CN109530472B - Extrusion forming method for thin-wall approximately-equal-height mountain-shaped light alloy component - Google Patents
Extrusion forming method for thin-wall approximately-equal-height mountain-shaped light alloy component Download PDFInfo
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- CN109530472B CN109530472B CN201910080139.4A CN201910080139A CN109530472B CN 109530472 B CN109530472 B CN 109530472B CN 201910080139 A CN201910080139 A CN 201910080139A CN 109530472 B CN109530472 B CN 109530472B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
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- B21C23/03—Making uncoated products by both direct and backward extrusion
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Abstract
The invention discloses an extrusion forming method of a thin-wall approximately-equal-height mountain-shaped light alloy component, which relates to an extrusion forming die of the thin-wall approximately-equal-height mountain-shaped light alloy component, wherein the die comprises an upper die assembly, a lower die assembly, an ejection device, a knockout device, a fixed assembly and a movable assembly; the method comprises the steps that an upper die assembly, a lower die assembly and an ejection device form an outer annular wall channel, a corner channel and an inner annular wall channel of a forming piece, the method comprises the steps of first-pass extrusion forming and second-pass extrusion forming, the bottom and the outer annular wall of a mountain-shaped piece are formed through the corner channel and the outer annular wall channel in the first pass in an extrusion mode, and then material beating, demolding and ejection are carried out; the second pass extrudes the inner annular wall of the chevron through the inner annular wall passage. The invention realizes the precise plastic forming of thin-wall nearly-equal-height complex mountain-shaped components, effectively overcomes the problems brought by the traditional processing and manufacturing die, improves the formability of light alloy, improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the formed components, greatly improves the material utilization rate, saves energy and reduces consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plastic processing and forming of metal materials, in particular to an extrusion forming method of a thin-wall light-mountain-shaped alloy component with approximate equal height.
Background
With the rapid development of aerospace technology, high and new technology weaponry and ocean development in China, the thin-wall light alloy member with the shape of nearly equal height (the thin-wall light alloy member with the shape of nearly equal height refers to the whole member consisting of an inner ring wall and an outer ring wall, and the inner ring wall and the outer ring wall are thin and nearly flush in height) is more and more widely applied in various fields. Such as missile and satellite cabin sections with double-wall shells, marine action transmission equipment with double-wall mountain-shaped components, crawler-type vehicles and other various equipment, wherein double-wall-shaped complex forgings and the like are applied. The traditional forming die has the defects and defects of casting bubbles, shrinkage cavities, high processing cost, resource waste and the like in different degrees of products produced by casting or machining, and not only has low performance but also can not meet the service requirement of the products.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation of the existing processing technology, the invention provides a technology for realizing the precise plastic forming of thin-wall near-equal-height complex mountain-shaped components by using a warm extrusion corner channel forming technology. Aims to effectively overcome the problems caused by the traditional processing and manufacturing of the die, improve the formability of the light alloy, improve the comprehensive mechanical property of a formed member, greatly improve the utilization rate of materials, save energy and reduce consumption.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a thin-wall nearly-equal-height mountain-shaped light alloy component extrusion forming method relates to a thin-wall nearly-equal-height mountain-shaped light alloy component extrusion forming die which comprises an upper die assembly, a lower die assembly, an ejection device, a knockout device, a fixed assembly and a movable assembly; the upper die assembly comprises a male die fixing ring, a first secondary male die and a second secondary male die which are interchangeable; the lower die assembly comprises a female die, an interchangeable middle female die and a mandrel; when the upper die assembly is assembled with the first-pass male die, the female die is correspondingly provided with a middle female die, and when the upper die assembly is assembled with the second-pass male die, the female die is correspondingly provided with a mandrel and is interchanged with the middle female die according to the assembly mode of the middle female die; the middle female die is provided with a material placing channel for placing a blank, the center of the female die is provided with an inner cavity, and the lower