CN112496863B

CN112496863B - Automatic measuring method for numerical control machining angle

Info

Publication number: CN112496863B
Application number: CN202011317995.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭春艳; 栗生锐; 俸跃伟; 刘培科; 刘德生
Original assignee: AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
Current assignee: AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-23
Filing date: 2020-11-23
Publication date: 2022-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-23
Also published as: CN112496863A

Abstract

The invention relates to a numerical control machining technology, in particular to a numerical control machining angle automatic measurement method. Analyzing the structure of a numerical control machine tool and a part machining process, analyzing a measurement mode aiming at the angle measurement characteristic elements of a part, and determining a moving axis and a data extraction axis so as to establish a characteristic measurement scheme; (2) Establishing a characteristic measurement model according to the characteristic measurement scheme, classifying the part characteristics, and compiling a modular characteristic measurement program aiming at different part characteristics; (3) According to the characteristic measurement program, the error-proofing system is established in the whole process of the data measurement acquisition period, the control precision of the machine tool rotation angle is improved, the processing quality of parts is ensured, the processing automation, standardization and intellectualization levels are effectively improved, the processing efficiency is improved, the cost is reduced, and the processing risk is reduced.

Description

Automatic measuring method for numerical control machining angle

Technical Field

The invention relates to a numerical control machining technology, in particular to a numerical control machining angle automatic measuring method.

Background

The online measurement technique that adopts at present on the digit control machine tool is mainly measured with the three-dimensional as leading, and aeroengine goes up most parts and uses the annular part as leading, and centripetal angle characteristic is more, mostly is four-axis or is more than the part of four-axis processing, needs to measure the angle data of part. More and more parts are produced and applied by the existing processing technology, the capability of controlling the rotation angle of a machine tool and measuring the angle characteristics of the parts is relatively limited, and the traditional processing technology needs a manual measurement method, so that the processing quality of the parts is ensured, the processing efficiency is low, the human influence factor is large, and the labor cost is high. With the continuous change of the situation at home and abroad, higher requirements are put forward on the stability, reliability, consistency, quality, efficiency and cost of the aero-engine, so that a method for effectively solving the problems is urgently needed. With the continued development and application of online measurement techniques, we have realized that this may be an efficient, low-cost, automated approach to such problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a numerical control machining angle automatic measurement method, which solves the problem of profound influence on part quality and automatic machining caused by numerical control machine rotation angle and part angle measurement, improves the control precision of the machine rotation angle, ensures the machining quality of parts, effectively improves the automation, standardization and intellectualization level of machining, improves the machining efficiency, reduces the cost and reduces the machining risk.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a numerical control machining angle automatic measurement method is implemented according to the following steps:

(1) Analyzing the structure of the numerical control machine tool and the part processing technology, analyzing the measuring mode aiming at the characteristic elements of the angle measurement of the part, and determining a moving axis and a data extraction axis so as to establish a characteristic measuring scheme;

(2) Establishing a characteristic measurement model according to the characteristic measurement scheme, classifying the part characteristics, and compiling a modular characteristic measurement program aiming at different part characteristics;

(3) According to the characteristic measurement program, an error-proofing system is established in the whole process of the data measurement and acquisition period, so that the measurement cycle is accurate and error-free, the moving process is safe, the track deviation and abnormal movement are avoided, and the part safety is ensured.

According to the automatic measuring method for the numerical control machining angle, in the step (2), aiming at different part characteristics, quick switching of different characteristic measuring programs is realized by modifying part characteristic parameters.

In the step (2), a basic signal programming mode of an infrared ray or a Bluetooth measuring head of a numerical control machining center is adopted, a measuring cycle is established, the characteristic angle of the part is measured on line, measuring data are automatically transmitted to set machine tool parameters to be stored, the machine tool parameters are self-defined parameters, are unified standards and meet the layout requirements of subsequent automatic production lines, the initial letters of Chinese pinyin of the names of developers are connected together to be used as the beginning, and the self-defined parameter LSR _ R [ integer ] is formed by combining a common parameter R.

