CN112514747A

CN112514747A - Rice machine transplanting and seedling raising method

Info

Publication number: CN112514747A
Application number: CN202011373389.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 程建平; 李阳; 杨晓龙; 李进兰; 叶方
Original assignee: Hubei Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Institute Of Food Crops
Current assignee: Hubei Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Institute Of Food Crops
Priority date: 2020-11-30
Filing date: 2020-11-30
Publication date: 2021-03-19

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for transplanting and raising seedlings of rice by a machine, which comprises the following steps of preparing a substrate, treating seeds, raising seedlings and preparing for transplanting by a machine: preparing a substrate: selecting soil in a vegetable garden or a mellow soil which is relatively fertile, has few grass seeds, has no weed and rice seeds, has no harmful bacteria and broken bricks and stones, crushing the soil, exposing the soil in the sun for 10 hours, sterilizing and disinfecting the soil, and screening the soil to obtain base soil; the method for raising seedlings by mechanical rice transplanting has the advantages that the new matrix soil is used, the steps of combining animal nutrition and plant nutrition, assisting each other, pretreating seeds and the like are adopted, so that the rate of emergence of rice seeds is obviously improved, rice seedlings grow uniformly and are not easy to leak, and the problems that the existing culture method is easy to cause the growth and the distribution of the rice seedlings to be nonuniform, the rate of leakage of mechanical rice transplanting is high, and the yield is reduced are solved.

Description

Rice machine transplanting and seedling raising method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a seedling raising method, in particular to a mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising method.

Background

The rice is the first grain crop in China, and the machine-transplanted seedling has wide application prospect. The core of the rice mechanical transplanting technology is strong seedling cultivation, and the quality of seedling cultivation of mechanical transplanting in many places is not high and is unstable at present, so that the popularization of mechanical transplanting of rice is restricted; on the other hand, the proportion is expanded along with the moderate-scale operation of land, the rice production is not satisfied with the traditional short seedling age small seedling machine transplanting, and is expanding to the medium seedling and large seedling machine transplanting direction, and because the rice seedling age is prolonged, the invention has higher requirements on the method for cultivating the machine-transplanted strong seedling, and the invention aims to solve the problems.

The rice seedling emergence is an important link for realizing rice production. Proper temperature, moisture and oxygen are needed in the rice seedling emergence process, seedling emergence is easily affected by soil environment and weather, and problems of seedling death, irregular seedling emergence, poor seedling quality, multiple diseases in the seedling stage and the like often occur. The mechanical rice transplanting technology is mainly adopted, the blanket seedling raising is generally carried out by using a standard seedling raising tray, seedling raising soil or seedling raising matrix is put into the seedling tray, seeds are sowed on the soil, then the seeds are covered by the soil, and the seeds form blanket-shaped seedlings after growing. Therefore, the emergence of seeds is of great importance for the formation of blanket seedlings, especially for hybrid rice varieties with low sowing rates.

In the production process, a rice farmer directly lays a sowed seedling tray in a field or a greenhouse for seedling culture, irregular seedling emergence is often caused by soil moisture loss and temperature distribution difference during seedling emergence, and partial seeds do not emerge due to the reasons of moisture loss or uneven soil moisture and the like. The seedlings are not uniformly grown and distributed, the seedling leakage rate of the machine transplanting is high, and the yield is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for transplanting and raising seedlings of rice by a rice machine, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for transplanting and raising seedlings of rice by a machine comprises the steps of preparing a substrate, treating seeds, raising seedlings and preparing for transplanting by a machine, and comprises the following specific steps:

preparing a substrate:

s1, selecting relatively fertile soil with few grass seeds, no weed and rice seeds, no harmful bacteria and no broken bricks and stones in the vegetable garden or the mellow soil, crushing the soil, exposing the crushed soil in the sun for 10 hours, sterilizing and disinfecting the crushed soil, and screening the crushed soil to obtain base soil;

s2, paving the foundation soil in the S1 in the seedling raising box to be used as subsoil;

s3, taking the wormcast and the base soil in the S1, and uniformly mixing the wormcast and the base soil to obtain animal nutrient soil, wherein the weight ratio of the wormcast to the base soil is 1: 15;

