CN112517657A - Bidirectional differential extrusion forming method for outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part - Google Patents
Bidirectional differential extrusion forming method for outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part Download PDFInfo
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- CN112517657A CN112517657A CN202011112347.7A CN202011112347A CN112517657A CN 112517657 A CN112517657 A CN 112517657A CN 202011112347 A CN202011112347 A CN 202011112347A CN 112517657 A CN112517657 A CN 112517657A
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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Abstract
The invention provides a bidirectional differential extrusion forming method of an outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part, which is carried out by adopting the bidirectional differential extrusion forming method of the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part and comprises the following steps: assembling an outer longitudinal rib cylindrical piece bidirectional differential extrusion forming die, assembling the die on an extruder, and adjusting a lower male die to a preset height; placing the blank in a hollow cylindrical cavity and fixing; and controlling the upper male die to descend at a first speed to extrude the blank, and synchronously controlling the lower male die to descend at a second speed, wherein the first speed is higher than the second speed. According to the bidirectional differential extrusion forming method for the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part, the outer ribs with different lengths can be fully filled by controlling the descending differential speed of the upper male die and the lower male die, no cutting or few cutting is realized, the integral forming of a plurality of outer rib cylindrical parts is realized, and the problem that the bearing capacity and service life of parts are reduced due to insufficient strength of key parts caused by cutting off material flow lines or welding seams due to machining or welding in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of die forming, in particular to a bidirectional differential extrusion forming method for an outer longitudinal rib cylindrical piece.
Background
The cylindrical part with the outer longitudinal ribs is used as a flight stabilizing device and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, national defense, military industry and the like, wherein the outer ribs are used for supporting the fins and generally need a plurality of outer ribs. With the increasing flying speed and the higher navigation precision requirement, the service performance requirement of the stabilizing device is increased day by day, and the service requirement cannot be met by the traditional forming mode. The traditional forming method for the outer rib comprises the steps of directly extruding the integral inner rib and then cutting the integral inner rib through a mechanical processing mode, or welding the outer rib on the barrel body. Although the direct machining process is simple and convenient, the direct machining process has the advantages of multiple machining characteristic structures, long machining period, low production efficiency, high cutter loss, low material utilization rate, high cost and serious environmental pollution. In addition, the external geometric shape is directly processed, so that the metal streamline of the parts is necessarily cut off, the metal fiber tissue is damaged, the integrity of the metal fiber tissue is damaged, the bearing capacity is reduced, and the requirement of the service performance of the part cannot be met. The welding processing technology inevitably has insufficient welding seam strength, so that the bearing capacity of parts can be reduced, and the service risk is large.
There is no relevant solution to the technical problems of forming the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part based on the above machining process and welding process, and therefore, there is a strong need to find an effective solution to solve the above problems.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a bidirectional differential extrusion forming method for an external longitudinal rib cylindrical part, which can fill and fill external ribs of different lengths by controlling the downlink differential speed of an upper male die and a lower male die, so as to achieve no cutting or less cutting, realize the integral forming of a plurality of external rib cylindrical parts, and avoid the problem that the bearing capacity and service life of parts are reduced due to insufficient strength of key parts caused by cutting off material flow lines or welding seams due to machining or welding in the prior art.
In order to solve the problems, the present disclosure provides a bidirectional differential extrusion forming method for an external longitudinal rib cylindrical part, which is performed by using the bidirectional differential extrusion forming method for the external longitudinal rib cylindrical part, wherein the bidirectional differential extrusion forming mold for the external longitudinal rib cylindrical part comprises an upper male mold component, a lower male mold component and a forming female mold component, the upper male mold component comprises an upper male mold, the lower male mold component comprises a lower male mold, the forming female mold component comprises a forming female mold cylinder, an external longitudinal rib forming part is configured on the forming female mold cylinder, and free ends of the upper male mold and the lower male mold are respectively inserted into a hollow cylinder cavity of the forming female mold cylinder; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling the bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical piece and assembling the die on an extruder, and adjusting the lower male die to a preset height;
s2, placing the blank into the hollow cylindrical cavity and fixing;
and S3, controlling the upper male die to downwards extrude the blank at a first speed, and synchronously controlling the lower male die to downwards at a second speed, wherein the first speed is higher than the second speed.
Optionally, before step S1, the method further includes:
and S11, heating the blank to a preset forming temperature and preserving heat for a first preset time, and heating the upper male die, the forming female die cylinder and the lower male die to be integrally preheated to a temperature higher than the preset forming temperature and preserving heat for a second preset time.
Optionally, the preset forming temperature is a recrystallization temperature of the material corresponding to the blank; and/or the first preset time or the second preset time is-hour.
Optionally, before step S2, the method further includes:
and S21, coating a lubricant on the blank contact surfaces of the upper male die, the lower male die and the forming female die cylinder.
Optionally, after step S3, the method further includes:
and S4, controlling the upper male die to ascend and simultaneously controlling the lower male die to ascend to push the extruded cylindrical piece out of the hollow cylindrical cavity.