In the above automatic measuring method for numerical control machining angles, in step (3), the whole process error-proofing system of the data measurement acquisition cycle specifically comprises: the method comprises the steps of carrying out error-proof judgment on actions influencing measurement operation, carrying out error-proof judgment on each measurement data, carrying out error-proof judgment on position data, setting a self-defined alarm number, compiling an alarm number specification, quickly finding an alarm position through the alarm number, searching alarm reasons and eliminating alarm. If the zero angle measurement of the A-axis or B-axis machine tool gives an alarm, an operator checks and confirms alarm data, reports the data to equipment maintenance personnel, puts forward a machine tool precision detection and maintenance request, and carries out precision detection and recovery by the equipment maintenance personnel, so that the equipment autonomous management and the gradual improvement of a guarantee system are promoted.

And meanwhile, according to a characteristic measurement program, a measurement data output interface is set, and access parameters are reserved for future three-coordinate measurement and automatic measurement of networked data exchange of equipment.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The invention realizes the rapid automatic measurement of angle characteristic data, realizes the direct measurement of four-axis and five-axis angles, makes up the defects of three-coordinate measuring equipment, and solves the profound influence of the rotation angle of the numerical control machine and the angle measurement of parts on the quality and the automatic processing of the parts;

(2) The invention improves the control precision of the machine tool rotation angle, ensures the processing quality of parts, and is the basis for simplifying programming and realizing automation;

(3) The invention reserves a data interface and lays a solid foundation for the automatic and intelligent manufacturing of parts of the aircraft engine and the construction of a digital production line.

(4) The invention solves the difficult problems of the existing five-axis machine tool, such as the precision calibration of the A axis, the quick alignment of the characteristic angle of the part and the measurement, improves the automation capacity of the machine tool, improves the utilization rate of the machine tool, effectively reduces the labor cost, and has higher economic and practical values.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the fast calibration of the machine tool axis A precision;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the direct measurement of the angle of the characteristic element of the A-axis or B-axis of the part

Detailed Description

A numerical control machining angle automatic measurement method comprises the following steps:

analyzing the structure of the numerical control machine tool and the part processing technology, analyzing the measurement mode aiming at the angle measurement characteristic elements of the part, and determining a moving shaft and a data extraction shaft so as to establish a characteristic measurement scheme:

according to the structure of a machine tool, the conventional five-coordinate machining center has two layout modes, one mode is a head swinging mode and a swing table, and the other mode is a double swing table. The A and B axis precision calibration of the double swing tables can use an infrared or Bluetooth measuring head of a numerical control machining center to measure and correct the A axis worktable plane and the B axis alignment belt of the worktable; the five-coordinate machining center of the swing head and the swing table is special, and the measuring method of the swing head precision comprises the steps of measuring the center positions of two points 200mm long of the core rod by using the tool setting laser in the machine, measuring the deviation, and calculating the swing angle deviation of an A shaft by using a trigonometric function, as shown in the attached drawing I.

For the direct measurement of the angular characteristics of the part, the three conditions of the most common internal angular characteristics such as an inner hole and a groove, the external angular characteristics such as a boss, a rib and a pipe and the angular characteristics such as a plane and an inclined plane are listed as angular characteristic measurement modules according to the structure of the part, and the measurement principle of the axes A and B of the five-axis machining center of the pendulum table is also the plane measurement calibration, as shown in the attached drawing II.

In summary, the system comprises four characteristic measurement modules.

Step (2) according to the characteristic measurement scheme, establishing a characteristic measurement model, classifying the part characteristics, and compiling a modular characteristic measurement program aiming at different part characteristics: aiming at different part characteristics, the quick switching of different characteristic measurement programs is realized by modifying part characteristic parameters; the method comprises the steps of establishing a measurement cycle by adopting a basic signal programming mode of an infrared ray or a Bluetooth measuring head of a numerical control machining center, carrying out online measurement on part characteristic angles, automatically transmitting measurement data to set machine tool parameters for storage, wherein the machine tool parameters are self-defined parameters, are unified standards, meet the layout requirements of subsequent automatic production lines, and form self-defined parameters LSR _ R [ integer ] by adopting Chinese pinyin initials of developer names as a beginning and combining with a common parameter R.

The first module and the A-axis precision quick calibration module: a spindle is provided with a core rod capable of automatically changing a tool for 300mm, a built-in tool setting device is utilized, two point centers 1 and 2 and two point centers 3 and 4 are respectively measured at the positions of SPOS =0 and SPOS =180 by laser, the center deviation delta Y of the two points is measured, the angle deviation of an A axis is automatically calculated by utilizing a formula theta = arctan (delta Y/200), an automatic measurement compensation program is compiled, automatic compensation is carried out to a machine tool coordinate system, and the quick calibration of an A axis coordinate system is realized. The program takes the custom parameters LSR _ R [100], LSR _ R [101], LSR _ R [102], LSR _ R [103], LSR _ R [104], LSR _ R [105], LSR _ R [106] and automatically compensates into $ P _ UIFR [1, A, FI ].