section of the middle female die extends to the inner cavity to form a lower annular wall; the mandrel is provided with a discharging channel and a lower annular wall which are the same as the middle female die; an inverted T-shaped sliding groove is formed above the female die; the ejection device comprises an ejection block and an ejector rod; the fixed and movable components comprise umbrella caps, cylindrical pins, fixed blocks, bait hangers and chains; the surface gradient of the umbrella cap is consistent with the gradient of the top block, the middle female die and the male die fixing ring form a communicated pin slot, and the lower part of the male die fixing ring and the upper part of the mandrel are respectively provided with a bait hanger; the outer surface of the lower end of the first-pass male die is cylindrical, and the outer surface of the lower end of the second-pass male die is the same as the inner wall of the inner annular wall of the forming part; the lower ring walls of the middle female die and the mandrel respectively and independently form an outer ring wall channel of a forming piece with the female die, and form a corner channel with the top of the top block; the second-pass male die and the lower annular wall of the mandrel form an inner annular wall channel of the forming part;
the method comprises a first-pass extrusion forming step and a second-pass extrusion forming step, and comprises the following steps:
first-time extrusion forming:
(1) preparation before forming: processing a conical hole with the same size as the umbrella cap at the bottom of the blank, integrally preheating the conical hole and a first-time extrusion die, and preserving heat; assembling and mounting the preheated and heat-preserved first-pass extrusion die on a press machine; firstly, pushing a fixed block into an inverted T-shaped chute at the upper end of a female die, fixing a middle female die, and then placing a preheated blank in a discharge channel;
(2) forming process: go up the downward motion of mould subassembly, the first time terrace die is started to press the blank and is walked downwards, and the blank is under the effect of first time terrace die pressure, through the deformation in two stages:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, in the radial upsetting and bottom forming stages, the bottom of a blank is located on an umbrella cap, and the lower part of the blank enters an outer annular wall channel of a forming piece along a corner channel until reaching the bottom of the forming mountain-shaped piece;
secondly, in the forming stage of the outer ring wall of the mountain-shaped element, the blank continues to enter the outer ring wall channel through the corner channel along with the downward extrusion of the first secondary convex die, the height of the outer ring wall is increased until the height of the outer ring wall meets the requirement, and the extrusion forming of the outer ring wall of the mountain-shaped element is completed;
(3) after the extrusion is finished: stopping the downward movement of the first-pass male die, withdrawing the fixed block from the inverted T-shaped chute, inserting a cylindrical pin into the pin slot to fix the middle female die with the extrusion piece, enabling the first-pass male die to move upwards in the reverse direction to drive the middle female die to ascend with the extrusion piece, limiting the ascending of the extrusion piece by adopting a knockout device to finish the first-pass knockout and demolding, enabling the extrusion piece to fall into the female die, ejecting the extrusion piece out of the female die by the ejector device at the moment, and clamping the extrusion piece by a worker and taking down an umbrella cap;
and (3) second-pass extrusion forming:
(1) preparation before forming: heating and preserving heat of an extruded piece formed by the first-pass extrusion and a second-pass extrusion die, and installing the preheated and preserved second-pass extrusion die on a press; firstly, placing an extrusion piece into a female die, hanging a bait on a chain, placing a mandrel into the female die by an upper die component downwards, taking down the chain and fixing the mandrel;
(2) forming process: the upper die assembly moves downwards, the second-pass male die starts to extrude when contacting with the middle reserved part platform during the first-pass extrusion, the second-pass male die continues to move downwards, and the extrusion piece extends upwards along the outer surface of the second-pass male die until the height of the inner ring wall meets the requirement;
(3) after the extrusion is finished: stopping the downward movement of the second-pass male die, hanging the hanging bait on a chain, starting the reverse upward movement of the second-pass male die, driving the mandrel and the blank to move upwards by the upper workbench of the press machine, and limiting the rise of the extrusion piece by adopting a knockout device to finish second-pass knockout and demolding; the extrusion piece falls into the die, the ejection device ejects the extrusion piece out of the die at the moment, the worker clamps away the extrusion piece and takes down the umbrella cap, and the extrusion of the light alloy mountain-shaped piece is completed.