Optionally, a plurality of assembling grooves are formed in the forming female die cylinder, the assembling grooves extend in the axial direction of the forming female die cylinder and penetrate through the inner side and the outer side of the cylinder wall of the forming female die cylinder, a plurality of forming modules are detachably connected in each assembling groove, each forming module comprises a first rib die, and the first rib die is provided with the rib forming surface and the cylinder wall forming surface at the same time;
the step S3 further includes:
s31, mounting the first rib die set in each assembling groove and positioning the first rib die in the radial direction and the axial direction;
and S32, controlling the upper male die to downwards extrude the blank to a first preset position at a first speed, and controlling the lower male die to downwards extrude the blank to a second preset position at a second speed to form a top rib and a top cylinder wall of the cylindrical part.
Optionally, the forming module further includes a second rib mold, a second cylinder wall mold, and after step S32, further includes:
s33, sequentially arranging the second rib part die and the second cylinder wall die in the direction from the upper male die to the lower male die in each assembling groove, and positioning the second rib part die and the second cylinder wall die in the radial direction and the axial direction;
and S34, controlling the upper male die to downwards extrude the blank to a third preset position at a first speed, and simultaneously controlling the lower male die to downwards extrude the blank to a fourth preset position at a speed lower than a second speed to form a waist rib and a waist cylinder wall of the cylindrical part.
Optionally, the forming module further includes a third rib mold, a fourth cylinder wall mold, and after step S:
s35, arranging the third rib part die and the fourth cylinder wall die in sequence along the direction from the upper convex die to the lower convex die in each assembling groove, and positioning the third rib part die and the fourth cylinder wall die in the radial direction and the axial direction;
and S36, controlling the upper male die to downwards extrude the blank to a fifth preset position at the first speed, and simultaneously controlling the lower male die to downwards extrude the blank to a sixth preset position at the second speed to form a bottom rib and a bottom cylinder wall of the cylindrical part.
Optionally, the blank is made of an aluminum alloy, the first speed is 1mm/S, the second speed is 0.75mm/S, and the downward speed of the lower male die in step S34 is 0.7 mm/S.
The bidirectional differential extrusion forming method of the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part can control the descending speed of the upper male die to be larger than that of the lower male die, so that the upper male die can extrude a blank to realize plastic deformation, the lower male die moves downwards simultaneously to provide a flowing space of the blank material, the blank gradually forms the cylindrical part from top to bottom, the upper male die extruding descending speed is larger than the lower male die extruding descending speed, the stress state similar to backward extrusion is realized, the area of the blank subjected to plastic forming is upset firstly and then flows downwards, a groove is designed at the position of a formed rib, the outer rib can be formed by utilizing the radial flow of the blank during upsetting, a plurality of outer ribs can be formed successively from top to bottom in the extrusion process, the outer ribs with different lengths can be filled fully by designing the speed difference of the upper male die and the lower male die, no cutting or few cutting is realized, and the integral forming of the cylindrical part with a plurality of outer ribs is realized, the problem that the bearing capacity and service life of parts are reduced due to insufficient strength of key parts caused by cutting off material flow lines or welding seams due to machining or welding in the prior art is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for an outer longitudinal rib cylindrical piece according to an embodiment of the disclosure, wherein a blank is shown in an extrusion initial state;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for an outer longitudinal rib cylindrical piece according to an embodiment of the disclosure, showing a blank in a top rib forming state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for an outer longitudinal rib cylindrical piece according to an embodiment of the disclosure, showing a blank in a waist rib forming state;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for an outer longitudinal rib cylindrical member according to an embodiment of the disclosure, showing a blank in a bottom rib forming state;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state where a middle forming module of the bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical member according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is detached from an assembling groove;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the upper male mold of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the forming die cylinder of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view (cross section) of an outer longitudinal rib cylindrical member formed by using the bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical member according to the embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a front view of the cartridge wall forming die of FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view from the left perspective of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 shows a top view of the cartridge wall forming die after it has been assembled in the assembly groove;
FIG. 12 is a front view of the bead forming die of FIG. 1;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view at a left viewing angle of FIG. 12;
fig. 14 shows a plan view of the rib forming die after being assembled in the assembly groove;
FIG. 15 is a model schematic view of the calculation of the range of down (down) speeds (at differential speed) of the upper and lower punches of the present disclosure in forming the barrel wall;
fig. 16 is a model schematic diagram for calculating the descending (pressing) speed range (at differential speed) of the upper punch and the lower punch when the outer rib is formed according to the present disclosure.
