the porcelain slices are cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 37 ℃ for 24 hours, the colonies on the porcelain slices in the experimental group and the control group are eluted by washing liquor, then, the bacteria in the eluent are inoculated in plate counting agar, the plate counting agar is cultured in the constant temperature incubator at 37 ℃ for 24 hours, and then, the viable bacteria count is carried out. The antibacterial rate calculation method comprises the following steps:
R=(B-C)/B×100%
r is antibacterial rate, B is the number of average colony count after blank control sample is cultured for 24h, and the unit is colony count; c is the value of the average colony count of the antibacterial ceramic sample after 24h of culture, and the unit is the colony count.
The anti-skid performance of the ceramic tile is tested by using a pendulum test anti-skid tester according to the national standard GB T35153-2017 anti-skid ceramic tile.
The height of the nanoparticle projections on the surface of the tile was determined using a cross-sectional SEM.
The anti-slip and antibacterial ceramic tile prepared in example 1 has an antibacterial rate of 96.1% in one month, a static friction coefficient value at a wet state of 0.78 (> 0.60) and a slip resistance value at a wet state of 52 (> 35) according to tests.
The detection shows that the distance between the nanoparticles on the surface of the ceramic tile is 1-30 μm, and the height of the nanoparticle projection on the surface of the ceramic tile is 330-360 nm.
Example 2
Firstly, uniformly distributing glaze on the surface of a ceramic tile green body, primarily firing at 700 ℃, cooling, dispersing nano titanium oxide with the average diameter of 30nm and doped with 1 wt.% of iron and 0.5 wt.% of lanthanum in ethyl acetate to form turbid liquid, adding 5 wt.% of sodium pentadecyl sulfate with the mass of 5 wt.% of the turbid liquid into the turbid liquid, uniformly stirring, uniformly spraying the sodium pentadecyl sulfate onto the surface of a ceramic tile glaze layer, firing again for 2min at 1100 ℃, and cooling to obtain the anti-skid antibacterial ceramic tile.
The antibacterial property test and the anti-slip property test methods of the tile with anti-slip and antibacterial properties prepared in example 2 are the same as those of example 1. The test results show that the antibacterial rate in one month is 97.2%, the wet static friction coefficient value is 0.77 (> 0.60) and the wet skid resistance value is 57 (> 35).
The detection shows that the distance between the nanoparticles on the surface of the ceramic tile is 10-50 μm, and the height of the nanoparticle projection on the surface of the ceramic tile is 400-482 nm.
Example 3
Firstly, uniformly distributing glaze on the surface of a ceramic tile green body, primarily firing at 650 ℃, after cooling, dispersing nano titanium oxide with the average diameter of 100nm and doped with 1.5 wt.% of cerium and nano zinc oxide with the average diameter of 220nm and doped with 0.5 wt.% of cobalt into ethyl acetate to form turbid liquid, wherein the content of the nano titanium oxide doped with cerium in the turbid liquid is 3 wt.%, and the content of the nano zinc oxide doped with cobalt is 5 wt.%, then adding sodium stearate with the mass of 8.2 wt.% of the turbid liquid, uniformly stirring, uniformly spraying the sodium stearate on the surface of a ceramic tile glaze layer, firing again at 1150 ℃ for 2min, and cooling to obtain the ceramic tile with the antiskid antibacterial property.
The antibacterial performance test and the antiskid performance test methods of the ceramic tile with antiskid and antibacterial performances prepared in example 3 are the same as those of example 1. The test results showed that the antibacterial rate for one month was 97.7%, the wet static friction coefficient value was 0.81 (> 0.60), and the wet slip resistance value was 51 (> 35).
The detection proves that the distance between the nanoparticles on the surface of the ceramic tile is 30-100 μm, and the height of the nanoparticle projection on the surface of the ceramic tile is 362-376 nm.
Comparative example 1
Firstly, uniformly distributing glaze on the surface of a ceramic tile green body, primarily firing at 800 ℃, and cooling. Adding nano zinc oxide with the average diameter of 150nm into deionized water to form a suspension, uniformly spraying the suspension with the nano zinc oxide content of 10 wt.% onto the surface of a ceramic tile glaze layer, burning again at 1200 ℃ for 1.5min, and cooling to obtain the ceramic tile.
