CN1126241C - 反相器装置 - Google Patents
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- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/443—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
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- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
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- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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Abstract
在反相器装置中,限制连接商用交流电源时流向变换器平滑电容器的起动电流。在由变换器3、反相器4、跨接于变换器的输出端和反相器的输入端之间的正负母线间的第一平滑电容器12、和连接于变换器3和第一平滑电容器12之间的正负母线中任一方的母线上的第一电阻14和与第一电阻并联连接的第一转换装置16构成的反相器装置中,在并联连接第二电阻13和第二转换装置15的并联连接电路上,串联连接的第二平滑电容器11跨接于变换器3和第一转换装置16之间的正负母线间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有变换器的反相器装置,尤其是具有在连接商用交流电源时限制起动电流流向变换器平滑电容器的起动电流限制装置的反相器装置。
背景技术
图4表示特开平9-19154中记载的作为已往实例的具有起动电流限制装置的反相器装置的构成。
图4中,101表示三相电源,102表示停电检测电路,103表示变换器,104表示反相器,105表示电机,106表示控制电路,107和108表示继电器接点,r和R表示电流限制电阻,C1和C2表示平滑电容器,P表示正极母线,N表示负极母线。
下面说明图4构成中的动作。如图4所示,在变换器103的输出端的正极母线P和负极母线N之间连接电流限制电阻r和平滑电容器C1的串联电路,继电器接点107与电流限制电阻r并联连接。由平滑电容器C1的充电时间常数的设定来确定电流限制电阻r的阻值,由平滑电容器C1的静电容量来确定瓦特数(瞬时容量)。继电器接点107的开闭定时由停电检测电路102提供的开闭控制信号控制。另外,在输出端的正极母线P和负极母线N之间与上述同样地连接电流限制电阻R和平滑电容器C2的串联电路,继电器接点108与电流限制电阻R并联连接。继电器接点108的开闭定时也与继电器接点107一样由停电检测电路102提供的开闭控制信号控制。
在上述构成中,在连接电源时,继电器接点107和108同时打开,变换器103的输出电流的充电电流流过变换器103的输出端、正极母线P、电流限制电阻r和R、平滑电容器C1和C2、负极母线N、变换器103的负极输出端。当平滑电容器C1和C2的充电结束时,闭合继电器接点107和108,分流电流限制电阻r和R,此后,平滑电容器C1和C2的充放电分别通过继电器接点107和108进行。
在该构成中,流过继电器接点107的电流仅为连接于继电器接点107上的平滑电容器C1的充放电电流,同样地,流过继电器接点108的电流仅为连接于继电器接点108上的平滑电容器C2的充放电电流。
但是,在图4所示的上述已有构成中,连接电源时,在反相器104的晶体管正负极端子间瞬时施加由变换器103整流的直流高电压。此时,如图5所示,由于各晶体管(这里假设为IGBT晶体管)端子间存储的漂移电容而在上下两个IGBT晶体管的栅极、发射极之间产生电压,结果导致上下两个IGBT晶体管同时接通而产生短路电流,存在所谓IGBT晶体管损坏的问题。
另外,在反相器装置的再生动作时,此时,虽然电能由电机105返回到反相器装置上,但当再生时万一继电器接点误操作闭合时,就会由于再生电流通过电流限制电阻流向平滑电容器,在反相器104的正负极端子间产生瞬时高电压,超出反相器104的IGBT晶体管和变换器103的二极管的耐压,而存在将其损坏的问题。
发明概述
为了解决上述问题,根据本发明方案1,在由将交流电变换为直流电的变换器3、将变换后的直流电变换为规定频率交流电的反相器4、并联连接于所述反相器的输入端的正负母线间的第一平滑电容器12、和连接于所述变换器3和所述第一平滑电容器12之间的正负母线中任一方的母线上的第一电阻14和与所述第一电阻并联连接的第一功率继电器16构成的反相器装置中,将并联连接第二电阻13和第二功率继电器15的并联连接电路,和串联连接于上述并联连接电路的第二平滑电容器11,并联连接于所述变换器3的正负母线间。