After the scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. because the umbrella cap, the top block and the lower ring wall of the middle female die can jointly form a channel opening of the corner channel, and the lower ring wall of the middle female die and the female die form an outer ring wall channel of a forming piece, the stress condition of a blank in the extrusion deformation process of entering the channel through the channel opening can be changed by controlling process parameters (such as the inclination of the umbrella cap and the top block, the inclination of the lower ring wall of the middle female die and a bottom transition zone fillet), the blank is ensured not to crack in the process and generate overlarge impact force on the lower ring wall of the middle female die to deform the lower ring wall of the middle female die, the metal stress state, the equivalent strain, the plastic deformation, the tissue uniformity and the like are better controlled, the smooth forming of the outer ring wall of the light alloy mountain-shaped piece is ensured, and the final size and performance requirements of the outer ring wall and the.
2. The corner channel forming technology is skillfully adopted to realize the precise plastic forming of the thin-wall near-equal-height complex mountain-shaped component, simultaneously, the control of the wall thickness difference is ensured when the outer ring wall is formed, the axial instability is prevented when the blank is extruded downwards, and the extruded part is convenient to take out after being extruded; and the distance between the inner and outer ring walls is not influenced when the inner ring wall is formed, and the light alloy mountain-shaped piece formed by final extrusion is convenient to take out.
3. The warm extrusion forming technology is adopted, the extrusion force is greatly reduced compared with cold extrusion, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the material is ensured to be optimal while the near-net forming is ensured.
4. The detachable first-pass male die, the detachable second-pass male die, the detachable middle female die and the detachable mandrel are matched, and the extrusion forming of the mountain-shaped part or the barrel-shaped part with different wall thicknesses can be carried out only by replacing the first-pass male die, the second-pass male die, the detachable middle female die, the detachable mandrel and other structures, so that the utilization rate of the die is improved.
Further, the lower die assembly further comprises a limiting piece, the limiting piece is placed at the position of the discharging passage of the middle female die after the blank is placed in the lower die assembly, and the limiting piece is taken off when the first-pass male die moves downwards and contacts with the upper surface of the blank.
Further, before the first-time extrusion forming, the preparation method further comprises the step of uniformly spraying water-based graphite lubricant on the bottom of the first-time male die, the inner cavity of the female die, the umbrella cap, the surface of the top block and the surface of the middle female die which are to be in contact with the blank.
Further, the preparation before forming of the second-pass extrusion forming further comprises uniformly spraying water-based graphite lubricant on the surface of the second-pass male die, the inner wall of the female die and the surface of the mandrel which are to be in contact with the blank.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an overall structure of a first pass mold according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the overall structure of a second-pass mold according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the working state of the die when a billet is placed into the die before a first extrusion in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a first pass blank as it is being extruded in a die operating configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the blank of the present invention in a mold operating condition during radial upsetting and bottom forming stages;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the mold in the stage of forming the outer annular wall of the chevron-shaped element with the blank in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a demolding operation after a first extrusion is completed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the blank of the embodiment of the present invention in the working state of the mold during the forming stage of the inner annular wall of the chevron member;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the second pass of male mold stripping operation after the second pass of extrusion is completed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the mandrel stripping operation after the second extrusion pass is completed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a first secondary male mold in an embodiment provided by the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a second-pass male die in an embodiment provided by the invention;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a female mold structure in an embodiment provided by the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a structure of a middle female mold according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a mandrel construction in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the umbrella cap and top block of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of a billet prior to extrusion in an embodiment provided by the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of an extruded chevron of an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference symbols
