CN112538045B - 一种铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法 - Google Patents

一种铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法 Download PDF

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CN112538045B
CN112538045B CN202011376126.0A CN202011376126A CN112538045B CN 112538045 B CN112538045 B CN 112538045B CN 202011376126 A CN202011376126 A CN 202011376126A CN 112538045 B CN112538045 B CN 112538045B
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姚子健
零春
王洋
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法,包括将2‑氨基苄醇、苯乙酮衍生物、碱性试剂、铜催化剂以及含氮配体在有机溶剂中混合,并在室温下反应6‑12h;反应结束后,将所得反应液依次经过浓缩、柱层析分离,即得到相应的喹啉衍生物。与现有技术相比,本发明使用廉价易得的2‑氨基苄醇和苯乙酮衍生物为原料,以性质稳定的碘化亚铜CuI或溴化亚铜CuBr为催化剂,直接构建含喹啉骨架的衍生物,避免有毒试剂的使用,符合绿色化学的发展理念,并具有操作简单、反应条件温和、底物普适性好等优点,在药物中间体合成方面表现出巨大的应用潜力。

Description

一种铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法
技术领域
本发明属于合成化学技术领域,涉及一种铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法。
背景技术
喹啉衍生物是一类重要的含氮苯并杂环化合物,因其具有良好的药理活性、生物活性和光学活性而被广泛应用于医药、农药和材料等领域。喹啉骨架结构的经典合成路线是以取代苯胺、β-二羰基化合物或β-酮酯为原料在强酸性条件下缩合得到。然而,该方法反应条件苛刻、官能团耐受性差、区域选择性难以控制,从而限制了其在有机合成中的应用。后来研究人员陆续开发了多种新方法,如利用叠氮苯甲醛和马来酰亚胺作为原料来合成喹啉衍生物,虽然反应条件不再苛刻,但因使用了高毒性的叠氮化合物为原料,不符合绿色化学的发展理念,使其工业化应用也受到了限制。因此,如何采用简单试剂为原料来构建高效、绿色、温和的喹啉骨架衍生物合成方法,具有非常重要的研究意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种反应条件温和、底物范围较宽的铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法,包括:将2-氨基苄醇、苯乙酮衍生物、碱性试剂、铜催化剂以及含氮配体在有机溶剂中混合,并在室温下反应6-12h,经后处理即得到所述的喹啉衍生物。
进一步地,所述的2-氨基苄醇、苯乙酮衍生物、碱性试剂、铜催化剂以及含氮配体的摩尔比为1:(1-1.2):(1.5-2):0.05:(0.05-1);且进一步优选的摩尔比为1:1.2:(1.5-2):0.05:(0.05-0.1)。
进一步地,所述的苯乙酮衍生物包括苯乙酮、4-甲基苯乙酮、2-甲基苯乙酮、4-氯苯乙酮、4-氨基苯乙酮及2-氟苯乙酮中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的碱性试剂包括碳酸钾或碳酸钠,所述的铜催化剂包括碘化亚铜与溴化亚铜,所述的含氮配体包括2,2’-联吡啶或邻菲罗啉,所述的有机溶剂包括甲苯或四氢呋喃,并且所述的2-氨基苄醇在有机溶剂中的浓度为1-3mol/L。
进一步地,所述的后处理过程包括:将所得反应液依次经过浓缩、柱层析分离后,即得到所述的喹啉衍生物。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下特点:
1)本发明使用廉价易得2-氨基苄醇和苯乙酮衍生物为原料,直接构建含喹啉骨架的衍生物,避免高毒性试剂的使用,符合绿色化学的发展理念;
2)本发明合成方法简单,一步法即可制备喹啉衍生物,并且反应条件温和,在室温非惰性气氛下反应就可高产率、高选择性得到相应产物;
3)本发明使用廉价且性质稳定的碘化亚铜或溴化亚铜为催化剂,具有绿色、经济、环保等优点;
4)本发明具有很好的底物普适性,可较好地应用于制备多种含喹啉骨架的衍生物,特别是在药物、药物中间体、天然产物合成方面具有巨大的应用潜力。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
一种铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法,包括:在反应器中以摩尔比1:(1-1.2):(1.5-2):0.05:(0.05-1),依次加入2-氨基苄醇、苯乙酮衍生物、碱性试剂、铜催化剂以及含氮配体,再加入一定量有机溶剂并在室温下反应6-12h;反应结束后,将所得反应液依次经过浓缩、柱层析分离,即得到相应的喹啉衍生物。
其中,2-氨基苄醇、苯乙酮衍生物、碱性试剂、铜催化剂以及含氮配体的优选摩尔比为1:1.2:(1.5-2):0.05:(0.05-0.1);
苯乙酮衍生物包括苯乙酮、4-甲基苯乙酮、2-甲基苯乙酮、4-氯苯乙酮、4-氨基苯乙酮及2-氟苯乙酮中的至少一种,碱性试剂包括碳酸钾K2CO3或碳酸钠Na2CO3,铜催化剂包括碘化亚铜CuI或溴化亚铜CuBr,含氮配体包括2,2’-联吡啶或邻菲罗啉,有机溶剂包括甲苯或四氢呋喃,并且该有机溶剂的加入量控制在使2-氨基苄醇的浓度保持在1-3mol/L为宜。
以下是更加详细的实施案例,通过以下实施案例进一步说明本发明的技术方案以及所能够获得的技术效果。
实施例1:
Figure BDA0002808251280000031
在反应管中依次加入2-氨基苄醇(1.0mmol)、苯乙酮(1.0mmol)、催化剂碘化亚铜CuI(0.05mmol)、2,2’-联吡啶(0.05mmol)、K2CO3(1.5mmol)以及溶剂甲苯(2mL),并在室温下反应6h;反应结束后,将所得反应液依次经过浓缩、柱层析分离,即得到相应产物(分离产率为90%)。
产物表征结果如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.24-8.16(m,4H),7.90-7.82(m,2H),7.75-7.70(m,1H),7.56-7.47(m,4H).
HRMS理论值C15H11N(M)+:205.0891;实际测量值:205.0887,表征结果说明,本实施例成功合成上式中的反应产物。
实施例2:
Figure BDA0002808251280000032