在方案1构成中的反相器装置中,连接商用交流电源时,因为所述第一功率继电器和第二功率继电器同时开放,所以产生从变换部的正极输出端通过第一电阻、第一平滑电容器向变换器的负极输出端流动的第一平滑电容器的充电电流,和从变换部的正极输出端通过第二电阻、第二平滑电容器向变换器的负极输出端流动的第二平滑电容器的充电电流。另外,当第一、第二两个平滑电容器的充电结束时,第一、第二功率继电器同时关闭,开始反相器的功率输出操作。在该反相器功率输出操作中,虽然从商用交流电源提供相当于所述输出功率的功率,但从该商用交流电源向反相器装置的变换器提供的电流通过变换器由下面三条路径分别流过反相器装置内部后,通过变换器原样返回商用交流电源。
首先,第一路径为流经变换器正极端、第一功率继电器、第一平滑电容器、变换器负极端的路径(下面称为路径1),第二路径为流经变换器正极端、第二功率继电器、第二平滑电容器、变换器负极端的路径(下面称为路径2),第三路径为流经变换器正极端、第一功率继电器、反相器上臂处的半导体开关元件、负荷、反相器下臂处的半导体开关元件、变换器负极输出端的路径(下面称为路径3)。另外,因为从商用交流电源提供的所述电流尽管当然不是连续电流,所以在未供电时间内放电存储在所述第一、第二平滑电容器中的充电电能,进行反相器的功率输出操作。在因放电而充电电能减少的平滑电容器中,通过来自商用交流电源的电流供应,再充电减少的充电能量部分。对于这种向平滑电容器的充放电操作,商用电源如果为单相输入则以商用频率的2倍、如果为三相输入则以商用频率的6倍的频率来反复进行。
其次,在放电存储在第一、第二平滑电容器中的充电能量时,产生从第一平滑电容器通过反相器上臂处的半导体开关元件、负荷、反相器下臂处的半导体开关元件再次返回第一平滑电容器的电流路径(下面称为路径4),和从第二平滑电容器通过第二功率继电器、第一功率继电器、反相器上臂处的半导体开关元件、负荷、反相器下臂处的半导体开关元件再次返回第二平滑电容器的电流路径(下面称为路径5)。
这里,路径1和路径2的电流虽然导通时间短,但因为峰值很大,所以其有效值大,路径3的电流的导通时间短,因为峰值也不大,所以其有效值小,路径4和路径5的电流虽然导通时间长,但因为峰值不大,所以其有效值为中间值。因此,流过第一功率继电器的电流(路径1、路径3和路径5的电流)的大部分称为第一平滑电容器的充电电流,流过第二功率继电器的电流(路径2和路径5的电流)的全部称为第二平滑电容器的充放电电流。
这里,虽然当反相器装置的输出功率变大时有必要增加平滑电容器的静电容量,但通过将该增加的平滑电容器增加为如方案1所述构成的第二平滑电容器,通过上述说明的作用,基本上不增加流过第一功率继电器的电流(因为该电流的大部分为第一平滑电容器的充电电流),增加部分可处理成流过第二功率继电器的电流(为第二平滑电容器的充放电电流)。因此,即使反相器装置的输出功率变大,第一功率继电器的额定电流也不增大,即可由额定电流小的第一、第二小型功率继电器构成起动电流限制装置。
另外,当由本构成连接商用电源时,因为第一功率继电器开放,所以第一平滑电容器的充电电流由第一电阻限制,因此,作为反相器正负极端子间电压的第一平滑电容器端子间电压缓慢上升。因此,因为不会发生由存在于上臂处、下臂处的各半导体开关元件的输入端子间的漂移电容引起上述输入端子间的电压的产生,所以不会导致由此引起的半导体功率继电器的损坏。另外,在反相器装置再生操作时,即使万一功率继电器误操作闭合,因为从电机流向反相器装置上的再生能量被第一平滑电容器吸收为充电能量,所以反相器的正负端子间电压不会瞬时上升,因此,不会因超出反相器半导体开关元件或变换器二极管的耐压而导致其损坏。
如上所述,根据本发明,在由将交流电变换为直流电的变换器、将变换后的直流电变换为规定频率交流电的反相器、并联连接于所述反相器的输入端的正负母线间的第一平滑电容器、和连接于所述变换器和所述第一平滑电容器之间的正负母线中任一方的母线上的第一电阻和与所述第一电阻并联连接的第一功率继电器构成的反相器装置中,因为将并联连接第二电阻和第二功率继电器的并联连接电路,和串联连接于上述并联连接电路的第二平滑电容器并联连接于所述变换器的正负母线间,所以可由额定电流小的小型第一、第二功率继电器构成起动电流限制装置。因此,即使是额定容量大的反相器装置,因为可小型化构成小型化障碍的起动电流防止装置的功率继电器,所以可小型化反相器装置。另外,商用电源连接时的反相器各半导体开关元件的输入端子间没有产生电压,因此不用担心由此引起的各半导体开关元件的损坏,另外,在反相器装置再生操作时,即使万一第一、第二功率继电器误操作闭合时,反相器的正负端子间的电压也不会瞬时上升,因此不用担心超出反相器各半导体开关元件和变换器各整流二极管的耐压而对其产生的损坏。