Measuring the characteristics of internal angles such as a second module, an inner hole and a groove: by using the workpiece on-line measuring system, the moving route of the measuring head is to move into a hole or a groove, the axis B or A is positively rotated, when the measuring head is triggered, the measuring head stops, the current angle value LSR _ R [110] = $ AA _ MM [ B ] is automatically recorded, then the axis B or A is negatively rotated, when the measuring head is triggered, the current angle value LSR _ R [111] = $ AA _ MM [ B ] is automatically recorded, when the measuring head is triggered, the axis B or A stops, and the current angle value LSR _ R [111] }/2 is automatically recorded, namely the central angle such as an inner hole, a groove and the like. And the automatic measurement of the internal angles of the inner hole, the groove and the like of the part is realized. The programs occupy the custom parameters LSR _ R [107], LSR _ R [108], LSR _ R [109], LSR _ R [110], LSR _ R [111], and LSR _ R [112].

Measuring external angle characteristics of a third module, a boss, ribs, a pipe and the like: by means of the workpiece on-line measuring system, the measuring head moves to the negative side of the boss, rib and pipe and rotates to the B or A axis positively, when the measuring head is triggered, the measuring head stops, the current angle value LSR [119] = $ AA _ MM [ B ] is recorded automatically, the measuring head is lifted, the moving path moves to the positive side of the boss, rib and pipe and then rotates to the B or A axis negatively, when the measuring head is triggered, the current angle value LSR [120] = $ AA _ MM [ B ], { LSR _ R [120] + LSR [119] }/2 is recorded automatically, and the central angles of the boss, rib and pipe are the same. And the automatic measurement of external angle characteristics of the boss, the rib, the pipe and the like of the part is realized. The programs occupy the custom parameters LSR _ R [113], LSR _ R [114], LSR _ R [115], LSR _ R [116], LSR _ R [117], LSR _ R [118], LSR _ R [119], LSR _ R [120], and LSR _ R [121].

And measuring angular characteristics of a plane, an inclined plane and the like: the method comprises the steps of selecting two points with fixed lengths on a plane or an inclined plane as measuring points by using a workpiece online measuring system, automatically calculating an angle by using a formula theta = arctan (delta Z/L), measuring an error after angle rotation compensation, and finishing measurement when the error is not more than 0.005mm, so that the automatic and accurate measurement of the angular characteristics of the plane, the inclined plane and the like of a part is realized. The programs occupy the custom parameters LSR _ R [122], LSR _ R [123], LSR _ R [124], LSR _ R [125], LSR _ R [126], and LSR _ R [127].

And (3) establishing an overall-process error-proofing system of a data measurement and acquisition period according to a characteristic measurement program, ensuring accurate measurement circulation and safety of a moving process, avoiding track deviation and abnormal movement, ensuring the safety of parts, performing error-proofing judgment on actions influencing measurement operation, performing error-proofing judgment on each measured data, performing error-proofing judgment on position data, setting a self-defined alarm number, compiling an alarm number specification, quickly finding an alarm position through the alarm number, finding an alarm reason and eliminating alarm.

The alarm instruction program can be edited as follows:

IF ABS($P_UIFR[1,A,FI])>0.002 GOTOF EXIT

……

IF ABS(LSR_R[125]-550)>0.1 GOTOF EXIT

……

EXIT：

LOOP

SETAL(660125)

M30

according to the angle characteristic measuring program, a measuring data output interface is set up, and access parameters are reserved for future three-coordinate measurement and equipment automatic measurement networking data exchange, and interface data are LSR _ R [200] to LSR _ R [300].

The measurement effect shows that the measured value is accurate and error-free, the fluctuation range is not more than 0.0005 degrees, and the effective control of the precision of the A and B machine tools is realized through measurement compensation, so that the part machining quality is ensured.

