CN112008125A - Automatic milling method for high-precision blind hole - Google Patents
Automatic milling method for high-precision blind hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN112008125A CN112008125A CN202010744585.3A CN202010744585A CN112008125A CN 112008125 A CN112008125 A CN 112008125A CN 202010744585 A CN202010744585 A CN 202010744585A CN 112008125 A CN112008125 A CN 112008125A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic milling method for a high-precision blind hole, and belongs to the field of numerical control machining. S1, clamping a part, and establishing a machining coordinate system; s2, primary hole machining; s21, determining the diameter of the primary hole; s22, selecting a primary hole milling cutter; s23, primary hole machining; s3, automatically milling and machining the high-precision hole; s31: determining an automatic milling cutter for the precision hole; s32, assigning an initial variable; s33, variable hole milling; s34, measuring the aperture by using a probe; s35, comparing with a theoretical value; comparing the actual aperture measured by the probe with a theoretical value of the fine hole, if the actual aperture does not meet the requirement, carrying out variable iterative calculation, re-assigning, and repeatedly carrying out the operations of the steps S32-S35; and if the requirements are met, finishing the machining. According to the invention, the milling processing of the initial hole and the final hole is completed through the milling cutter, the size of the final hole is ensured through the online detection of the probe and the repeated iteration of the processed aperture, the manual intervention is avoided, the processing quality is ensured, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to an automatic milling method for a high-precision blind hole.
Background
With the development of the modern industrial manufacturing level, the requirements on design, manufacture and assembly of new generation of aviation weapon equipment are higher and higher; many aviation structure are gone up all to design has the blind hole of high accuracy for satisfy the assembly demand of aviation product. The bottom surface of the hole is a plane, the cylindrical surface and the bottom plane are in smooth transition through a bottom angle R, the aperture range is phi 4 mm-phi 600mm, and the precision requirement is between standard tolerance levels IT 6-IT 11.
Generally, holes with precision above H9 level are machined by drilling, expanding and reaming or boring, but the hole machining mode of drilling, expanding and reaming is adopted, the hole machining precision and the diameter are directly determined by the precision of a reamer, the maximum diameter of a common reamer is only 22mm, the highest precision is H7, the precision requirement of a flat-bottom hanging hole cannot be met, and blind holes cannot be machined due to the fact that a guide structure is arranged on the front sections of a reamer and a reamer. In addition, the hole making mode of boring needs manual intervention many times, including aperture measurement, the diameter of the boring cutter is adjusted to dial, and the final size of the hole is guaranteed by the operation of workers, so that the efficiency is low, and high quality hidden danger exists.
Therefore, the automatic milling method for the high-precision blind hole is designed, and has important significance for guiding process personnel to carry out process preparation and field operation of machine tool operators.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic milling method for high-precision blind holes, which simplifies the processing difficulty of the high-precision blind holes, realizes no manual intervention in the processing process, and improves the processing quality and the processing efficiency.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an automatic milling method for a high-precision blind hole is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, clamping the part, and establishing a machining coordinate system;
s2, primary hole machining: determining the diameter of the initial hole as phif Selecting a primary hole milling cutter to finish primary hole processing, wherein the diameter of the final hole is phi;
s3, automatic milling machining of precision holes, comprising:
s31, determining a precision hole milling cutter;
s32, assignment of an initial variable: the theoretical aperture phi after the initial hole is milledsAs an initial variable;
s33, variable hole milling: firstly, converting a machining coordinate system to the orifice center of a precision hole through program control, then moving a cutter to the initial point of hole milling along the negative Y direction at the machining speed, and then machining the precision hole in a spiral line circular hole milling mode;
s34, measuring the aperture after each hole milling, and recording the aperture value as phic；
S35, obtaining the actual aperture phi of each measurementcAnd theoretical value of fine hole phitAnd (3) comparison:
if the comparison result does not meet the precision requirement, performing variable iterative computation, and performing reassignment on the initial variable value, wherein the final assignment is as follows: phi is as `=φs-φc+φt+0.05, and the operations of steps S32-S35 are repeated;
and if the comparison result meets the tolerance requirement, finishing the machining.
Further, the selection of the diameter D of the milling tool in steps S2, S31 follows:
when phi is more than or equal to 30mm, D =20 mm;
when the diameter of 30mm is more than or equal to phi and more than or equal to 14mm, D =12 mm;
when phi is less than or equal to 14mm, D is less than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to phi-1 mm.
Further, the diameters of the primary and final pores should satisfy: phi-phi f is more than or equal to 1mm, and the primary hole and the final hole are coaxial.
Further, when the initial hole is machined in step S2, a spiral hole milling manner is adopted, and radial layered sequential milling is performed until the axial machining depth satisfies Lf = L (the axial machining depth of the Lf initial hole, and L is the final hole depth).
