CN112544814B - Chicken feed based on plant metal ion chelating liquid and application thereof - Google Patents
Chicken feed based on plant metal ion chelating liquid and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of microbial diversity feed processing, in particular to chicken feed based on plant metal ion chelating liquid and application thereof, selenium and/or iron chelating liquid of small leaf silver albizia, alfalfa, mulberry leaf and elephant grass is mainly researched, and the research shows that the antioxidant capacity of the alfalfa-selenium chelating liquid is far higher than that of other pasture grass, the DPPH scavenging capacity of the alfalfa-selenium chelating liquid reaches 93 percent and is equivalent to that of vitamin C; according to feeding experiments, the plant chelating liquid can obviously reduce the drip loss rate of chicken and improve the quality of chicken when being added into basic feed, and through formula researches, the plant chelating liquid has the most prominent drip loss rate reducing capability on chicken when the feed formula is preferably 4% by mass of alfalfa-selenium chelate, 2% by mass of elephant grass-iron chelate and 94% by mass of basic feed, and the reducing effect reaches 74.82%, so that the chicken quality of the Jinling local chickens can be effectively improved.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The application relates to the technical field of microbial diversity feed processing, in particular to a chicken feed based on plant metal ion chelating liquid and application thereof.
[ background Art ]
The chicken in the Jinling land is one of the special chicken breeds cultivated in Guangxi at present, the chicken breeds are delicious in taste, fine in meat quality and praised by people, the cultivation of the chicken breeds is still in a rough stage at present, and a farmer does not study the feed formula of the chicken breeds; in the breeding process of the chickens of the variety, the applicant finds that the meat quality of the chickens of the variety is greatly influenced by different feeds, and particularly after the chickens are bred in a captivity, the meat quality of the chickens of the variety becomes rough, which is possibly caused by excessive protein and lipid contents in the feeds, so that the applicant has continuously studied on the feed formula in order to study and improve the meat quality; in previous researches, the effect of improving the oxidation resistance of chelate by chelating plant extracts and metal ions is reported, however, the related researches also show that the oxidation resistance of chelate by different plant and different metal ions is different, and if the oxidation resistance in the feed is enhanced, the oxidation resistance in the feed can prevent the automatic oxidation of fat in the feed, and the substances for prolonging the storage time of the feed have better effect on improving the taste of the feed; the prior art also shows that the proper amount of antioxidant added into the daily ration can reduce the damage of oxidative stress to animals, and simultaneously can effectively improve the quality of animal meat.
[ application ]
The application aims to provide plant metal ion chelating liquid and application thereof in preparing feed for improving chicken quality, wherein the metal chelating liquid has strong oxidation resistance, can effectively reduce the drip loss rate of chicken, and has the purpose of improving chicken quality after feeding the chicken in Jinling.
The preparation method of the plant metal ion chelating liquid comprises the following steps: mixing fresh plants with water, decocting, filtering, centrifuging to obtain precipitate to obtain extract, preparing into saturated extract solution, and adding metal ion salt solution into the saturated extract solution.
Further, the plant is Acacia faba, mulberry leaf, alfalfa and/or elephant grass; the metal ion salt solution is sodium selenite solution and/or ferrous sulfate solution.
The application also comprises application of the plant metal ion chelating liquid in antioxidation.
The application also comprises a feed containing the plant metal ion chelating liquid, wherein the feed contains alfalfa-selenium chelate and/or elephant grass-iron chelate.
Further, the feed also comprises a basic feed, wherein the basic feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: corn flour 50%, tapioca flour 5%, rice flour 11%, soybean meal 18%, rice bran 13%, soybean oil 1%, corn germ oil 1%, salt 0.1%, vitamin D0.4% and vitamin E0.5%.
Further, the preparation method of the alfalfa-selenium chelate comprises the following steps: mixing fresh alfalfa and water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, taking the centrifugal precipitate, drying to obtain alfalfa extract, slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of alfalfa extract, preparing sodium selenite solid into a solution with a mol/L ratio of 0.1 by using distilled water, and mixing the sodium selenite solution with the saturated solution of alfalfa extract according to a volume ratio of 1:1.