附图的简要说明
图1是本发明实施例中的具有起动电流限制装置的反相器装置的构成图;
图2表示本发明实施例中流过反相器装置内部的各部电流;
图3表示本发明实施例中反相器装置内部的各部电流波形;
图4为已有实例中电源装置起动电流限制装置的构成图;
图5表示已有起动电流限制装置的商用交流电源连接时、IGBT晶体管的栅极、发射极间电压(VGE)的动作。
发明的最佳实施例
下面根据图1来说明本发明的实施例。
图1中,电流限制电阻14的阻值由平滑电容器12的充电时间常数的设定来确定,瓦特数(瞬时容量)由平滑电容器12的静电容量来确定。另外,继电器接点16的开闭定时由控制电路29提供的开闭控制信号控制。同样地,电流限制电阻13的阻值由平滑电容器11的充电时间常数的设定来确定,瓦特数(瞬时容量)由平滑电容器11的静电容量来确定。另外,继电器接点15的开闭定时由控制电路29提供的开闭控制信号控制。在上述构成中,连接电源时,继电器接点15和16同时开放,从商用交流电源1通过变换部3的正极输出端、电流限制电阻14和13、平滑电容器12和11、变换部3的负极输出端的路径向各平滑电容器流入充电电流。当平滑电容器12和11的充电结束时,继电器接点16和15对应于控制电路29的关闭信号输出而关闭,之后,分别通过继电器接点16和15对平滑电容器12和11充放电。在反相器4的功率输出动作中,虽然从商用交流电源1提供相当于所述功率输出的功率,但从该商用交流电源1通过反相器装置的变换器3提供的电流通过下面三条路径分别流过反相器装置内部后,通过变换器3原样返回商用交流电源1。
首先,第一路径为流经继电器接点16、平滑电容器12、变换器3负极端的路径(下面称为路径1),第二路径为流经继电器接点15、平滑电容器11、变换器3负极端的路径(下面称为路径2),第三路径为流经继电器接点16、IGBT晶体管17-19、电机2、IGBT晶体管20-22、变换器3的负极输出端的路径(下面称为路径3)。另外,因为从商用交流电源1提供的所述电流当然不是连续电流,所以在未供电时间内放电存储在平滑电容器11和12中的充电电能,进行反相器的功率输出操作。在因放电而充电电能减少的各平滑电容器中,通过来自商用交流电源1的电流供应,再充电减少的充电能量部分。对于这种向平滑电容器11和12的充放电操作,因为商用交流电源为三相输入,所以以商用频率的6倍频率来反复进行。
其次,在放电存储在平滑电容器11和12中的充电能量时,产生从平滑电容器12通过IGBT晶体管17-19、电机2、IGBT晶体管20-22再次返回平滑电容器12的电流路径(下面称为路径4),和从平滑电容器11通过继电器接点15、继电器接点16、IGBT晶体管17-19、电机2、IGBT晶体管20-22再次返回平滑电容器11的电流路径(下面称为路径5)。表示流过该继电器接点16的电流(经由路径1、路径3和路径5的电流)为图3中的(is1),表示流过该继电器接点15的电流(经由路径2和路径5的电流)为图3中的(is2)。这里,大部分(is1)的有效值电流为流经路径1的电流、即流向平滑电容器12的充电电流,(is2)全部为平滑电容器11的充放电电流。另外,图3中,(ic1)表示平滑电容器12的充放电电流,(i1)表示商用交流电源1提供的电流。
在该实施例中,虽然通过连接图1所示的平滑电容器11、电流限制电阻13和继电器接点15来实施反相器装置输出功率变大所必需的平滑电容器的静电容量的增加,但通过该连接的上述说明的作用,基本上不增加流过继电器接点16的电流(因为该电流的大部分为平滑电容器12的充电电流),增加部分可作为流过继电器接点15的电流(平滑电容器11的充放电电流)来处理。因此,即使反相器装置的输出功率变大,继电器接点16的额定电流也不增大,即可由额定电流小的继电器接点16和15的小型功率继电器构成起动电流限制装置。
另外,在本实施例中,当连接商用电源时,因为继电器接点16开放,所以平滑电容器12的充电电流由电流限制电阻14限制,因此,作为反相器4正负极端子间电压的平滑电容器12的端子间电压缓慢上升。因此,因为不会发生由存在于反相器4的名IGBT晶体管17-22的输入端子间的漂移电容引起栅极、发射极间的电压的产生,所以不会导致由此引起的各IGBT晶体管的损坏。
另外,在反相器装置再生操作时,即使万一继电器接点15和16误操作闭合,因为电机2流向反相器装置上的再生能量被平滑电容器12吸收为充电能量,所以反相器4的正负端子间电压不会瞬时上升,因此,也不会因超出反相器4的各IGBT晶体管17-22或变换器3的各整流二极管5-10的耐压而导致其损坏。