Further, the radius RD of the bottom tooth of the primary hole milling cutter is consistent with the transition R of the bottom plane of the fine hole, and the length-diameter ratio of the cutter is smaller than 4: 1.
Further, the bottom tooth radius RD1 of the precision hole milling cutter is consistent with the transition R of the bottom plane of the precision hole, and the length-diameter ratio of the cutter is smaller than 4: 1.
Further, the axial machining depth H of the variable milling hole meets the following requirements: h = L + H-0.02mm, and H is the Z-direction safe milling height.
Further, the initial variable φ s should satisfy: phi f is less than phi s and is less than or equal to phi-0.1 mm.
The beneficial effects of this technical scheme are as follows:
1. the automatic milling method divides numerical control processing of the high-precision blind hole into primary hole processing and automatic circular hole milling processing; the milling processing of the primary hole and the final hole is completed through the milling cutter, the size of the final hole is realized through the online detection of the probe and the repeated iteration of the processed aperture, the manual intervention is avoided, the processing quality is ensured, and the processing efficiency is improved;
2. in the invention, the primary hole and the final hole are required to be coaxial during primary hole processing, so that the uniformity of finish machining allowance is effectively ensured.
Drawings
The foregoing and following detailed description of the invention will be apparent when read in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an automatic milling method for high-precision blind holes in aluminum alloys according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an automated milling process for a high-precision hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a spiral hole milling method and effect provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions for achieving the objects of the present invention are further illustrated by the following specific examples, and it should be noted that the technical solutions claimed in the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
As a most basic embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment discloses an automatic milling method for a high-precision blind hole, which includes the following steps:
and S1, clamping the part to be machined by using a vertical milling machine or a horizontal milling machine as a machining machine tool, and establishing a machining coordinate system.
Step S2, primary hole machining; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S21, determining the diameter of the initial hole as phif And the diameter of the final hole is phi, and the diameters of the initial hole and the final hole meet the following conditions: phi-phi f is more than or equal to 1mm, and the primary hole and the final hole are coaxial;
step S22, selecting a primary hole milling cutter, wherein the primary hole milling cutter is required to meet the following requirements: the radius RD of the bottom teeth of the cutter is consistent with the transition R of the bottom plane of the fine hole, and the length-diameter ratio of the cutter is less than 4: 1;
step S23, numerical control machining; by adopting a spiral hole milling mode and radial layered sequential milling, the axial processing depth can meet the following requirements: lf = L (Lf is the initial hole axial machining depth, L is the final hole depth).
Step S3, automatically milling and machining the high-precision hole; all the operations are controlled by programs, the method is a repeated iteration process, the first processing is completed through initial assignment, the measured value of the aperture after each processing is detected through a probe, iterative calculation is performed according to the measured value, assignment is repeated until the measured value meets the tolerance requirement, the whole cycle is skipped, and the hole milling processing is completed.
Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of the automatic milling process of the high-precision hole according to the embodiment of the present invention, which includes the following specific steps:
step S31, determining an automatic milling cutter of the precision hole; the automatic milling cutter for the precision hole meets the following requirements: the radius RD1 of the cutter bottom teeth is consistent with the transition R of the bottom plane of the fine hole, and the length-diameter ratio of the cutter is less than 4: 1;
step S32, assigning an initial variable; the initial variable refers to a theoretical aperture phi s after the first milling processing is finished, and the initial variable should satisfy: phi f is less than phi s and less than or equal to phi-0.1;
step S33, variable hole milling; as shown in FIG. 3, the invention is providedThe spiral line hole milling mode and the effect graph firstly convert a machining coordinate system to the center of a hole orifice of a fine hole through program control, then move to a hole milling initial point along the negative direction Y at a machining speed, and the moving distance meets the following requirements: s = phis2-D/2 (D is the diameter of the cutter), then machining by adopting a spiral line circular hole milling mode, and the main program format is as follows:
G3 X0.000 Y=-S Z=-L I0.000 J=S TURN=H/PITCH
G3 X0.000 Y=-S I0.000 J=S
G1 Y0.000
wherein: h is the axial processing depth, and PITCH is the screw PITCH of the spiral line of the processing tool path. The axial processing depth H should satisfy: h = L + H-0.02(H is the Z-direction safe milling height), namely the variable milling hole end point is 0.02mm raised from the bottom plane of the blind hole; because the distance between the variable milling hole end point and the blind hole bottom plane is 0.02mm, the deviation of the transition R of the finished finish hole bottom plane and the theoretical profile is less than 0.02mm, but the final quality is not influenced.