1-a top rod; 2, a lower template; 3-hexagon socket screw of lower die; 4, a top block; 5, an umbrella cap; 6, a female die; 7, a middle female die; 71-a middle female die discharging channel; 72-lower ring wall of middle concave die; 8, fixing blocks; 9-first secondary male die; 10-a male die fixing ring; 11-hexagon socket head cap screw of upper die; 12, mounting a template; 13-limiting piece; 14-cylindrical pin; 15-a knockout plate; 16-a mandrel; 161-mandrel emptying channel; 162-mandrel lower annular wall; 17-hanging erbium; 18-chain; 19-second pass male die; 20-passage of the outer annular wall of the forming element; 21-corner channel; 22-inner annular wall passage of the former.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The invention discloses an extrusion forming method of a thin-wall light alloy component with a nearly equal height, which comprises an upper die assembly connected with an upper structure of a press, a lower die assembly connected with a lower structure of the press, an ejection device, a knockout device, a fixed assembly and a movable assembly, and is shown in figures 1-18.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the upper die assembly comprises an upper die plate 12 connected with an upper working platform of the press, a punch retainer 10 connected with the upper die plate, and a first secondary punch 9 and a second secondary punch 19 which are interchangeable; the lower end of the first secondary male die 9 penetrates through the middle of a male die fixing ring 10, the upper end of the first secondary male die 9 and the male die fixing ring 10 are assembled together, the male die fixing ring 10 is assembled on an upper die plate 12 through an upper die hexagon socket head cap screw 11, and the upper die plate 12 is assembled on an upper workbench (not shown in the figure) of the press machine through fastening bolts; the second-pass male die 19 is interchanged with the first-pass male die 9 in the manner of assembly of the first-pass male die.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lower die assembly comprises a lower template 2 connected with a lower working table of the press, a female die 6, an interchangeable intermediate female die 7 and a mandrel 16; the female die 6 is assembled on the lower template 2 through a lower die inner hexagon bolt 3, and the lower template 2 is assembled on a lower working table (not shown in the figure) of the press machine through a fastening bolt. The center of the female die 6 is provided with an inner cavity, when the upper die assembly is assembled with the first-pass male die 9, the female die 6 is correspondingly provided with a middle female die 7, preferably, a boss is formed on the outer surface of the middle female die 7, the boss is matched with the upper part of the inner cavity of the female die through a clamping groove gap with a certain depth, and the mandrel 16 is also provided with a boss which is the same as the middle female die 7; when the upper die assembly is assembled with the second-pass male die 19, the female die 6 is correspondingly provided with the mandrel 16 and is exchanged with the middle female die 7 according to the assembly mode of the middle female die; the middle female die 7 is provided with a material discharging channel 71 for placing a blank, the diameter of the material discharging channel 71 is larger than that of the blank, and the lower section of the middle female die extends to the inner cavity to form a lower annular wall 72; the mandrel is provided with a discharging channel 161 and a lower annular wall 162 which are the same as the middle female die; in order to optimize the line formation and facilitate the demolding, the bottom of the lower walls 72, 162 of the intermediate die and mandrel are rounded, preferably with a slope at the bottom of the lower wall 72 of the intermediate die.
As shown in fig. 1, the ejection device comprises an ejector block 4 and an ejector rod 1; the top block 4 is placed in the cavity of the female die 6 and is in contact with the lower die plate 2, the upper surface of the top block 4 is provided with an inclination, and the top block 4 is in clearance fit with the radius of the cavity of the female die 6 and forms a transition corner; the ejector rod 1 is in clearance fit with the lower template 2 and is arranged at the bottom of the ejector block 4;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the knockout plate 15 is arranged above the female die 6, the knockout plate slides in the inverted "T" shaped chute, the knockout plate is pushed to finish knockout when knockout is needed, and is pushed out and unloaded when not needed, and when the blank is extruded by the male die 19 in the second pass, the knockout plate 15 can be pushed to fix the mandrel 16, as shown in fig. 8;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fixed and movable components comprise an umbrella cap 5, a cylindrical pin 14, a fixed block 8, a limiting piece 13, a hanging bait 17 and a chain 18; the umbrella cap 5 is placed on the top block 4, an umbrella handle is formed at the bottom of the umbrella cap 5, a hoisting hole is formed in the top of the top block 4, the umbrella cap 5 is inserted into the hoisting hole through the umbrella handle and fixed on the top block 4, the positioning effect is achieved, the flowing direction of blanks is changed, and the impact force of the blanks on the lower annular wall 72 of the middle female die is reduced; the upper surface of the umbrella cap 5 is provided with an inclination consistent with that of the top block 4; before the first-time knockout, the middle female die 7 needs to ascend together with the male die 9, the middle female die 7 and the male die fixing ring 10 form a communicated pin slot, and when the first-time male die 9 descends and extrudes, the cylindrical pin 14 is inserted into the pin slot in a matched mode, so that the middle female die 7 and the male die fixing ring 10 are fixed together, and the middle female die 7 ascends together with the first-time male die 9.
