CN1126178A - 电解处理工业废水的方法和装置 - Google Patents

电解处理工业废水的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1126178A
CN1126178A CN95103540A CN95103540A CN1126178A CN 1126178 A CN1126178 A CN 1126178A CN 95103540 A CN95103540 A CN 95103540A CN 95103540 A CN95103540 A CN 95103540A CN 1126178 A CN1126178 A CN 1126178A
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维利·维特
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Abstract

本发明涉及一用电解法来处理工业废水的方法，根据本发明，使废水通过输入直流电的电极，电极用直流电脉冲加以输入，废水流也以脉冲方式进行加速并以一升高的流速把废水强制地导向电极，这样提高了去除毒性物质的效率并且能耗降低，电极板寿命延长。

Description

电解处理工业废水的方法和装置
本发明与电解处理工业废水的方法有关，废水在电解反应器内经直流电极进行处理。
由浮洗电解法处理工业废水的方法是大家熟知的，此方法中采用了电解消耗的铁和铝电极，板状电极各自呈串联布置，流经曲折通道的废水通过金属板极。铁和铝板极组的顺序布置是想要在大的PH值范围内达到浮洗，并且不必添加所需要的化学物质从而取得足够清的水质。在浮洗电解法中，在废水中的金属被氧化，乳化液裂解并且油成分转化成泡沫相。事实上，通过用作阳极和阴极的电极之间的电解作用，就产生细小气泡，释放出的氧用来氧化废水中的物质。在气泡将氧化过程中形成的絮凝物赶至形成有泡沫床的表面时，重的杂质颗粒沉到箱底，这样在上面泡沫床和箱底重的杂质成分之间形成了一洁净相—这种由电解浮洗法处理废水的过程用直流电操作，在电解时，电极有规律地被溶解(参阅德国专利DE—PS3641365)
本发明的目的是提供一处理上文所述结构类型的工业废水的方法，从而改进了去除毒性物质的效率，电极的使用寿命延长而耗能减少。此外，还提供了特别适合实施该方法的装置。
有关此方法，根据本发明，电极通入直流电脉冲。在本发明内，操作是采用输入一定量的周期性直流脉冲。由于脉冲状直流电输入(激活)电极，就会惊奇地发现由于水裂变而形成的微小气泡(氢和氧)，这也就引起废水中的毒性物质进一步氧化，如果电极输入一高达800赫至少超过500赫的脉冲重复频率，就能以最佳方式达到预定效果。根据本发明的建议，废水流按脉冲方式加速并以逐渐升高的流速强制地导向电极。废水的脉冲式加速是在废水流入到电解反应器的入口处借助泵来完成，用此方式可获相对较窄的脉冲这就增大了废水流在电极表面区的摩擦。这样废水带走气泡而有毒物质在此积聚，这就防止形成会妨碍废水在电极和电势之间流动的结块。事实上在凝聚时，上述方法提了效率并且防止产生由于结块而在电极表面造成绝缘效应的沉淀，因此就不会增加因克服绝缘效应层而所需的能耗。此外，通过电解反应器中流速脉冲式升高的废水保证可获得微小和很细小的气泡。增加表面面积的合成效应促进了这些很细小气泡和有毒物质成分之间的化学反应因此也就增进了凝聚效率。另外，使流速脉冲式升高的废水强制导向电极，可使绕着阳极和阴极板流动并与之接触的废水流均匀冲刷阳极和阴极。在任何情况下，电解反应器是封闭的，沿着电极的脉冲式高速水流也可防止不希望有的气水两相的快速分离以及气泡在电极表面的集聚。由此可保证了反应气泡的利用率及与有毒物质成分之间接触时间。根据本发明另一个有独立意义的建议，流过分成几部分的电极的废水流的导电率可从一电极部分到另一电极部分进行测量，而所加到各单个电极部分的直流电则根据各自测量的废水导电率加以调节，例如，在整个电极部分的区域内保持5安/厘米2的电流密度是最佳的而直流电(DC)根据在废水中所测的电势以变化方式加到电极上，且在各单个电极部分区域内是变化的。所以电解反应器入口处通常加一低电平而同时在电解反应器的出口处要加一较高的电平以保证在全部电极部分区域内的均匀电流密度。这就保证了最佳的电能供给量，特别是保证均匀的电极利用率因而减小了能耗而且电极的寿命增加。总之，根据本发明在单独废水处理中效率的提高适于大规模应用。这也就不需添加化学品来稳定絮凝物或减小泡沫的形成，用本发明方法能消除诸如重金属、染料、石油、脂肪、溶剂以及盐等毒性物质。
本发明也涉及有至少有一个带电极板的电解反应器的装置，这些相互以一定间隔平行设置沿水平或垂直方向对齐的电极板形成一曲折的废水导引通道，这种装置特别适合于实施本发明方法。该装置其特征在于：电极板的平行表面之间形成了曲折的导引通道，这样废水流在曲折通道内被强制地导引到电极表面。根据本发明，还能制造其它一些迷宫式水流通道来代替曲折通道，但是本发明的强制导引不仅保证在串联布置的电极板间形成一曲折废水通道而且还保证在电极板表面本身形成曲折通道。因而就能形成有收敛的水流截面，该收敛的截面可使一脉冲加速式水流使围绕阳极和阴极板并与其接触的废水均匀地冲刷阳极和阴极板，水平结构和垂直结构的装置均可获得上述结果。为了实现电极板上的强制导向，在电极板的一侧边上，电极板可有曲折的导向带，同时电极板另一侧边倚靠在邻近电极板的导向带上，在每种情况下，电极板组的外侧板与反应器壁适当地间隔开。根据本发明的另一个实施例，具有二个或多个凝聚箱串联组成的多级静止装置安置在电解反应器的下游以及一细流***至少与第一凝聚箱相连，废水通道穿过多级静止装置和具有一中心入口和出口的凝聚箱且在凝聚箱中循环布置，这样在静止阶段会产生最佳的厚凝聚效果。借助细流***和第一凝聚箱内的表面移动，就能防止水面任何不想要的泡沫这样可保证固体颗粒处理过程清洁、便宜、简便。
下文参照解释一实施例的附图将详细说明本发明。附图中：
图1图示出一处理工业废水的工厂；
图2是图1所示的厂内的一卧式电解反应器；
图3是图2通过A—B剖面线的剖视图；
图4是图1所示的工厂内的立式电解反应器所取的一立面剖视图。
图1说明一处理工业废水的工厂，废水处理厂一般有一中和箱1，一电解反应器2，一尾随其后的静止装置3，3与二个腔室的过滤器或合适的离心机4相连，两个压滤器各有一清洁水箱5。进入的废水的PH值在中和箱1中进行检测，如果必要的话，对废水进行中和，中和后的废水泵入电解反应器2，在2中废水通过输入直流电的电极6，电极为电极板6或相互以一定间隔平行设置的阳极板和阴极板。在所述的实施例中，电极板呈水平对准且相应于串联状布置而形成一曲折的废水通道。另外，在电极板6的平行表面之间形成曲折的导槽7这样废水流在电极板表面形成的一曲折通道内强制导向。在一侧边上，电极板6有曲折的导向带8，同时在另一侧边，电极板6倚靠在邻近的电极板6的导向带8上并与这些导向带一起形成了导槽7。
与此相应的曲折导槽7也形成在电极板组的外侧电极板和电解反应器2的有关外壁之间。在电解反应器2之后有一带有三个串联的凝聚箱9的三级静止装置3，一细流***10与9相连从而达到最佳的厚的凝聚同时又避免在水面上形成任何泡沫，溢流管11设置在单个凝聚箱9之间。清洁状态水则输到第一腔室压滤器4(大的生产能力)而脏水则输到第二腔室压滤器4(较小的生产能力)。