Claims

1. A numerical control machining angle automatic measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the numerical control machine tool structure comprises two structures, namely a five-coordinate machining center one-swing head one-swing table and a double-swing table;

the part angle measurement characteristic elements comprise machine tool A axis precision quick calibration; the angle characteristics of the inner hole and the groove of the part; the external angle characteristics of the boss, the rib and the pipe of the part; the plane and bevel angle characteristics of the part;

(2) According to the characteristic measurement scheme, establishing a characteristic measurement model, classifying the part characteristics, and compiling a modularized characteristic measurement program aiming at different part characteristics, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:

the first module and the A-axis precision quick calibration module: installing a core rod capable of automatically changing a tool for 300mm on a main shaft, utilizing a built-in tool setting device, respectively measuring centers of two points 1 and 2 and centers of two points 3 and 4 at positions SPOS =0 and SPOS =180 by using laser, measuring a deviation delta Y of the centers of the two points, automatically calculating an angle deviation of an A axis by utilizing a formula theta = arctan (delta Y/200), programming an automatic measurement compensation program, automatically compensating to a machine tool coordinate system, and realizing quick calibration of an A axis coordinate system, wherein the program occupies custom parameters LSR _ R [100], LSR _ R [101], LSR _ R [102], LSR _ R [103], LSR _ R [104], LSR _ R [105] and LSR _ R [106] and automatically compensates to $ P _ UIFR [1, A, FI ];

measuring the angle characteristics of the inner hole and the inner part of the groove of the second module: by using the workpiece on-line measuring system, the moving path of the measuring head is to move into the hole and the groove, the B or A axis is positively rotated, when the measuring head is triggered, the measuring head stops, the current angle value LSR [110] = $ AA _ MM [ B ] is automatically recorded, then the B or A axis is negatively rotated, when the measuring head is triggered, the current angle value LSR [111] = $ AA _ MM [ B ] is automatically recorded, the { LSR [110] + LSR _ R [111] }/2 is the center angle of the inner hole and the groove, the automatic measurement of the inner angles of the inner hole and the groove of the part is realized, and the program occupies the custom parameters LSR _ R [107], LSR _ R [108], LSR _ R [109], LSR [110], LSR _ R [111] and LSR _ R [112];

measuring external angle characteristics of a module III, bosses, ribs, pipes and the like: by using the workpiece on-line measuring system, the moving path of the measuring head is moved to the negative side of the boss, rib and tube, the B or A axis is positively rotated, when the measuring head is triggered, the measuring head stops, the current angle value LSR [119] = $ AA _ MM [ B ] is automatically recorded, the measuring head is lifted, the moving path is moved to the positive side of the boss, rib and tube, then the B or A axis is negatively rotated, when the measuring head is triggered, the current angle value LSR [120] = $ AA _ MM [ B ], { LSR _ R [120] + LSR [119] }/2 is the center angle of the boss, rib and tube, the automatic measurement of the external angle characteristics of the boss, rib and tube of the part is realized, and the program occupies the self-defined parameters LSR _ R [113], LSR _ R [114], LSR _ R [115], LSR _ R [116], LSR _ R [117], LSR _ R [118], LSR [119], LSR _ R [120] and LSR [121];

and step four, measuring the angle characteristics of the plane and the inclined plane: the method comprises the steps that a workpiece online measurement system is utilized, two points with fixed lengths on a plane or an inclined plane are selected as measurement points, an angle is automatically calculated by using a formula theta = arctan (delta Z/L), error measurement is carried out after angle rotation compensation, when the error is not more than 0.005mm, the measurement is finished, automatic and accurate measurement of the angle characteristics of the plane or the inclined plane of a part is realized, and a program occupies self-defined parameters LSR _ R [122], LSR _ R [123], LSR _ R [124], LSR _ R [125], LSR _ R [126] and LSR _ R [127];

2. The automatic numerical control machining angle measuring method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the rapid switching of different characteristic measuring programs is realized by modifying part characteristic parameters according to different part characteristics.

3. The automatic numerical control machining angle measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (2), a basic signal programming mode of an infrared ray or a Bluetooth measuring head of a numerical control machining center is adopted, a measuring cycle is established, the part characteristic angle is measured on line, the measured data is automatically transmitted to set machine tool parameters for storage, and the machine tool parameters are self-defined parameters.

4. The automatic numerical control machining angle measuring method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the whole process error-proofing system of the data measurement and acquisition cycle is specifically as follows: the method comprises the steps of carrying out error-proofing judgment on actions influencing measurement operation, carrying out error-proofing judgment on each measurement data, carrying out error-proofing judgment on position data, setting a self-defined alarm number, compiling an alarm number specification, quickly finding an alarm position through the alarm number, searching alarm reasons and eliminating alarm.