The reference numerals are represented as:
11. an upper male die; 12. an upper die holder; 13. an upper die seat sleeve; 21. a lower male die; 22. a lower die holder; 23. a lower base plate; 31. forming a female die cylinder; 311. assembling the groove; 312. a first axial positioning groove; 313. positioning the projection; 32. a radial displacement limiting ring; 321. a first ring body; 322. a second ring body; 323. a top ring; 324. a waist ring; 325. a bottom ring; 41. a cylinder wall forming die; 411. a cylinder wall forming surface; 412. a first cylinder wall mold; 413. a second cylinder wall mold; 414. a third cylinder wall mold; 415. a fourth cylinder wall mold; 416. a pin locking hole; 42. a rib part forming die; 421. a rib forming surface; 422. a first rib mold; 423. a second rib mold; 424. a third rib mold; 5. a retainer ring; 100. and (5) blank forming.
Detailed Description
With reference to fig. 1 to 16 in combination, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for an external longitudinal rib cylindrical part, including an upper punch assembly, a lower punch assembly, and a forming die assembly, where the upper punch assembly includes an upper punch 11, an upper die base 12, and an upper die base sleeve 13, the upper punch 11 is detachably connected to the upper die base 12 through the upper die base sleeve 13, specifically, the upper die base 12 is connected to a press (or a forging press), the upper die base sleeve 13 is fixed to the upper die base 12 through a screw, the upper punch 11 is connected to the upper die base sleeve 13 in a clearance fit manner, where the upper punch 11 can be controlled to move up or down independently, the lower punch assembly includes a lower punch 21, a lower die base 22, and a lower pad 23, the lower pad 23 and the lower die base 22 are connected and positioned through a screw, the bottom end of the subsequent forming die cylinder 31 and the lower backing plate 23 are also connected and positioned by screws, wherein the lower punch 21 can be independently controlled to move upwards or downwards, the forming die assembly comprises the forming die cylinder 31, an outer longitudinal rib forming part is configured on the forming die cylinder 31, the free ends of the upper punch 11 and the lower punch 21 can be independently controlled to be inserted into the hollow cylinder cavity of the forming die cylinder 31 respectively, so as to perform differential extrusion on the blank 100 in the hollow cylinder cavity, specifically, for example, the upper punch 11 is controlled to move downwards at a first speed, and the lower punch 21 is controlled to move downwards at a second speed lower than the first speed in the same direction, so as to perform differential extrusion on the blank 100. The lower punch 21 can form a seal to a corresponding end of the hollow cylindrical cavity, that is, the diameter of the end part of the lower punch 21 contacting the blank 100 is matched with the diameter of the hollow cylindrical cavity, and the matching here is based on the principle that the material of the upper blank 100 is effectively prevented from leaking out through the space between the lower punch 21 and the wall of the hollow cylindrical cavity while the lower punch 21 smoothly goes downward or upward (bi-directionally). In the technical scheme, the descending speed of the upper male die 11 can be controlled to be higher than that of the lower male die 21, so that the upper male die 11 can extrude the blank 100 to realize plastic deformation, and simultaneously the lower male die 21 moves downwards to provide a flowing space of the blank material, the blank 100 gradually forms a cylindrical part from top to bottom, because the pressing speed of the upper male die 11 is higher than that of the lower male die 21, the pressed state is similar to the stress state of backward extrusion, the area of the blank subjected to plastic forming is upset firstly and then flows downwards, so that grooves (corresponding to the outer longitudinal rib forming part) are designed at the rib forming part, an outer rib can be formed by utilizing the radial flow of the blank during upsetting, a plurality of outer ribs can be formed successively from top to bottom in the extrusion process, and by designing the speed difference of the upper male die and the lower male die, the outer ribs with different lengths can be filled fully, so that no cutting or few cutting can be realized, by realizing the integral forming of the plurality of outer rib cylindrical parts, the problem that the bearing capacity and the service life of parts are reduced due to insufficient strength of key parts caused by cutting off material flow lines or welding seams due to machining or welding in the prior art is solved.
Specifically, the independent control of the upper male die 11 and the lower male die 21 can be realized through hydraulic pressure, specifically, the upper male die 11 is correspondingly provided with an upper hydraulic cylinder, and the lower male die 21 is correspondingly provided with a lower hydraulic cylinder, so the tonnage distribution requirements of the upper hydraulic cylinder and the lower hydraulic cylinder are large enough, the upper hydraulic cylinder and the lower hydraulic cylinder can freely slide at controllable speed up and down, the relative speed difference of the hydraulic cylinders is controlled by an overflow valve, and the upper hydraulic cylinder and the lower hydraulic cylinder are further independent in control. It is understood that the upper punch 11 and the lower punch 21 can be controlled not only to realize the aforementioned downward movement in the moving direction, but also to realize the upward movement, for example, after the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part is formed, the cylindrical part is demolded from the forming die cylinder 31 by controlling the upward movement of the upper punch 11 and the lower punch 21.