Before the second-pass material beating, the mandrel 16 is required to ascend along with the second-pass male die 19, when the second-pass male die 19 descends and extrudes, the lower part of the male die fixing ring 10 and the upper part of the mandrel 16 are hung by a chain 18 between the hanging baits 17, so that the mandrel 16 fixes the second-pass male die 19, and the mandrel 16 ascends along with the second-pass male die 19; when the first-time male die 9 extrudes a blank, the fixing block 8 is pushed in through the inverted T-shaped sliding groove above the female die 6 during first-time forming, and the function of fixing the middle female die 7 is achieved; the limiting piece 13 is placed at the position of the discharge channel 17 of the middle female die after the blank is placed in the middle female die, and plays a limiting role.
The outer surface of the lower end of the first secondary male die 9 is cylindrical, and the outer surface of the lower end of the second secondary male die 19 is the same as the inner wall of the inner annular wall of the forming part; the middle female die 7 and the lower annular wall 162 of the mandrel respectively and independently form an outer annular wall channel 20 of a forming piece with the female die 6 and form a corner channel 21 with the top of the top block; the second-pass male die 19 and the mandrel lower annular wall 162 form the forming part inner annular wall channel 22.
At present, most of light alloys are aluminum and magnesium alloys, so that the following brief description of taking aluminum alloys as examples is provided, and the extrusion forming method of the thin-wall light alloy component with the shape of the hill with the approximate height comprises a first-pass extrusion forming step and a second-pass extrusion forming step, and comprises the following steps of:
first-time extrusion forming:
(1) preparation before forming: processing a conical hole with the same size as the umbrella cap at the bottom of the blank, heating to 470 ℃ and preserving heat for 12 hours, and integrally preheating the first-time extrusion die to 480 ℃ and preserving heat; and (3) mounting the preheated and insulated first-pass extrusion die on a press according to the assembly relation shown in figure 1.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, water-based graphite lubricant is uniformly sprayed on the bottom of the male die 9, the inner cavity of the female die 6, the umbrella cap 5, the surface of the top block 4 and the surface of the middle female die 7 which are to be contacted with the blank, at the moment, the fixing block 8 is pushed into the inverted T-shaped chute at the upper end of the female die 6 from the periphery to fix the middle female die 7, and then the preheated blank is placed in the middle female die 7 and the limiting piece 13 is placed on the blank.
(2) Forming process: referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, the press machine drives the upper die plate 12, the punch fixing ring 10 and the first secondary punch 9 of the upper die assembly to move downwards, the limiting piece 13 is removed when the upper surface of the blank is contacted, the first secondary punch 9 presses the blank to move downwards, and the blank deforms through two stages under the pressure of the first secondary punch 9 because the diameter of the blank and the inner diameter of the middle female die 7 have a difference and the structure of the outer annular wall channel 20 of the forming part is formed:
firstly, in the radial upsetting and bottom forming stages, the blank has a slight upsetting process under the action of a first secondary punch 9, the bottom of the blank is located on the umbrella cap 5, as shown in fig. 15, the surface inclination of the umbrella cap 5 is 25 degrees in accordance with the inclination of the top block 4, the punch 9 moves downwards, the lower part of the blank enters the outer annular wall channel 20 of the forming piece along the corner channel 21, the diameter of the blank in the discharging channel 71 gradually reaches the diameter of the discharging channel 71, and when the diameter of the blank is not changed, the blank only flows downwards and forms the bottom of the mountain-shaped piece;
and in the second stage of forming the outer ring wall of the mountain-shaped element, the first secondary male die 9 is driven by the press to continue to extrude downwards, the blank fills the area formed by the top block 4 and the bottom of the female die 6 in the last stage, at the moment, the blank continues to enter the outer ring wall channel 20 through the corner channel 21, as shown in fig. 13, the bottom end of the lower ring wall 72 of the middle female die is provided with a round corner R8, the blank is continuously extruded into the outer ring wall channel 20 to increase the height of the outer ring wall until the height of the outer ring wall reaches the requirement, and the extrusion forming of the outer ring wall of the mountain.