Further, the preparation method of the elephant grass-iron chelate comprises the following steps: mixing fresh elephant grass with water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, drying the centrifugal precipitate to obtain a elephant grass extract, and slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of the elephant grass extract; preparing a ferrous sulfate solution with the volume ratio of 0.1mol/L, and then mixing the ferrous sulfate solution with a saturated solution of the elephant grass extract according to the volume ratio of 1:1.
The application also comprises the application of the feed of the plant metal ion chelating liquid in reducing the drip loss rate of chicken.
Further, the most preferred composition of the feed is: the alfalfa-selenium chelate is 4% by mass, the elephant grass-iron chelate is 2% by mass, and the addition amount of the alfalfa-selenium chelate is 94% by mass.
Further, the chicken variety is a Jinling local item chicken.
The application has the following beneficial effects:
the application is researched by plant metal chelating liquid, and mainly researches selenium and/or iron chelating liquid of the acacia senegal, the alfalfa, the mulberry leaf and the elephant grass, and researches show that the antioxidant capacity of the alfalfa-selenium chelating liquid is far higher than that of other pastures, the scavenging capacity of the alfalfa-selenium chelating liquid to DPPH reaches 93 percent and is equivalent to that of vitamin C; according to feeding experiments, the plant chelating liquid can obviously reduce the drip loss rate of chicken and improve the quality of chicken when being added into basic feed, and through formula researches, the plant chelating liquid has the most prominent drip loss rate reducing capability on chicken when the feed formula is preferably 4% by mass of alfalfa-selenium chelate, 2% by mass of elephant grass-iron chelate and 94% by mass of basic feed, and the reducing effect reaches 74.82%, so that the chicken quality of the Jinling local chickens can be effectively improved.
[ detailed description ] of the application
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be provided with respect to each feature disclosed herein, unless otherwise indicated, as an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1:
the embodiment aims at the chelation method of different extracts to selenium element:
1. chelation method of YHH-Se (Levalia Albizziae-Se):
(1) Preparing an acacia extracting solution: mixing fresh acacia senegal with water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, drying the centrifugal precipitate to obtain an acacia senegal extract, and slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of the acacia senegal extract;
(2) Preparing a solution of 0.1mol/L of sodium selenite solid by using distilled water, and then mixing the sodium selenite solution with the saturated solution in the step (1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the YHH-Se chelating liquid.
2. The chelation method of SY-Se (mulberry leaf-Se):
(1) Preparing mulberry leaf extract: mixing fresh mulberry leaves and water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, drying the centrifugal precipitate to obtain a mulberry leaf extract, and slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of the mulberry leaf extract;
(2) Preparing a solution of 0.1mol/L sodium selenite solid by using distilled water, and then mixing the sodium selenite solution with the saturated solution in the step (1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the SY-Se chelating liquid.
3. Chelating method of MX-Se (alfalfa-Se):
(1) Preparing alfalfa extract: mixing fresh alfalfa and water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, drying the centrifugal precipitate to obtain alfalfa extract, and slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of alfalfa extract;
(2) Preparing a solution of 0.1mol/L sodium selenite solid by distilled water, and then mixing the sodium selenite solution with the saturated solution in the step (1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the MX-Se chelating liquid.
4. The chelation method of XC-Se (elephant grass-Se):
(1) Preparing a elephant grass extracting solution: mixing fresh elephant grass with water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, drying the centrifugal precipitate to obtain a elephant grass extract, and slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of the elephant grass extract;
(2) Preparing a solution of 0.1mol/L sodium selenite solid by using distilled water, and then mixing the sodium selenite solution with the saturated solution in the step (1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the XC-Se chelating liquid.
Example 2:
since selenium is an important component of in vivo phospholipid hydrogen peroxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHP-x) and can scavenge free radicals formed by in vivo cells, it is preferable to perform antioxidant capacity tests on several chelates of example 1.