s4, taking plant ash as a raw material, desalting, adjusting acid and supplementing fertilizer to obtain plant nutrient, mixing and stirring the plant nutrient and the base soil in S1, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the plant ash to the base soil is 1:5, and thus the plant nutrient soil is prepared;

s5, uniformly paving the animal nutrient soil in the S3 above the subsoil in the S2 to form 8cm thick medium soil;

s6, uniformly paving 6cm thick plant nutrient soil in the S4 above the middle layer soil in the S5 to serve as upper layer soil, wherein the lower layer soil, the middle layer soil and the upper layer soil form cultivation soil of a seedling box;

seed treatment:

s1, selecting seeds with high yield, strong disease resistance and good quality, performing anti-freezing exercise, taking out, soaking in a disinfectant for 2h, drying, and soaking in a nutrient solution for 2 d;

s2, taking out the seeds from the nutrient solution, airing the seeds, uniformly spreading the seeds in the cultivation soil of a seedling box, and covering the surfaces of the seeds with 1cm thick base soil;

seedling cultivation:

s1, spraying nutrient solution to the cultivation soil with the seeds laid, wherein the spraying amount is 100 milliliters of nutrient solution per square meter, the spraying time is 1.5 days, and the seedlings emerge after two weeks;

s2, spraying the soluble powder of the bacillus subtilis after seedling emergence, and spraying agricultural streptomycin;

s3, moving out the seedling box after three weeks of cultivation, and moving the seedling box to an outdoor seedling bed for seedling cultivation;

machine insertion preparation:

watering is carried out regularly to keep the seedlings moist, and watering is not carried out 2 days before transplanting, so that the seedlings are slightly dry and are beneficial to mechanical transplanting.

As a further scheme of the invention: the nutrient solution used for seed treatment comprises 15g of mustard powder, 10g of pseudo-ginseng powder, 8g of astragalus membranaceus, 7g of eucommia ulmoides, 30g of soybean meal and the balance of water;

and/or the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: mixing the above components with water, stirring, dissolving repeatedly, and diluting with water until the total amount of the nutrient solution is 100g

As a still further scheme of the invention: the disinfectant used for seed treatment is one or more of carbendazim, zineb, mancozeb, aluminum triphosphate and thiophanate-methyl.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method for raising rice seedlings by mechanical transplanting has the advantages that the new matrix soil is used, the steps of combining animal nutrition with plant nutrition, assisting each other, pretreating the seeds and the like are adopted, so that the rate of emergence of rice seeds is obviously improved, the rice seedlings grow uniformly and are not easy to leak, and the problems that the existing raising method is easy to cause uneven seedling growth and distribution, high in rate of seedling leakage by mechanical transplanting and low in yield are solved.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

first, matrix preparation is performed: selecting soil in a vegetable garden or a mellow soil which is relatively fertile, has few grass seeds, has no weed and rice seeds, has no harmful bacteria and broken bricks and stones, crushing the soil, exposing the soil in the sun for 10 hours, sterilizing and disinfecting the soil, and screening the soil to obtain base soil; laying base soil in a seedling raising box to serve as subsoil; taking wormcast and basal soil, and uniformly mixing the wormcast and the basal soil to obtain animal nutrient soil; taking plant ash as a raw material, desalting, adjusting acid and supplementing fertilizer to obtain plant nutrient, and mixing and stirring the plant nutrient and base soil to obtain plant nutrient soil; uniformly paving animal nutrient soil above the subsoil, wherein the thickness of the animal nutrient soil is 8cm, and the animal nutrient soil is used as middle-layer soil; uniformly paving 6cm thick plant nutrient soil above the middle layer soil to serve as upper layer soil, wherein the lower layer soil, the middle layer soil and the upper layer soil form cultivation soil of a seedling raising box;

then carrying out seed treatment: selecting seeds with high yield, strong disease resistance and good quality, performing anti-freezing exercise, taking out, soaking in a disinfectant for 2h, drying, and soaking in a nutrient solution for 2 d; taking out the seeds from the nutrient solution, uniformly spreading the seeds in the cultivation soil of a seedling box after drying the seeds in the sun, and covering the surfaces of the seeds with 1cm thick base soil;