(3) After the extrusion is finished: as shown in fig. 7, the downward movement of the upper working table of the press is stopped, at this time, the four fixing blocks 8 are withdrawn, the four cylindrical pins 14 are inserted into the pin grooves at the top end of the middle female die 7 matched with the male die fixing ring 10, at this time, the upper working table of the press moves upwards in the reverse direction to drive the middle female die 7 to ascend together with the extrusion piece, after the middle part of the middle female die 7 comes out of the clamping groove of the female die 6, the material beating plate 15 is pushed into the inverted T-shaped sliding groove, the extrusion piece is prevented from ascending after the material beating plate 15 contacts the outer annular wall of the extrusion piece, the upper working table of the press continues to ascend, as shown in fig. 13, the lower annular wall 72 of the middle female die is provided with an inclination of 2 degrees and a rounded corner of R8, so that the extrusion piece is separated from the die, the upper working table ascends to the top point all the way, and then falls into, the operator pinches the extrusion and removes the cap 5.
And (3) second-pass extrusion forming:
(1) preparation before forming: heating the extruded part formed by the first-pass extrusion to 470 ℃ and preserving heat, integrally preheating the second-pass extrusion die to 480 ℃ and preserving heat, and mounting the die after preheating and preserving heat on a press according to the assembling relation shown in the figure 2.
Referring to fig. 8, 12 and 14, firstly spraying water-based graphite lubricant on the surface of a first secondary male die 19, then hanging a hanging bait 17 between a male die fixing ring 10 and a mandrel 16 on a chain 18 by an upper workbench downwards to a certain distance, lifting the mandrel 16 by a certain distance to prepare for spraying the lubricant, uniformly spraying the water-based graphite lubricant on the inner wall of a female die 6 and the surface of the mandrel 16 which are to be in contact with an extrusion part, spraying less water-based graphite lubricant on the inner wall of the female die 6, spraying more water-based graphite lubricant on the surface of the mandrel 16, and spraying the lubricant; and (3) placing the preheated extrusion part into the female die 6, downwards placing the mandrel 16 into the clamping groove of the female die 6 by the upper workbench, taking off the chain 18, pushing the knockout plate 15 into the inverted T-shaped sliding groove, and fixing the mandrel 16.
(2) And (3) in the forming process, referring to fig. 8 and 11, the press machine drives the upper die plate 12, the punch fixing ring 10 and the second pass punch 19 of the upper die assembly to move downwards, the second pass punch 19 starts to extrude when contacting with a middle reserved part platform during first pass extrusion, the second pass punch 19 continues to move downwards, the extrusion piece is upwards tall along the inclined wall with the inclination α of the first part at the bottom of the second pass punch 19 being 4 degrees, when the press machine continues to move downwards, the extrusion piece passes through the transition round table with the R6 and continues to be tall along the upper inclined wall with the inclination β being 4 degrees until the second pass punch 19 moves to the stroke end point, and in the whole process, the outer ring wall also grows to a certain height but is not very large.
(3) After the extrusion is finished: referring to fig. 9, 10 and 14, the downward movement of the upper table of the press is stopped, and the upper table of the press is moved upward in the reverse direction to disengage the second-pass male die 19 from the extrusion, completing the disengagement of the second-pass male die 19; then, the chain 18 is hung downwards to a certain distance and the knockout plate 15 is withdrawn, the upper workbench of the press machine drives the mandrel 16 and the blank to move upwards, the knockout plate 15 is pushed in when the mandrel 16 rises and exceeds the inverted T-shaped sliding groove, the extrusion part is prevented from rising after the knockout plate 15 contacts the outer annular wall of the extrusion part, the separation between the extrusion part and the mandrel 16 is completed, the upper workbench rises to the highest point, the ejector cylinder pushes the ejector rod 1 and the ejector block 4 to eject the mountain-shaped extrusion part out of the female die 6, a worker takes out the extrusion part and takes off the umbrella cap 5, and the labor-saving extrusion of the light alloy mountain-shaped part is completed.