The clearance ability of each group to DPPH was measured by using 0.1mol/L sodium selenite solution as a negative control group, vc as a positive control, and several chelate liquids of example 1 as experimental groups, respectively, as follows:
2mL of YHH-Se, SY-Se, MX-Se and XC-Se chelating liquid and 0.1mol/L of sodium selenite solution are respectively taken in a 10mL test tube, 2mL of 0.2mol/L DPPH-ethanol solution are respectively added, evenly mixed, heated in a constant temperature water bath kettle at 37 ℃ in a dark place for 30min, and then absorbance As is measured at 517 nm; taking 2mL of the sample solution with corresponding concentration, adding 2mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, measuring absorbance Ax at 517nm under the same condition, replacing the reaction solution with distilled water, reacting for 30min under the same condition, and measuring absorbance A at 517nm 0 . DPPH clearance was calculated as follows:
2 results and analysis
See table 1 for specific results:
TABLE 1 scavenging ability test for DPPH
| Experimental group | YHH-Se | SY-Se | MX-Se | XC-Se | Sodium selenite (Se-Na) | Vc |
| DPPH scavenging ability | 75％ | 82％ | 93％ | 68％ | 30％ | 97％ |
As can be seen from table 1, the scavenging ability of the chelate compound to DPPH is as follows in order from high to low: MX-Se > SY-Se > YHH-Se > XC-Se; all are larger than sodium selenite and smaller than Vc, thus indicating that the chelation of the plant extract and selenium can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of the chelate, which is probably caused by the fact that the extract contains various phenolic substances.
Example 3:
the embodiment aims at the chelation method of iron elements by different extracts:
1. chelation method of YHH-Fe (Levalia Albizzia-Fe):
(3) Preparing an acacia extracting solution: mixing fresh acacia senegal with water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, drying the centrifugal precipitate to obtain an acacia senegal extract, and slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of the acacia senegal extract;
(4) Preparing a ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, and then mixing the ferrous sulfate solution with the saturated solution in the step (1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the YHH-Fe chelating liquid.
2. The chelation method of SY-Fe (mulberry leaf-Fe):
(1) Preparing mulberry leaf extract: mixing fresh mulberry leaves and water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, drying the centrifugal precipitate to obtain a mulberry leaf extract, and slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of the mulberry leaf extract;
(2) Preparing a ferrous sulfate solution with the volume ratio of 0.1mol/L, and then mixing the ferrous sulfate solution with the saturated solution in the step (1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the SY-Fe chelating liquid.
3. Chelation method of MX-Fe (alfalfa-Fe):
(1) Preparing alfalfa extract: mixing fresh alfalfa and water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, drying the centrifugal precipitate to obtain alfalfa extract, and slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of alfalfa extract;
(2) Preparing a ferrous sulfate solution with the volume ratio of 0.1mol/L, and then mixing the ferrous sulfate solution with the saturated solution in the step (1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the MX-Fe chelating liquid.
4. The chelation method of XC-Fe (elephant grass-Fe):
(1) Preparing a elephant grass extracting solution: mixing fresh elephant grass with water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, drying the centrifugal precipitate to obtain a elephant grass extract, and slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of the elephant grass extract;
(2) Preparing a ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, and then mixing the ferrous sulfate solution with the saturated solution in the step (1) according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the XC-Fe chelating liquid.
Example 4:
this example was used to examine the oxidation resistance of various iron chelates prepared in example 3, and is specifically as follows:
2mL of YHH-Fe, SY-Fe, MX-Fe and XC-Fe chelate liquid are respectively taken in 10mL test tubes, 2mL of 0.2mol/L DPPH-ethanol solution is respectively added, evenly mixed, heated in a constant temperature water bath kettle at 37 ℃ in a dark place for 30min, and the absorbance As is measured at 517 nm; taking 2mL of the sample solution with corresponding concentration, adding 2mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, measuring absorbance Ax at 517nm under the same condition, replacing the reaction solution with distilled water, reacting for 30min under the same condition, and measuring absorbance A at 517nm 0 . DPPH clearance was calculated as follows:
2 results and analysis
See table 2 for specific results:
TABLE 2 scavenging ability test for DPPH
| Experimental group | YHH-Fe | SY-Fe | MX-Fe | XC-Fe | Vc |
| DPPH scavenging ability | 74％ | 63％ | 81％ | 75％ | 97％ |
As can be seen from table 2, the scavenging ability of the chelate compound to DPPH is as follows, in order from high to low: as can be seen from the comparison of Table 2 and Table 1, the DPPH scavenging ability of the Fe chelate is lower than that of the Se chelate, and the tendency of the DPPH scavenging ability of the metal ion chelate to be different from each other is not uniform from the comparison of Table 2 and Table 1, for example: the oxidation resistance of the elephant grass iron chelate is higher than that of the elephant grass selenium chelate; therefore, the chelation process between different metal ions and plant extracts is relatively complex, and the applicant deduces that the metal ions can be combined with certain groups such as amino acid in the extracts in a covalent bond form to form a new chelate, and the oxidation resistance of the chelate is required to be verified and researched by experiments because the components of the extracts are relatively complex.