then, seedling cultivation is carried out: spraying nutrient solution to the culture soil with the seeds laid, wherein the spraying amount is 100 milliliters of nutrient solution per square meter, the spraying time is 1.5 days, and the seedlings emerge after two weeks; spraying bacillus subtilis soluble powder after seedling emergence, and spraying agricultural streptomycin; after three weeks of cultivation, moving out of the seedling box, and moving to an outdoor seedling bed for seedling cultivation;

and finally, machine insertion preparation is carried out: watering is carried out regularly to keep the seedlings moist, and watering is not carried out 2 days before transplanting, so that the seedlings are slightly dry and are beneficial to mechanical transplanting.

Specifically, the nutrient solution for seed treatment comprises 15g of mustard powder, 10g of pseudo-ginseng powder, 8g of astragalus membranaceus, 7g of eucommia ulmoides, 30g of soybean meal and the balance of water;

Specifically, the disinfectant and bactericide used for seed treatment is carbendazim.

Specifically, the weight ratio of the wormcast to the basal soil is 1: 15.

Specifically, the mixing mass ratio of the plant ash to the base soil is 1: 5.

Example 2

Specifically, the disinfectant and bactericide used for seed treatment is zineb.

Specifically, the weight ratio of the wormcast to the basal soil is 1: 20.

Specifically, the mixing mass ratio of the plant ash to the base soil is 1: 10.

Example 3

Specifically, the disinfectant and bactericide used for seed treatment is a composition of mancozeb, aluminum triphosphate and thiophanate-methyl.

Specifically, the weight ratio of the wormcast to the basal soil is 1: 5.

Specifically, the mixing mass ratio of the plant ash to the base soil is 2: 1.

Comparative example 1

Using common matrix soil to cultivate seeds, normally watering and fertilizing, normally cultivating after seedling emergence, and culturing seedlings.

Comparative example 2

Directly cultivated rice seedlings.

Comparative example 1

first, matrix preparation is performed: selecting soil in a vegetable garden or a mellow soil which is relatively fertile, has few grass seeds, has no weed and rice seeds, has no harmful bacteria and broken bricks and stones, crushing the soil, exposing the soil in the sun for 5 hours, sterilizing and disinfecting the soil, and screening the soil to obtain base soil; laying base soil in a seedling raising box to serve as subsoil; taking wormcast and basal soil, and uniformly mixing the wormcast and the basal soil to obtain animal nutrient soil; taking plant ash as a raw material, desalting, adjusting acid and supplementing fertilizer to obtain plant nutrient, and mixing and stirring the plant nutrient and base soil to obtain plant nutrient soil; uniformly paving animal nutrient soil above the subsoil, wherein the thickness of the animal nutrient soil is 5cm, and the animal nutrient soil is used as middle-layer soil; uniformly paving plant nutrient soil with the thickness of 3cm above the middle layer soil to serve as upper layer soil, wherein the lower layer soil, the middle layer soil and the upper layer soil form cultivation soil of a seedling raising box;

Specifically, the weight ratio of the wormcast to the basal soil is 1: 15.

Specifically, the mixing mass ratio of the plant ash to the base soil is 1: 5.

Comparative example 2

first, matrix preparation is performed: selecting soil in a vegetable garden or a mellow soil which is relatively fertile, has few grass seeds, has no weed and rice seeds, has no harmful bacteria and broken bricks and stones, crushing the soil, exposing the soil in the sun for 5 hours, sterilizing and disinfecting the soil, and screening the soil to obtain base soil; laying base soil in a seedling raising box to serve as subsoil; taking wormcast and basal soil, and uniformly mixing the wormcast and the basal soil to obtain animal nutrient soil; taking plant ash as a raw material, desalting, adjusting acid and supplementing fertilizer to obtain plant nutrient, and mixing and stirring the plant nutrient and base soil to obtain plant nutrient soil; uniformly paving animal nutrient soil above the subsoil, wherein the thickness of the animal nutrient soil is 10cm, and the animal nutrient soil is used as middle-layer soil; uniformly paving 8cm thick plant nutrient soil above the middle layer soil to serve as upper layer soil, wherein the lower layer soil, the middle layer soil and the upper layer soil form cultivation soil of a seedling raising box;

Specifically, the weight ratio of the wormcast to the basal soil is 1: 15.