As an embodiment of the forming die cylinder 31, the outer longitudinal rib forming part can be configured on the inner wall of the forming die cylinder 31 according to a preset position alone, but the forming die cylinder 31 of this structure has certain disadvantages in terms of applicability to a forming type (i.e. a final structural form of a cylindrical member), specifically, for example, it can only form a cylindrical member of a certain structure, and in some embodiments, a plurality of assembling grooves 311 are configured on the forming die cylinder 31, the assembling grooves 311 extend along the axial direction of the forming die cylinder 31 and penetrate through the inner and outer sides of the cylindrical wall of the forming die cylinder 31, a plurality of forming modules are detachably connected in each assembling groove 311, at least some of the forming modules and the corresponding assembling grooves 311 form the outer longitudinal rib forming part together, at this time, the cylinder structure type of the forming die assembly is greatly enriched by the stacking position and order of the different types (having different forming surfaces) of the forming modules in the assembling groove 311.
In some embodiments, the groove walls of the assembly groove 311 are configured with a first axial positioning groove 312, the first axial positioning groove 312 extends along the circumference of the forming die cylinder 31, in particular the forming module has a projection matching the first axial positioning groove 312 (giving the forming module a butterfly-like feature in appearance), the protruding part is inserted into the first axial positioning groove 312, that is, the forming module is positioned in the axial direction of the forming die cylinder 31 by the first axial positioning groove 312, the first axial positioning groove 312 preferably has an opening toward the outer peripheral wall of the forming die cylinder 31, thereby, the forming module can be replaced in the extrusion forming process of the blank 100, and different extrusion processes of the cylindrical part can be realized. At this time, in some embodiments, the forming die assembly further includes a radial displacement limiting ring 32, and the radial displacement limiting ring 32 is disposed around the circumference of the forming die cylinder 31 and is in corresponding contact with the forming module to achieve the limiting and positioning of the radial displacement of the forming module. In some embodiments, the radial displacement limiting ring 32 includes a first ring 321 and a second ring 322, the first ring 321 and the second ring 322 are detachably connected, and the first ring 321 and the second ring 322 form an integral ring through a relatively simple hinge connection structure such as a connecting pin, a connecting bolt, or a snap, so as to form an annular hoop for the forming mold in contact therewith.
In some embodiments, the outer peripheral wall of the forming die cylinder 31 has a positioning protrusion 313, the radial displacement limiting ring 32 is configured with a second axial positioning groove, the positioning protrusion 313 is inserted into the second axial positioning groove, so as to realize the axial positioning of the radial displacement limiting ring 32, the positioning protrusion 313 has a plurality of positioning protrusions 313, the plurality of positioning protrusions 313 are respectively arranged corresponding to different forming modules, the plurality of positioning protrusions 313 are uniformly arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the forming die cylinder 31 at intervals, so as to form a branch structure in appearance.
In some embodiments, the forming module includes a cylindrical wall forming die 41 and a rib forming die 42, the cylindrical wall forming die 41 has a cylindrical wall forming surface 411 facing the blank 100, the cylindrical wall forming surface 411 is coincident with an inner cylindrical wall of the forming die cylinder 31, that is, it can form an outer circumferential wall of a cylindrical member; the bead forming die 42 has a bead forming surface 421 facing the blank 100, and the bead forming surface 421 is recessed radially outside the inner cylindrical wall of the forming die cylinder 31, that is, the bead forming die can form a bead of a cylindrical material. In this case, the cylinder wall forming die 41 and the bead portion forming die 42 may be alternately stacked along the axial direction of the forming die cylinder 31 as required.
In some embodiments, the cylindrical wall forming die 41 includes a first cylindrical wall die 412, a second cylindrical wall die 413, a third cylindrical wall die 414, and a fourth cylindrical wall die 415, and the rib forming die 42 includes a first rib die 422, a second rib die 423, and a third rib die 424, where the second rib die 423 is interchangeable with the first cylindrical wall die 412, and the third rib die 424 is interchangeable with the third cylindrical wall die 414, so that the first rib die 422, the second rib die 423, the second cylindrical wall die 413, the third rib die 424, and the fourth cylindrical wall die 415 are sequentially arranged in each of the assembly grooves 311 from the upper punch 11 to the lower punch 21, and in this technical solution, the design requirement of extruding ribs from different positions of a cylindrical part is realized by interchanging a certain cylindrical wall die in the forming die 41 and a certain rib die in the rib forming die 42.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the forming die cylinder 31 is a cylindrical structure, 6 assembling grooves 311 are uniformly arranged on the cylinder wall, an included angle between two adjacent assembling grooves 311 is 60 °, and the two adjacent assembling grooves correspond to the forming positions of the outer longitudinal ribs (i.e. the outer ribs) on the cylinder, wherein the cylinder wall forming die 41 and the rib forming die 42 are assembled, and the cylinder wall forming die 41 and the rib forming die 42 are matched, selected and combined according to the forming requirements of the cylinder, when the forming modules assembled in one assembling groove 311 are the first rib die 422, the second rib die 423, the second cylinder wall 413, the third rib die 424 and the fourth cylinder wall die 415 in sequence, the corresponding radial displacement limiting ring 32 may include a top ring 323, a waist ring 324 and a bottom ring 325, wherein the top ring 323 is fixed to the top opening of the forming die cylinder 31 by a step surface formed thereon, and the top ring is fixed to the top opening of the forming die cylinder 31 at the same time The first rib dies 422 form radial limitation, the waist ring 324 is arranged at the boundary matching position of the second rib dies 423 and the second cylinder wall dies 413 to form radial limitation, the bottom ring 325 is arranged at the boundary matching position of the third rib dies 424 and the fourth cylinder wall dies 415 to form radial limitation, and further, the waist ring 324 and the bottom ring 325 can be preferably interchanged.