The forming difficulty of the invention is how to form the inner and outer annular walls in a labor-saving way and ensure the uniformity of the finally formed wall thickness, and the forming difficulty is that axial instability is prevented during the first-pass blank extrusion forming, the spacing distance between the inner and outer annular walls is not influenced during the second-pass inner wall forming, and the blank is easy to place and take out.
For the first forming difficulty, the invention adopts the corner channel technology and the method for forming the outer and inner annular walls in sequence twice to overcome the difficulty. The forming of the outer ring wall is realized by the corner channel, then the inner ring wall is formed by backward extrusion, and an optimal forming curve can be optimized by the forming surface of the male die and the female die of the die according to a corresponding part diagram, so that the forming force is reduced to a great extent. The inner diameters of the outer ring wall channels of the forming part are consistent, the uniformity of the wall thickness of the outer ring wall can be well guaranteed, and the uniformity of the wall thickness of the inner ring wall can be guaranteed by accurately limiting the male die when the inner ring wall is formed by backward extrusion. For the second forming difficulty, the diameter of the discharging channel and the diameter of the blank are reasonably matched by adopting a certain difference value, the height of the discharging channel is high enough to ensure that the blank can be safely extruded downwards, when the inner wall is extruded by the male die in the second pass, the mandrel and the female die which are completely the same as the bottom of the middle female die are in clearance fit to separate the inner ring wall from the outer ring wall, the purpose of not influencing the spacing distance between the inner ring wall and the outer ring wall is achieved, and the middle female die and the mandrel can move up and down, so that an extruded part can be easily taken out.
The above are merely specific examples of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes made according to the design idea of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. A thin-wall nearly-equal-height mountain-shaped light alloy component extrusion forming method relates to a thin-wall nearly-equal-height mountain-shaped light alloy component extrusion forming die which comprises an upper die assembly, a lower die assembly, an ejection device, a knockout device, a fixed assembly and a movable assembly; the upper die assembly comprises a male die fixing ring, a first secondary male die and a second secondary male die which are interchangeable; the lower die assembly comprises a female die, an interchangeable middle female die and a mandrel; when the upper die assembly is assembled with the first-pass male die, the female die is correspondingly provided with a middle female die, and when the upper die assembly is assembled with the second-pass male die, the female die is correspondingly provided with a mandrel and is interchanged with the middle female die according to the assembly mode of the middle female die; the middle female die is provided with a material placing channel for placing a blank, the center of the female die is provided with an inner cavity, and the lower section of the middle female die extends to the inner cavity to form a lower annular wall; the mandrel is provided with a discharging channel and a lower annular wall which are the same as the middle female die; an inverted T-shaped sliding groove is formed above the female die; the ejection device comprises an ejection block and an ejector rod; the fixed and movable components comprise umbrella caps, cylindrical pins, fixed blocks, bait hangers and chains; the surface gradient of the umbrella cap is consistent with the gradient of the top block, the middle female die and the male die fixing ring form a communicated pin slot, and the lower part of the male die fixing ring and the upper part of the mandrel are respectively provided with a bait hanger; the outer surface of the lower end of the first-pass male die is cylindrical, and the outer surface of the lower end of the second-pass male die is the same as the inner wall of the inner annular wall of the forming part; the lower ring walls of the middle female die and the mandrel respectively and independently form an outer ring wall channel of a forming piece with the female die, and form a corner channel with the top of the top block; the second-pass male die and the lower annular wall of the mandrel form an inner annular wall channel of the forming part;
the method comprises a first-pass extrusion forming step and a second-pass extrusion forming step, and comprises the following steps:
first-time extrusion forming:
(1) preparation before forming: processing a conical hole with the same size as the umbrella cap at the bottom of the blank, integrally preheating the conical hole and a first-time extrusion die, and preserving heat; assembling and mounting the preheated and heat-preserved first-pass extrusion die on a press machine; firstly, pushing a fixed block into an inverted T-shaped chute at the upper end of a female die, fixing a middle female die, and then placing a preheated blank in a discharge channel;