Example 5:
the ion chelate is applied to feed, and a feeding experiment is carried out, so that the influence of the chelate on meat quality is mainly detected, and the method is as follows:
the basic feed adopted in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of corn flour, 5% of tapioca flour, 11% of rice flour, 18% of soybean meal, 13% of rice bran, 1% of soybean oil, 1% of corn germ oil, 0.1% of salt, 0.4% of vitamin D and 0.5% of vitamin E
Feeding feed: the related chelate compounds of the example 1 and the example 3 are respectively added into basic feed, and the addition amount is 2% of the total mass of the feed; the following feeding experiments were then performed:
the test is carried out in a chicken farm of Guangxi livestock research institute, and chickens with the age of 60 days are selected, and the variety is the chicken in the Jinling soil.
The 144-feather chickens with similar weights are randomly divided into 8 groups, 3 repeats are arranged in each group, 6-feather chickens (half of the male and female chickens) are repeated, and 3-feather chickens are raised in each cage. Pre-test period 7d, test formal period 60d. Cage culture, free feeding and drinking, natural illumination, environment humidity of about 65%, good ventilation and cleanness and sanitation maintenance.
The feed groups for feeding are as follows:
group 1: 2% by mass of YHH-Se and 98% by mass of basic feed;
group 2: 2% of SY-Se and 98% of basic feed are mixed;
group 3: 2% of MX-Se and 98% of basic feed;
group 4: 2% of XC-Se and 98% of basic feed;
group 5: YHH-Fe with the mass percentage of 2% and basic feed with the mass percentage of 98% are mixed
Group 6: 2% of SY-Fe by mass and 98% of basic feed by mass are mixed;
group 7: mixing 2% of MX-Fe and 98% of basic feed;
group 8: mixing XC-Fe with the mass percentage of 2% and basic feed with the mass percentage of 98%;
control group: a basal feed.
The feeding method comprises the following steps: after the experimental period was completed, a male hen and a female hen of each group of experiments were randomly selected for slaughter, and the flesh color, the drip loss rate, the shearing force and the pH value of the drumstick flesh were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 influence of the feeds of the groups on the quality of chicken
| Group of | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | Group 6 | Group 7 | Group 8 | Control group |
| Flesh color | 65.3 | 64.5 | 75.3 | 69.5 | 84.5 | 85.3 | 84.6 | 86.2 | 64.6 |
| Drip loss | 3.93 | 3.19 | 2.74 | 3.14 | 3.25 | 3.02 | 3.08 | 2.93 | 4.09 |
| Shear force (N) | 41.02 | 38.25 | 32.78 | 36.35 | 30.25 | 31.20 | 31.75 | 27.74 | 51.25 |
| pH | 5.81 | 5.70 | 5.77 | 5.86 | 5.67 | 5.76 | 5.89 | 5.71 | 5.94 |
As can be seen from table 3, the meat color values of groups 1 to 4 are lower than those of groups 5 to 8, indicating that Fe can darken the chicken color, while Se does not greatly affect the chicken color, and in groups 1 to 4, groups 1, 2 and 4 are not much different from those of the control group, so that it can be estimated that the above organic selenium does not greatly affect the chicken color, but that group 3 can enhance the chicken color as compared with the control group, indicating that the alfalfa-selenium chelate can improve the chicken color, but its improvement ability is still not as good as that of the iron chelate; groups 1-8 were lower than the control group in terms of drip loss rate and shear force, thus demonstrating that chicken produced by groups 1-8 were more tender and fleshy than the control group, but that the different chelates were not identical in their ability to improve chicken tenderness in terms of comparison between groups 1-8, with no apparent regularity, but groups 3 and 7 were lower in drip loss and shear force than the other experimental groups, thus demonstrating that alfalfa-selenium chelate and elephant grass-iron chelate had a greater effect on chicken drip loss and shear force than the other experimental groups.