The antibacterial property test and the anti-slip property test methods of the tile manufactured in comparative example 1 were the same as those of example 1. The test results show that the antibacterial rate is 78% in one month, the wet static friction coefficient value is 0.65 (> 0.60) and the wet skid resistance value is 36 (> 35).
The detection proves that the distance between the nano particles on the surface of the ceramic tile is 30-50nm, and the height of the nano particle protrusions on the surface of the ceramic tile is 63-75 nm.
Comparative example 2
Firstly, uniformly distributing glaze on the surface of a ceramic tile green body, primarily firing at 800 ℃, and cooling. Adding nano zinc oxide with the average diameter of 150nm into deionized water to form a suspension, adding cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide with the mass of 2.5 wt.% of the suspension into the suspension, uniformly stirring, uniformly spraying the suspension onto the surface of a ceramic tile glaze layer, burning again at 1200 ℃ for 1.5min, and cooling to obtain the ceramic tile.
The antibacterial property test and the anti-slip property test of the tile prepared in comparative example 2 were conducted in the same manner as in example 1. The test results show that the antibacterial rate of one month is 82.2%, the wet static friction coefficient value is 0.78 (> 0.60), and the wet skid resistance value is 49 (> 35).
The detection proves that the distance between the nano particles on the surface of the ceramic tile is 20-40 mu m, and the height of the nano particle protrusions on the surface of the ceramic tile is 76-95 nm.
Comparative example 3
Firstly, evenly distributing glaze on the surface of a ceramic tile green body, primarily firing at 800 ℃, and cooling. Adding nano zinc oxide with the average diameter of 150nm and doped with 0.5 wt.% of cerium into deionized water to form a suspension, uniformly spraying the suspension with the nano zinc oxide content of 10 wt.%, firing again at 1200 ℃ for 1.5min, and cooling to obtain the ceramic tile.
The antibacterial property test and the anti-slip property test methods of the tile manufactured in comparative example 3 were the same as those of example 1. The test results show that the antibacterial rate of one month is 91.4%, the wet static friction coefficient value is 0.59 (> 0.60), and the wet skid resistance value is 37 (> 35).
The detection shows that the distance between the nano particles on the surface of the ceramic tile is 40-70nm, and the height of the nano particle bulges on the surface of the ceramic tile is 52-65 nm.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of an antiskid antibacterial ceramic tile is characterized in that glaze is sprayed on the surface of a ceramic tile green body to be primarily fired to obtain the ceramic tile with a glaze layer, and then nanoparticle dispersion liquid is sprayed on the surface of the glaze layer to be roasted to obtain the antiskid antibacterial ceramic tile; dispersing the nano particles into a solvent to obtain a suspension, adding a surfactant, and uniformly stirring to obtain a nano particle dispersion;
the distance between the nano-particles on the surface of the glaze layer is 1-100 mu m, and the nano-particles protrude on the surface of the glaze layer by 300-500 nm.
2. The method for preparing the anti-slip antibacterial tile according to claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles are one or both of metal ion doped nano titanium oxide or metal ion doped nano zinc oxide, the size of the nano titanium oxide is 10-500nm, and the size of the nano zinc oxide is 10-500 nm.
3. The preparation method of the anti-skid antibacterial ceramic tile according to claim 2, wherein the doped metal ions in the nanoparticles are one or more of cerium ions, lanthanum ions, iron ions, silver ions or cobalt ions, and the mass of the doped metal ions is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the nanoparticles.
4. The method for preparing anti-slip antibacterial ceramic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of the nano-particles in the suspension is 1-20 wt.%.
5. The method for preparing the anti-slip antibacterial ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is one of water, ethanol, acetonitrile or ethyl acetate.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is one of n-heptanol, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tridecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium pentadecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium heptadecyl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate, sodium stearate, glycerol fatty acid ester, and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate.
7. The method for preparing the anti-slip antibacterial tile according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is added in an amount of 0.1-20% by mass of the suspension.
8. The method for preparing anti-slip and antibacterial ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the preliminary firing temperature is 650-1000 ℃, the preliminary firing time is 1-10min, the firing temperature is 800-1350 ℃, and the firing time is 10-120 s.
9. The method for preparing an anti-slip antibiotic ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the content of the nano particles on the surface of the ceramic tile is 1-50g per square meter.
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