Claims (9)

1)一处理工业废水的方法，其中在一电解反应器内，废水通过直流输入的电极，其特征在于电极用直流脉冲输入。
2)根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于向电极输入一可高达800赫并且至少大于500赫的脉冲重复频率。
3)根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于废水流以脉冲方式加速并以一升高的流速强制导向电极。
4)根据权利要求1至3之一任一项所述的方法，其特征在于当废水进入电解反应器，废水流以短脉冲进行加速。
5)根据权利要求1至4之一任一项所述的方法，其特征在于通过分成几部分电极的废水流，导电率可从一电极部分到另一电极部分进行测量得到，其中加到各单个电极部分的直流电根据各自测量到的废水导电率进行调节，在全部的电极部分区域内，保持一最佳的电流密度。
6)根据权利要求1至5之任一项所述的实施该方法的装置，有至少一个带电极板的电解反应器，相互以一定间隔平行设置的电极板沿水平或垂直方向对齐形成一曲折的废水导引通道，其特征在于曲折导向槽7形成在电极板(6)的平行表面之间，这样废水流在曲折的通道内强制导向电极板表面。
7)根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于在电极板(6)一个侧面有曲折的导向带(8)，而电极板另一侧面则倚靠在邻近电极板的导向带(8)上。
8)根据权利要求6或7所述的装置，其特征在于一带有二个或多个串联凝聚箱(9)的多级静止装置(6)安置在电解反应器(2)的下游，其中一细流***(10)至少与第一凝聚箱相连。
9)根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于凝聚箱(9)在一定的高度外通过溢流管(11)相互连结用来排出清洁状态水。
CN95103540A 1994-03-26 1995-03-25 电解处理工业废水的方法和装置 Pending CN1126178A (zh)

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