在反应管中依次加入2-氨基苄醇(1.0mmol)、4-甲基苯乙酮(1.2mmol)、催化剂CuI(0.05mmol)、2,2’-联吡啶(0.05mmol)、Na2CO3(2.0mmol)以及溶剂甲苯(2mL),并在室温下反应8h;反应结束后,将所得反应液依次经过浓缩、柱层析分离,即得到相应产物(分离产率为92%)。
产物表征结果如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.21(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),8.09(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.88-7.80(m,2H),7.74(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.54(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.36(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.44(s,3H).
HRMS理论值C16H13N(M)+:219.1048;实际测量值:219.1053,表征结果说明,本实施例成功合成上式中的反应产物。
实施例3:
Figure BDA0002808251280000041
在反应管中依次加入2-氨基苄醇(1.0mmol)、2-甲基苯乙酮(1.2mmol)、催化剂CuBr(0.05mmol)、邻菲罗啉(0.1mmol)、Na2CO3(1.8mmol)以及溶剂甲苯(2mL),并在室温下反应12h;反应结束后,将所得反应液依次经过浓缩、柱层析分离,即得到相应产物(分离产率为93%)。
产物表征结果如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.18(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.81(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.72(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.53-7.48(m,3H),7.30(brs,3H),2.41(s,3H).
HRMS理论值C16H13N(M)+:219.1048;实际测量值:219.1055,表征结果说明,本实施例成功合成上式中的反应产物。
实施例4:
Figure BDA0002808251280000042
在反应管中依次加入2-氨基苄醇(1.0mmol)、4-氯苯乙酮(1.2mmol)、催化剂CuI(0.05mmol)、邻菲罗啉(0.1mmol)、K2CO3(2.0mmol)以及溶剂四氢呋喃(2mL),并在室温下反应12h;反应结束后,将所得反应液依次经过浓缩、柱层析分离,即得到相应产物(分离产率为95%)。
产物表征结果如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.19-8.07(m,4H),7.80-7.70(m,3H),7.54-7.46(m,3H).
HRMS理论值C15H10ClN(M)+:239.0502;实际测量值:239.0500,表征结果说明,本实施例成功合成上式中的反应产物。
实施例5:
Figure BDA0002808251280000043
在反应管中依次加入2-氨基苄醇(1.0mmol)、4-氨基苯乙酮(1.2mmol)、催化剂CuI(0.05mmol)、邻菲罗啉(0.05mmol)、K2CO3(1.6mmol)以及溶剂四氢呋喃(2mL),并在室温下反应10h;反应结束后,将所得反应液依次经过浓缩、柱层析分离,即得到相应产物(分离产率为92%)。
产物表征结果如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.11(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),8.02(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.78(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.69(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.79(d,J=7.5Hz,2H).
HRMS理论值C15H12N2(M)+:220.1000;实际测量值:220.0996,表征结果说明,本实施例成功合成上式中的反应产物。
实施例6:
Figure BDA0002808251280000051
在反应管中依次加入2-氨基苄醇(1.0mmol)、2-氟苯乙酮(1.0mmol)、催化剂CuI(0.05mmol)、邻菲罗啉(0.1mmol)、K2CO3(2.0mmol)以及溶剂甲苯(2mL),并在室温下反应12h;反应结束后,将所得反应液依次经过浓缩、柱层析分离,即得到相应产物(分离产率为96%)。
产物表征结果如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.18-8.06(m,3H),7.87-7.69(m,3H),7.54-7.50(m,1H),7.41-7.38(m,1H),7.37-7.28(m,1H),7.23-7.16(m,1H).
HRMS理论值C15H10FN(M)+:223.0797;实际测量值:223.0795,表征结果说明,本实施例成功合成上式中的反应产物。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:将2-氨基苄醇、苯乙酮衍生物、碱性试剂、铜催化剂以及含氮配体在有机溶剂中混合,并在室温下反应6-12 h,经后处理即得到所述的喹啉衍生物;
其中,所述的苯乙酮衍生物为苯乙酮、4-甲基苯乙酮、2-甲基苯乙酮、4-氯苯乙酮、4-氨基苯乙酮或2-氟苯乙酮中的一种;所述的碱性试剂为碳酸钾或碳酸钠;所述的铜催化剂为碘化亚铜或溴化亚铜;所述的含氮配体为2,2’-联吡啶或邻菲罗啉;
所述的2-氨基苄醇、苯乙酮衍生物、碱性试剂、铜催化剂以及含氮配体的摩尔比为1:1.2:(1.5-2):0.05:(0.05-0.1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂包括甲苯或四氢呋喃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述的2-氨基苄醇在有机溶剂中的浓度为1-3 mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种铜催化合成喹啉衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述的后处理过程包括:将所得反应液依次经过浓缩、柱层析分离后,即得到所述的喹啉衍生物。
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