In some embodiments, the rib forming surface 421 and the cylinder wall forming surface 411 are provided on the first rib die 422, and the first rib die 422 can have the accommodating space of the blank 100, and it can be understood that the axial height of the cylinder wall forming surface 411 is related to the usage amount of the blank 100 and the inner diameter of the forming die cylinder.
In some embodiments, the bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for the external longitudinal rib cylindrical part further comprises a retaining ring 5, wherein the retaining ring 5 is disposed around the upper punch 11 and connected to one end of the hollow cylindrical cavity corresponding to the upper punch 11, that is, disposed at the upper opening of the hollow cylindrical cavity, so as to ensure that the blank 100 is outwardly turned out of the hollow cylindrical cavity during the extrusion forming process. The free end of the upper male die 11 is towards the convex cone of the blank 100, the cone angle of the cone is 170 degrees, in the projection of the axial symmetry plane of the cone, the included angle alpha between the generatrix of the cone and the horizontal direction is 5 degrees, so that the blank 100 can be enabled to flow outwards along the radial direction smoothly when the extrusion force is applied to the blank 100, the material filling of the rib part is facilitated, and the forming effect of the rib part is further guaranteed.
Further, the first cylinder wall mold 412, the second cylinder wall mold 413, the third cylinder wall mold 414 and the fourth cylinder wall mold 415 are all configured with pin locking holes 416, and the pin locking holes 416 radially penetrate through the inner side and the outer side of the cylinder wall along any one of the first cylinder wall mold 412, the second cylinder wall mold 413, the third cylinder wall mold 414 and the fourth cylinder wall mold 415, so that the lower male mold 21 with a corresponding predetermined height can be mechanically locked in a pin inserting manner, and the reliability and the stability of the lower male mold 21 are ensured when the speed of the lower male mold is zero in the reinforcement process.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, a bidirectional differential extrusion forming method of the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part is further provided, which is performed by adopting a bidirectional differential extrusion forming die of the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part, the bidirectional differential extrusion forming die of the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical part comprises an upper convex die component, a lower convex die component and a forming concave die component, the upper convex die component comprises an upper convex die 11, the lower convex die component comprises a lower convex die 21, the forming concave die component comprises a forming concave die cylinder 31, an outer longitudinal rib forming part is configured on the forming concave die cylinder 31, and free ends of the upper convex die 11 and the lower convex die 21 are respectively inserted into a hollow cylinder cavity of the forming concave die cylinder 31; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling the bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical piece and assembling the die on an extruder, and adjusting the lower punch 21 to a preset height, wherein the preset height is understood to ensure that the upper surface of the blank 100 after being placed in the hollow cylindrical cavity is flush with the edge of the upper opening of the hollow cylindrical cavity;
s2, placing the blank 100 in the hollow cylindrical cavity and fixing;
and S3, controlling the upper male die 11 to downwards extrude the blank 100 at a first speed, and synchronously controlling the lower male die 21 to downwards at a second speed, wherein the first speed is higher than the second speed.
Optionally, before step S1, the method further includes:
s11, heating the blank 100 to a preset forming temperature and preserving heat for a first preset time, and heating the upper male die 11, the forming female die cylinder 31 and the lower male die 21 to be integrally preheated to a temperature higher than the preset forming temperature and preserving heat for a second preset time, at the moment, ensuring that the forming process of the blank 100 is an isothermal forming mode, namely the blank 100 is always sealed in the forming process in a hollow cylinder cavity of the forming female die cylinder 31, so that the forming precision can be ensured, and the problem that the bearing capacity and service life of parts are reduced due to insufficient strength of key parts caused by cutting off a streamline or a welding line due to mechanical processing or welding is solved.
In some embodiments, the preset forming temperature is a recrystallization temperature of a material corresponding to the blank 100; the first preset time or the second preset time is 4-6 hours, and it can be understood that the first preset time and the second preset time may be the same or different.
In some embodiments, before step S2, the method further includes:
and S21, coating a lubricant on the blank contact surfaces of the upper male die 11, the lower male die 21 and the forming female die cylinder 31, wherein the lubricant is coated, such as spraying water-based graphite, coating oil-based graphite and the like, so as to facilitate the ejection demoulding process after the cylinder is formed.
In some embodiments, after step S3, the method further includes:
and S4, controlling the upper punch 11 to move upwards and simultaneously controlling the lower punch 21 to move upwards to push the extruded cylindrical part out of the hollow cylindrical cavity.