Example 6:
two substances with the greatest influence on chicken quality in example 5 were selected: further experiments were carried out on alfalfa-selenium chelate and elephant grass-iron chelate, and the feeding process and grouping selection were consistent with example 5, and the proper addition amount of alfalfa-selenium chelate and elephant grass-iron chelate in basal feed was studied by using the drip loss rate as the only index, and the concrete steps are as follows:
TABLE 4 influence of MX-Se (alfalfa-selenium chelate) addition on chicken quality
| Weight percent | 2％ | 4％ | 6％ | 8％ | 10％ |
| Drip loss Rate (%) | 2.74 | 1.93 | 2.02 | 2.13 | 2.86 |
As is clear from Table 4, the more the amount of the chelate compound added, the lower the drip loss rate of chicken meat, and thus, it was revealed that the excessive amount of the chelate compound added may cause selenium poisoning, affect the growth and development of chicken meat, and lower the meat quality, and the amount of the chelate compound added was preferably 4 to 6%.
TABLE 5 influence of XC-Fe (elephant grass-iron chelate) addition on chicken quality
| Weight percent | 2％ | 4％ | 6％ | 8％ | 10％ |
| Drip loss Rate (%) | 2.93 | 2.51 | 2.83 | 3.01 | 3.21 |
As is clear from Table 5, the more the amount of the chelate compound added, the lower the drip loss rate of chicken meat, and thus it is shown that too much amount of the chelate compound added may cause adverse effects of Fe on chicken, thereby affecting the growth and development of chicken, and resulting in a decrease in meat quality, with an addition amount of 2% -6% being most suitable.
Thus, further experiments were performed with 2% -4% alfalfa-selenium chelate and 2% -6% elephant grass-iron chelate with basal feed for drip loss rates, as follows:
TABLE 6 influence of Compound feed on chicken quality
As is clear from Table 6, the drip loss rate of group 1 was the lowest, and therefore, in the compound feed, when the alfalfa-selenium chelate addition amount was 4%, the elephant grass-iron chelate addition amount was 2%, and the basal feed was 94%, the drip loss rate was the lowest, the chicken quality was the best, and the meat quality was the most fresh.
In conclusion, experiments are carried out on a plurality of different metal ion plant chelating liquids, the fact that the metal ion plant chelating liquid has a strong antioxidation function is found, after the experiments of feeding prove, the improvement of alfalfa-selenium and elephant grass-iron in the chelating liquid on chicken quality is most obvious, and the matching of the two chelating liquids can effectively reduce the drip loss rate of chicken and improve the freshness of chicken, so that the chicken quality is improved.
The foregoing description is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the application, and all equivalent changes or modifications that can be made under the technical spirit of the present application shall fall within the scope of the application.
Claims (4)
1. A feed containing plant metal ion chelate liquid, which is characterized by comprising 4% of alfalfa-selenium chelate by mass percent, 2% of elephant grass-iron chelate by mass percent and 94% of basic feed;
the feed also comprises a basic feed, wherein the basic feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: corn flour 50%, tapioca flour 5%, rice flour 11%, soybean meal 18%, rice bran 13%, soybean oil 1%, corn germ oil 1%, salt 0.1%, vitamin D0.4% and vitamin E0.5%;
the preparation method of the alfalfa-selenium chelate comprises the following steps: mixing fresh alfalfa and water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, taking a centrifugal precipitate, drying to obtain an alfalfa extract, slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of the alfalfa extract, preparing a sodium selenite solid into a solution with a mol/L ratio of 0.1 by using distilled water, and mixing the sodium selenite solution with the saturated solution of the alfalfa extract according to a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain the alfalfa extract;
the preparation method of the elephant grass-iron chelate comprises the following steps: mixing fresh elephant grass with water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1h, cooling, filtering at room temperature, centrifuging, drying the centrifugal precipitate to obtain a elephant grass extract, and slowly adding water into the extract to prepare a saturated solution of the elephant grass extract; preparing a ferrous sulfate solution with the volume ratio of 0.1mol/L, and then mixing the ferrous sulfate solution with a saturated solution of the elephant grass extract according to the volume ratio of 1:1.
2. Use of the feed of a plant metal ion chelating solution of claim 1 for reducing the rate of drip loss of chicken.
3. The use of the feed of plant metal ion chelating liquid according to claim 1 for antioxidation.
4. The use of the feed according to claim 2 for reducing the rate of drip loss of chicken, wherein the chicken species is a chicken of the type jejunum.
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