Step S34, measuring the aperture by the probe; the diameter of the hole after each hole milling is measured by using a probe, and the value of the diameter of the hole is recorded as phic。
Step S35, comparing with a theoretical value; the actual aperture phi obtained by measuring the probecAnd theoretical value of fine hole phitAnd comparing, if the precision requirement is not met, performing variable iterative computation, and performing reassignment on the initial variable value, wherein the final assignment is as follows: phi is as`=φs-φc+φt+0.05, and the operations of steps S32-S35 are repeated; and if the comparison result meets the tolerance requirement, finishing the machining.
Preferably, the selection principle of the milling cutter diameter D in the steps S22 and S31 is as follows:
when phi is more than or equal to 30mm, D =20 mm; when the diameter of 30mm is more than or equal to phi and more than or equal to 14mm, D =12 mm; when phi is less than or equal to 14mm, D is less than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to phi-1 mm.
Preferably, the tolerance zone of the aperture of the processed hole is not too small, usually more than 0.02mm is required, and the precision of the used processing machine tool is far higher than the tolerance of the hole due to the influence of errors of tools, tool measuring tools, machine tools and the like.
In the automatic milling method in the embodiment, the numerical control processing of the high-precision blind hole is divided into initial hole processing and automatic circular hole milling processing; the milling processing of the initial hole and the final hole is completed through the milling cutter, the size of the final hole is realized through the online detection of the probe and the repeated iteration of the processed aperture, the manual intervention is avoided, the processing quality is ensured, and the processing efficiency is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An automatic milling method for a high-precision blind hole is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, clamping the part, and establishing a machining coordinate system;
s2, primary hole machining: determining the diameter of the initial hole as phif Selecting a primary hole milling cutter to finish primary hole processing, wherein the diameter of the final hole is phi;
s3, automatic milling machining of precision holes, comprising:
s31, determining a precision hole milling cutter;
s32, assignment of an initial variable: the theoretical aperture phi after the initial hole is milledsAs an initial variable;
s33, variable hole milling: firstly, converting a machining coordinate system to the orifice center of a precision hole through program control, then moving a cutter to the initial point of hole milling along the negative Y direction at the machining speed, and then machining the precision hole in a spiral line circular hole milling mode;
s34, measuring the aperture after each hole milling, and recording the aperture value as phic；
S35, obtaining the actual aperture phi of each measurementcAnd theoretical value of fine hole phitAnd (3) comparison:
if the comparison result does not meet the precision requirement, performing variable iterative computation, and performing reassignment on the initial variable value, wherein the final assignment is as follows: phi is as `=φs-φc+φt+0.05, and the operations of steps S32-S35 are repeated;
and if the comparison result meets the tolerance requirement, finishing the machining.
2. The automatic milling method for high-precision blind holes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter D of the milling tool selected in steps S2 and S31 is as follows:
when phi is more than or equal to 30mm, D =20 mm;
when the diameter of 30mm is more than or equal to phi and more than or equal to 14mm, D =12 mm;
when phi is less than or equal to 14mm, D is less than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to phi-1 mm.
3. The automatic milling method for the high-precision blind hole as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameters of the initial hole and the final hole are as follows: phi-phif Not less than 1mm, and the primary hole and the final hole are coaxial.
4. The automatic milling method for the high-precision blind hole according to claim 1, wherein when the initial hole is processed in step S2, a spiral hole milling mode is adopted, and radial layering sequential milling is performed until the axial processing depth satisfies Lf=L（LfInitial hole axial machining depth, L is final hole depth).
5. The automatic milling method for the high-precision blind hole as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radius R of the bottom tooth of the primary hole milling tool isDThe length-diameter ratio of the cutter is less than 4:1, and the length-diameter ratio of the cutter is consistent with the transition R of the bottom plane of the fine hole.
6. The automatic milling method for the high-precision blind hole as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom tooth radius R of the precision hole milling toolD1The length-diameter ratio of the cutter is less than 4:1, and the length-diameter ratio of the cutter is consistent with the transition R of the bottom plane of the fine hole.
7. The automatic milling method for the high-precision blind hole as claimed in claim 1, wherein the axial milling depth H of the variable milling hole is as follows: h = L + H-0.02mm, and H is the Z-direction safe milling height.
8. The method for automatically milling the high-precision blind hole as claimed in claim 1, wherein the initial variable φsIt should satisfy: phi is af＜φs≤φ-0.1mm。
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| CN114491805A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-13 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for designing intersection point hole of non-normal columnar joint of partition frame of airplane |
| CN114683008A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-01 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Machining method for high-precision coaxial lug taper hole |
| CN114700703A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-05 | 贵州航天控制技术有限公司 | Blind hole finish machining method, numerical control machine tool, terminal equipment and computer storage medium |
| CN114491805B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2024-07-12 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for designing intersection point holes of non-normal columnar joints of aircraft bulkhead |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114683008A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-01 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Machining method for high-precision coaxial lug taper hole |
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