In some embodiments, a plurality of assembling grooves 311 are configured on the forming die cylinder 31, the assembling grooves 311 extend along the axial direction of the forming die cylinder 31 and penetrate through the inner side and the outer side of the cylinder wall of the forming die cylinder 31, a plurality of forming modules are detachably connected in each assembling groove 311, each forming module comprises a first rib die 422, and the rib forming surface 421 and the cylinder wall forming surface 411 are simultaneously arranged on the first rib die 422;
the step S3 further includes:
s31, assembling the first rib mold 422 in each of the assembling grooves 311, and positioning the first rib mold 422 in the radial and axial directions;
and S32, controlling the upper male die 11 to downwards extrude the blank 100 to a first preset position at a first speed, and controlling the lower male die 21 to downwards extrude to a second preset position at a second speed to form a top rib and a top cylinder wall of the cylindrical part.
In some embodiments, the forming module further includes a second rib mold 423, a second cylinder wall mold 413, and after step S32, further includes:
s33, sequentially arranging the second rib molds 423 and the second cylindrical wall molds 413 in the direction from the upper punch 11 to the lower punch 21 in each assembling groove 311, and positioning the second rib molds 423 and the second cylindrical wall molds 413 in the radial direction and the axial direction;
and S34, controlling the upper male die 11 to downwards extrude the blank 100 to a third preset position at a first speed, and simultaneously controlling the lower male die 21 to downwards extrude to a fourth preset position at a speed lower than the second speed to form a waist rib and a waist cylinder wall of the cylindrical part.
In some embodiments, the forming module further comprises a third rib die 424, a fourth cylinder wall die 415, and after step S34, further comprises:
s35, sequentially arranging the third rib mold 424 and the fourth cylindrical mold 415 along the direction from the upper punch 11 to the lower punch 21 in each assembling groove 311, and positioning the third rib mold 424 and the fourth cylindrical mold 415 in the radial direction and the axial direction;
and S36, controlling the upper male die 11 to downwards extrude the blank 100 to a fifth preset position at the first speed, and simultaneously controlling the lower male die 21 to downwards extrude to a sixth preset position at the second speed to form a bottom rib and a bottom cylinder wall of the cylindrical part.
To this end, the blank 100 is extruded to form a cylindrical member shown in fig. 8, which has a top rib, a waist rib, a bottom rib, a top cylindrical wall between the top rib and the waist rib, a waist cylindrical wall between the waist rib and the bottom rib, and a bottom cylindrical wall below the bottom rib.
In some embodiments, the blank 100 is made of aluminum alloy, the first speed is 1mm/S, the second speed is 0.75mm/S, and the descending speed of the lower punch 21 in the step S34 is 0.7 mm/S.
The design process for the downward velocity of the lower punch (i.e., the second velocity described above) when forming the tube wall is given below:
referring to FIG. 15, the diameter r of the upper punch is chosen according to the specific requirements of the differential design1140mm, the inner diameter of the female die, i.e. the diameter r of the lower male die2155mm, in order to meet the requirement of full filling of the pipe wall, the following relation needs to be satisfied between the upper male die and the lower male die:
Δvπr1 2≥π(r2 2-r1 2)v2 (1)
where Δ v is the difference between the upper and lower punch depressing velocities v1 and v2 (v1-v2) in mm/s, as obtained by further calculation,
v1r1 2≥v2r2 2 (2)
design the present application for the parameters (r)2/r1)2Substituted as 1.2
v1/v2≥1.2 (3)
According to the basic principle of mold design, deformation resistance is reduced, a general value is selected for testing, the pressing speed of the upper male mold is 1mm/s, therefore, the pressing speed of the lower male mold is 0.83mm/s at most, and by combining with the simulation condition of the deform software, the internal defect of the material is almost zero when the pressing speed of the lower male mold is 0.8mm/s, the internal defect is consistent with the calculation result, and the minimum pressing speed of the lower male mold is 0.7mm/s under consideration of the actual production efficiency and the production conditions.
In summary, the pressing speed of the lower punch can be controlled to be 0.7-0.83 mm/s.
The design process of the descending speed of the lower punch (i.e., the second speed described above) when forming the rib is given below:
according to the design idea of the present disclosure, referring to fig. 16, in order to optimize the filling effect of the rib and meet the requirement of actual production, the forming time of one rib is controlled to be 2-10 s, and the forming time is set as the unit forming time.
Therefore, the pressing speed of the upper male die and the lower male die needs to meet certain design requirements, the outline of the outer rib is simplified into a cuboid structure, calculation is facilitated, and the cross section of a single outer rib is marked in figure 16. According to general design requirements, the proportion of a deformation zone in the upsetting process is 3/5, and the following design conditions are met:
4Δvπr1 2T/5≥6Lhb
in the formula, delta v is the pressing speed difference of an upper male die and a lower male die, and is mm/s; t is unit time and is 2-10 s; l, h and b are the thickness (radial direction of the cylindrical part), height (axial direction of the cylindrical part) and width (circumferential direction of the cylindrical part) when the ribs are simplified into the cuboid, and the unit is mm.