如上所述,本发明的反相器装置尤其适用于连接商用交流电源时具有限制变换器平滑电容器的起动电流的起动电流限制装置的反相器装置。另外,即使反相器的输出功能变大,因为由额定电流小的继电器接点16和15的小型功率继电器构成起动电流限制装置,所以非常适用于小型化反相器装置。
Claims (1)
1.一种反相器装置,包括:将交流电变换为直流电的变换器、将变换后的直流电变换为规定频率的交流电的反相器、并联连接于所述反相器的输入端的正负母线间的第一平滑电容器、连接于所述变换器和所述第一平滑电容器之间的正负母线中任一方的母线上的第一电阻、和与所述第一电阻并联连接的第一功率继电器,其特征在于:
将并联连接第二电阻和第二功率继电器的并联连接电路,和串联连接于上述并联连接电路的第二平滑电容器,并联连接于所述变换器的正负母线间。
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JP373694/1998 | 1998-12-28 | ||
JP37369498A JP4284478B2 (ja) | 1998-12-28 | 1998-12-28 | インバータ装置 |
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EP (1) | EP1168588A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4284478B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100633847B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1126241C (zh) |
TW (1) | TW457760B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2000041293A1 (zh) |
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- 1998-12-28 JP JP37369498A patent/JP4284478B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1999
- 1999-12-22 EP EP99961349A patent/EP1168588A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-22 CN CN99815100A patent/CN1126241C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-22 TW TW088122672A patent/TW457760B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-22 WO PCT/JP1999/007254 patent/WO2000041293A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-22 US US09/856,492 patent/US6353545B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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EP1168588A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
JP4284478B2 (ja) | 2009-06-24 |
CN1332903A (zh) | 2002-01-23 |
KR100633847B1 (ko) | 2006-10-16 |
EP1168588A4 (en) | 2009-02-18 |
WO2000041293A1 (fr) | 2000-07-13 |
US6353545B1 (en) | 2002-03-05 |
KR20010102962A (ko) | 2001-11-17 |
JP2000197371A (ja) | 2000-07-14 |
TW457760B (en) | 2001-10-01 |
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