Specifically, the mixing mass ratio of the plant ash to the base soil is 1: 5.

Comparative example 3

then carrying out seed treatment: selecting seeds with high yield, strong disease resistance and good quality, performing anti-freezing exercise, taking out, soaking in a disinfectant for 3h, drying, and soaking in a nutrient solution for 3 d; taking out the seeds from the nutrient solution, uniformly spreading the seeds in the cultivation soil of a seedling box after drying the seeds in the sun, and covering the surfaces of the seeds with 1cm thick base soil;

Specifically, the weight ratio of the wormcast to the basal soil is 1: 15.

Specifically, the mixing mass ratio of the plant ash to the base soil is 1: 5.

	Percent seedling rate (%)	Machine plug seedling rate (%)	Survival after planting (%)	Yield (kd)
					Example 1	98	2	99	1942
Example 2	96	5	95	1873
					Example 2	95	3	96	1899
Comparative example 1	73	33	64	1519
					Comparative example 2	69	37	66	1413
Comparative example 1	93	6	97	1830
					Comparative example 2	89	8	93	1796
Comparative example 3	91	6	95	1821

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for transplanting and raising seedlings of rice by a machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of preparing a substrate, treating seeds, raising seedlings and preparing for transplanting by a machine:

preparing a substrate:

s1, selecting relatively fertile soil with few grass seeds, no weed and rice seeds, no harmful bacteria and no broken bricks and stones in the vegetable garden or the mellow soil, crushing the soil, exposing the crushed soil in the sun for 5 to 15 hours, sterilizing and disinfecting the crushed soil, and screening the crushed soil to obtain base soil;

s3, taking the wormcast and the base soil in the S1, and uniformly mixing the wormcast and the base soil to obtain the animal nutrient soil, wherein the weight ratio of the wormcast to the base soil is 1: 5-20;

s4, taking plant ash as a raw material, desalting, adjusting acid and supplementing fertilizer to obtain plant nutrient, mixing and stirring the plant nutrient and the base soil in S1, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the plant ash to the base soil is 2-1:1-10, and thus obtaining the plant nutrient soil;

s5, uniformly paving the animal nutrient soil in the S3 above the subsoil in the S2 to form 5-10cm thick medium soil;

s6, uniformly paving the plant nutrient soil in the S4 above the middle layer soil in the S5 to form 3-8cm thick plant nutrient soil serving as upper layer soil, wherein the lower layer soil, the middle layer soil and the upper layer soil form cultivation soil of a seedling box;

seed treatment:

s1, selecting seeds with high yield, strong disease resistance and good quality, performing anti-freezing exercise, taking out, soaking in a disinfectant for 1.5-3h, drying, and soaking in a nutrient solution for 1-3 d;

seedling cultivation:

s1, spraying nutrient solution to the cultivation soil with the seeds laid, wherein the spraying amount is 100 milliliters of nutrient solution per square meter, the spraying time is 1-1.5 days, and the seedlings emerge after two weeks;

machine insertion preparation:

2. The method for transplanting and raising seedlings of rice seedlings by machine as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the steps of preparing a substrate, treating seeds, raising seedlings and preparing for transplanting by machine, and comprises the following steps:

preparing a substrate:

seed treatment:

seedling cultivation:

machine insertion preparation:

3. The method for transplanting rice seedlings and raising seedlings of a rice machine according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein nutrient solution used for seed treatment comprises 15g of mustard powder, 10g of pseudo-ginseng powder, 8g of astragalus membranaceus, 7g of eucommia ulmoides, 30g of soybean meal and the balance of water;

and/or the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: the components are uniformly stirred with water, are repeatedly dissolved, and are diluted by adding water until the total amount of the nutrient solution is 100 g.

4. The method for machine-transplanted rice seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for machine-transplanted rice seedlings as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2 is characterized in that the disinfectant and bactericide used for seed treatment is one or more of carbendazim, zineb, mancozeb, aluminum triethyl phosphate and thiophanate-methyl.