Substituting the design parameters into the design parameters, wherein the delta v belongs to (0.065, 0.35) mm/s, and according to the factors of actual production and deformation resistance, combining with a defem software experiment to obtain the pressing speed of the upper male die as 1mm/s, the theoretical speed of the lower male die is 0.65-0.935 mm/s.
In order to make the technical scheme of the present disclosure more clear, a specific application example is given as follows:
(1) preparing a cylindrical billet 100;
(2) heating the prepared blank 100 to a forming temperature and preserving heat, and integrally preheating the upper male die 11, the forming female die cylinder 31 and the lower male die 21 to the forming temperature and preserving heat;
(3) the aforementioned mold is assembled on the press and the lower punch 21 is raised to the initial position (i.e., the preset height);
(4) smearing a lubricant on the upper convex die 11, the lower convex die 21 and the forming concave die cylinder 31, and placing the blank 100 into a die cavity formed by the concave die and the lower convex die and fixing;
(5) starting the equipment, pressing the upper male die 11 downwards, keeping the lower male die 21 and the lower male die to move downwards at a differential speed, and installing a movable assembly to finish the differential speed process;
the differential mode is related to a specific travel route, and the specific differential step comprises the following steps:
(a) when the blank 100 is located at an initial position, inserting a first rib die 422, a second rib die 423, a second cylinder wall die 413, a third rib die 424, a fourth cylinder wall die 415 in a movable assembly, pre-installing a top ring 323, inserting a positioning pin, fixing the radial movement of the first rib die 422, pre-installing a waist ring 324, inserting a positioning pin, fixing the radial movement of the second rib die 423 and the second cylinder wall die 413, pre-installing a bottom ring 325, inserting a positioning pin, fixing the radial movement of the third rib die 424 and the fourth cylinder wall die 415, starting the device, pressing down the upper punch 11 at a speed of 1mm/s, pressing down the lower punch 21 at a speed of 0.5mm/s, pressing down the upper punch 11 to a designated position, forming a top rib feature and changing a lower punch speed;
(b) the upper punch 11 is pressed down at the speed of 1mm/s, the lower punch 21 is pressed down at the speed of 0.75mm/s, the upper punch 11 is pressed down to a specified position according to the pressing down position of the upper punch 11 in (a), the waist rib characteristic is preformed and the lower punch speed is changed;
(c) according to the pressing position of the upper punch 11 in the step (a), the upper punch 11 is pressed at the speed of 1mm/s, the lower punch 21 is pressed at the speed of 0.7mm/s, the upper punch 11 is pressed to a specified position, the waist rib characteristic and the waist cylinder wall characteristic are formed, and the lower punch speed is changed;
(d) according to the pressing-down position of the upper punch 11 in the step (c), pressing down the upper punch 11 at the speed of 1mm/s, pressing down the lower punch 21 at the speed of 0.75mm/s, pressing down the upper punch 11 to the specified position, pre-forming the bottom rib characteristics and changing the speed of the lower punch;
(e) according to the pressing-down position of the upper male die 11 in the step (d), pressing down the upper male die 11 at the speed of 1mm/s, pressing down the lower male die 21 at the speed of 0.7mm/s, pressing down the upper male die 11 to the specified position, forming the bottom rib characteristics and the bottom cylinder wall characteristics, and stopping the equipment;
(f) according to the step (e), the extrusion molding is completed. Unscrewing the screws and disassembling the retainer ring 5, starting the equipment, driving the upper male die 11 to move upwards by the action of the upper die holder 12 in a return stroke under the action of the extending cylinder, separating from a forming piece and stopping the equipment, pulling out the positioning pins and disassembling each radial displacement limiting ring 32, completely disassembling a forming module on the forming female die cylinder 31, driving the lower male die 21 to move upwards by the retracting cylinder at the lower end of the equipment, and ejecting the cylindrical piece from the hollow cylinder cavity of the forming female die cylinder 31.
It is readily understood by a person skilled in the art that the advantageous ways described above can be freely combined, superimposed without conflict.
The present disclosure is to be considered as limited only by the preferred embodiments and not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and all changes, equivalents and modifications that come within the spirit and scope of the disclosure are desired to be protected. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present disclosure, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. The bidirectional differential extrusion forming method of the external longitudinal rib cylindrical part is characterized by comprising the steps of adopting a bidirectional differential extrusion forming die of the external longitudinal rib cylindrical part, wherein the bidirectional differential extrusion forming die of the external longitudinal rib cylindrical part comprises an upper convex die component, a lower convex die component and a forming concave die component, the upper convex die component comprises an upper convex die (11), the lower convex die component comprises a lower convex die (21), the forming concave die component comprises a forming concave die cylinder (31), an external longitudinal rib forming part is constructed on the forming concave die cylinder (31), and the free ends of the upper convex die (11) and the lower convex die (21) are respectively inserted into a hollow cylinder cavity of the forming concave die cylinder (31); the method comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling the bidirectional differential extrusion forming die for the outer longitudinal rib cylindrical piece and assembling the die on an extruder, and adjusting the lower male die (21) to a preset height;
s2, placing a blank (100) in the hollow cylindrical cavity and fixing;
and S3, controlling the upper punch (11) to downwards extrude the blank (100) at a first speed, and synchronously controlling the lower punch (21) to downwards at a second speed, wherein the first speed is higher than the second speed.