(2) forming process: go up the downward motion of mould subassembly, the first time terrace die is started to press the blank and is walked downwards, and the blank is under the effect of first time terrace die pressure, through the deformation in two stages:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, in the radial upsetting and bottom forming stages, the bottom of a blank is located on an umbrella cap, and the lower part of the blank enters an outer annular wall channel of a forming piece along a corner channel until reaching the bottom of the forming mountain-shaped piece;
secondly, in the forming stage of the outer ring wall of the mountain-shaped element, the blank continues to enter the outer ring wall channel through the corner channel along with the downward extrusion of the first secondary convex die, the height of the outer ring wall is increased until the height of the outer ring wall meets the requirement, and the extrusion forming of the outer ring wall of the mountain-shaped element is completed;
(3) after the extrusion is finished: stopping the downward movement of the first-pass male die, withdrawing the fixed block from the inverted T-shaped chute, inserting a cylindrical pin into the pin slot to fix the middle female die with the extrusion piece, enabling the first-pass male die to move upwards in the reverse direction to drive the middle female die to ascend with the extrusion piece, limiting the ascending of the extrusion piece by adopting a knockout device to finish the first-pass knockout and demolding, enabling the extrusion piece to fall into the female die, ejecting the extrusion piece out of the female die by the ejector device at the moment, and clamping the extrusion piece by a worker and taking down an umbrella cap;
and (3) second-pass extrusion forming:
(1) preparation before forming: heating and preserving heat of an extruded piece formed by the first-pass extrusion and a second-pass extrusion die, and installing the preheated and preserved second-pass extrusion die on a press; firstly, placing an extrusion piece into a female die, hanging a bait on a chain, placing a mandrel into the female die by an upper die component downwards, taking down the chain and fixing the mandrel;
(2) forming process: the upper die assembly moves downwards, the second-pass male die starts to extrude when contacting with the middle reserved part platform during the first-pass extrusion, the second-pass male die continues to move downwards, and the extrusion piece extends upwards along the outer surface of the second-pass male die until the height of the inner ring wall meets the requirement;
(3) after the extrusion is finished: stopping the downward movement of the second-pass male die, hanging the hanging bait on a chain, starting the reverse upward movement of the second-pass male die, driving the mandrel and the blank to move upwards by the upper workbench of the press machine, and limiting the rise of the extrusion piece by adopting a knockout device to finish second-pass knockout and demolding; the extrusion piece falls into the die, the ejection device ejects the extrusion piece out of the die at the moment, the worker clamps away the extrusion piece and takes down the umbrella cap, and the extrusion of the light alloy mountain-shaped piece is completed.
2. The extrusion forming method of the thin-wall light alloy component with the approximate equal height and the mountain shape as the claim 1, is characterized in that: the lower die component further comprises a limiting piece, the limiting piece is placed at the position of a material discharging passage of the middle female die after the blank is placed in the lower die component, and the limiting piece is taken off when the first-pass male die moves downwards and contacts with the upper surface of the blank.
3. The extrusion forming method of the thin-wall light alloy component with the approximate equal height and the mountain shape as the claim 1, is characterized in that: the preparation before the first-time extrusion forming further comprises the step of uniformly spraying water-based graphite lubricant on the bottom of the first-time male die, the inner cavity of the female die, the umbrella cap, the surface of the top block and the surface of the middle female die which are to be in contact with the blank.
4. The extrusion forming method of the thin-wall light alloy component with the approximate equal height and the mountain shape as the claim 1, is characterized in that: the preparation before forming of the second-pass extrusion forming further comprises uniformly spraying water-based graphite lubricant on the surface of the second-pass male die, the inner wall of the female die and the surface of the mandrel which are to be in contact with the blank.
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| CN112692088A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-23 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Barrel component hot extrusion die and forming method |
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| CN202461167U (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2012-10-03 | 沈阳永大铜业有限责任公司 | Synclastic integral double-tapered-tube extrusion tuyere cap mould |
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