2. The bidirectional differential extrusion molding method for an outer longitudinal tubular member according to claim 1, further comprising, before step S1:
s11, heating the blank (100) to a preset forming temperature and preserving heat for a first preset time, and heating the upper male die (11), the forming female die cylinder (31) and the lower male die (21) to be integrally preheated to a temperature higher than the preset forming temperature and preserving heat for a second preset time.
3. The bidirectional differential extrusion forming method of an outer longitudinal rib cylindrical piece according to claim 2, wherein the preset forming temperature is a recrystallization temperature of a material corresponding to the blank (100); and/or the first preset time or the second preset time is 4-6 hours.
4. The bidirectional differential extrusion molding method for an outer longitudinal tubular member according to claim 1, further comprising, before step S2:
and S21, coating a lubricant on the blank contact surfaces of the upper male die (11), the lower male die (21) and the forming female die cylinder (31).
5. The bidirectional differential extrusion molding method for an outer longitudinal tubular member according to claim 1, further comprising, after step S3:
and S4, controlling the upper punch (11) to move upwards and simultaneously controlling the lower punch (21) to move upwards to push the extruded cylindrical part out of the hollow cylindrical cavity.
6. The bidirectional differential extrusion forming method of the external longitudinal rib cylinder piece according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of assembling grooves (311) are formed on the forming die cylinder body (31), the assembling grooves (311) extend along the axial direction of the forming die cylinder body (31) and penetrate through the inner side and the outer side of the cylinder wall of the forming die cylinder body (31), a plurality of forming modules are detachably connected in each assembling groove (311), each forming module comprises a first rib die (422), and the rib forming surface (421) and the cylinder wall forming surface (411) are simultaneously arranged on the first rib die (422);
the step S3 further includes:
s31, assembling the first rib die (422) in each assembling groove (311) and positioning the first rib die (422) in the radial direction and the axial direction;
and S32, controlling the upper male die (11) to downwards extrude the blank (100) to a first preset position at a first speed, and controlling the lower male die (21) to downwards extrude the blank to a second preset position at a second speed to form a top rib and a top cylinder wall of the cylindrical part.
7. The bidirectional differential extrusion molding method for external longitudinal rib cylinders according to claim 6, wherein the molding module further comprises a second rib die (423), a second cylinder wall die (413), and after step S32, further comprises:
s33, sequentially arranging the second rib part die (423) and the second cylindrical wall die (413) in the direction from the upper punch (11) to the lower punch (21) in each assembling groove (311), and positioning the second rib part die (423) and the second cylindrical wall die (413) in the radial direction and the axial direction;
and S34, controlling the upper male die (11) to downwards extrude the blank (100) to a third preset position at a first speed, and simultaneously controlling the lower male die (21) to downwards extrude the blank to a fourth preset position at a speed lower than the second speed to form a waist rib and a waist cylinder wall of the cylindrical part.
8. The bidirectional differential extrusion molding method for external longitudinal rib cylinders according to claim 7, wherein the molding module further comprises a third rib die (424), a fourth cylinder wall die (415), and after step S34, further comprises:
s35, sequentially arranging the third rib part die (424) and the fourth cylinder wall die (415) in the direction from the upper punch (11) to the lower punch (21) in each assembling groove (311), and positioning the third rib part die (424) and the fourth cylinder wall die (415) in the radial direction and the axial direction;
and S36, controlling the upper male die (11) to downwards extrude the blank (100) to a fifth preset position at a first speed, and simultaneously controlling the lower male die (21) to downwards extrude the blank to a sixth preset position at a second speed to form a bottom rib and a bottom cylinder wall of the cylindrical part.
9. The bidirectional differential extrusion molding method for an outer longitudinal tubular member according to claim 8, wherein the material of the billet (100) is an aluminum alloy, the first speed is 1mm/S, the second speed is 0.75mm/S, and the downward speed of the lower punch (21) in step S34 is 0.7 mm/S.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113600633A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-05 | 中北大学 | Extrusion forming die for cylindrical part with boss in appearance |
| CN115069810A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-09-20 | 中北大学 | Precise extrusion forming die and method for cylindrical part with external longitudinal ribs |
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| CN113600633A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-05 | 中北大学 | Extrusion forming die for cylindrical part with boss in appearance |
| CN113600633B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-08-25 | 中北大学 | Extrusion forming die for cylindrical part with boss on appearance |
| CN115069810A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-09-20 | 中北大学 | Precise extrusion forming die and method for cylindrical part with external longitudinal ribs |
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