CN109396952B - Method for detecting precision of numerical control machine tool by means of special tool - Google Patents
Method for detecting precision of numerical control machine tool by means of special tool Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the precision of a numerical control machine tool by a special tool aiming at the condition that the precision of the numerical control machine tool is reduced after the numerical control machine tool runs for a long time, and the special tool is designed, wherein the special tool consists of a cylinder and a cube positioned on the cylinder, the lower end of the cylinder is provided with a groove for mounting a screw, one side of the top of the cube is chamfered with an arbitrary angle, and any two corresponding surfaces of the cube are respectively provided with a concentric round hole; and detecting each parameter of the special tool by utilizing the three coordinates and then compensating the parameters to actual processing to ensure the precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and relates to a method for detecting the precision of a numerical control machine tool by means of a special tool.
Background
The digit control machine tool is through long-term operation, and the precision can descend, the rotation center can squint, and digit control machine tool positioning accuracy, repeated positioning accuracy's reduction can influence the processing of digit control machine tool linear dimension precision, and the reduction of rotation accuracy can influence the processing of digit control machine tool linear angle dimension precision, and all the other losses of digit control machine tool geometric accuracy all arouse the gross machining form and position tolerance of part, the out-of-tolerance of size precision easily. Once the precision of the numerical control machine tool is reduced, the precision of the numerical control machine tool is generally detected and compensated again by using a laser interferometer, so that a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed, and the work is unacceptable for some machining factories without detection equipment and unnecessary funds. In the prior art, after the precision grade of the numerical control machine tool is reduced, most of the numerical control machine tools can only carry out rough machining and semi-finish machining, and cannot finish machining of high-precision parts, so that a large amount of resources are wasted, and the machining capability of manufacturers is not improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the situation that the precision of the numerical control machine tool is reduced after long-term operation, a method for detecting the precision of the numerical control machine tool by means of a special tool is provided, the special tool is designed, and the structural characteristics of the special tool can be conveniently and repeatedly utilized.
Technical scheme
A method for detecting the precision of a numerical control machine tool by means of a special tool comprises a cylinder and a cube positioned on the cylinder, wherein the lower end of the cylinder is provided with a groove for mounting a screw, one side of the top of the cube is chamfered with an oblique angle of any angle, and any two corresponding surfaces of the cube are respectively provided with a concentric round hole; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: fastening the bottom surface of the special tool with the table top of the numerical control machine tool workbench by using screws;
step 2: the numerical control machine tool mills the peripheral surface, the top surface and the inclined plane of a square table of a special tool, so that the planeness of the peripheral surface meets 0.005, and the parallelism of two parallel planes meets 0.01;
and step 3: circular holes are formed in two corresponding surfaces of a square table of the special tool for the butt boring of the numerical control machine tool, so that the coaxiality meets 0.01, and the cylindricity meets 0.005;
and 4, step 4: detecting the coaxiality of the special tool by three coordinates, and giving out deviations delta X and delta Z of the axis of one hole of the square platform of the special tool relative to the axis of the other hole of the corresponding surface in the specified X, Z direction;
and 5: the angle between the inclined plane of the special tool for three-coordinate detection and the top surface of the square table is measured;
step 6: the distances X1 and Y1 between every two corresponding surfaces of a square table of the special three-coordinate detection tool are used for detecting the Z-direction distance Z1 between the top surface of the special tool and any hole in an appointed coordinate system XYZ;
and 7: taking deviations delta X and delta Z of the axis of one hole of the square table of the special tool relative to the axis of the other hole of the corresponding surface in the appointed X, Z direction, considering that the deviations of the machine tool in the X, Z direction are consistent and fixed as delta X and delta Z when the rotary worktable processes the part coaxiality in the period of time, reversely compensating the values into processing values during processing, and performing head-to-head boring finish machining on the batch to ensure the coaxiality requirement;
and 8: calculating the deviation delta between the angle between the special tool inclined plane and the top surface of the square table and the theoretical angle, recording the angle between the tool inclined plane and the top surface of the square table as alpha, considering that the rotation error of the machine tool is in positive linear proportion correlation with the deviation delta when the A shaft and the B shaft are rotated to carry out angle beta processing in the period of time, calculating the ratio of the alpha to the beta as k, converting the compensation value of the linear proportion into k delta, and reversely compensating the k delta into the rotation angle to carry out angle processing;
and step 9: calculating the distances X1 and Y1 of every two corresponding surfaces of the square table of the special tool, and detecting the difference values delta X, delta Y and delta Z between the distance Z1 of the top surface of the tool and any hole in the Z direction in a specified coordinate system XYZ and the theoretical distance; when linear distances X2, Y2 and Z2 are precisely machined, ratios k1, k2 and k3 of X1, Y1 and Z1 to X2, Y2 and Z2 are respectively calculated, and during numerical control machining, k1 delta X, k2 delta Y, k3 delta Z is reversely compensated in a theoretical value, and linear dimension machining is carried out.
Advantageous effects
The method for detecting the precision of the numerical control machine tool by the special tool has stronger guiding significance for detecting the precision of the machine tool and improving the finish machining precision of the numerical control machine tool with reduced precision after long-term operation, can greatly facilitate the precision detection of the numerical control machine tool, improve the machining efficiency, greatly increase the finished product rate of part machining, shorten the production period of products, reduce the production cost, prolong the service life of the numerical control machine tool, improve the machining capacity of a machining manufacturer, and has wider popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a specific tooling of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the special tool B-B of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the detection direction of the special tool of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the special tool of the present invention on a numerically controlled machine tool
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
the invention aims at the situation that the precision of the numerical control machine tool is reduced after long-term operation, and the precision errors of head-to-head boring, angle processing and linear processing of the numerical control machine tool are detected by utilizing a special tool, linear proportion conversion of the errors is completed, and the errors are reversely compensated into the theoretical size of a numerical control program, so that the processing of high-precision parts is completed.
Firstly, designing and manufacturing a special tool 1 suitable for detecting the precision of a numerical control machine tool according to the use requirement of the tool, wherein the special tool 1 consists of a cylinder with the height of 100mm and the diameter of 100mm and a cube with the side length of 70mm, and through holes with the diameter of 50mm are arranged on the periphery of the cube; the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the special tool 1 have 5-level flatness requirements, and the parallelism of the upper end surface to the lower end surface is 5 levels; the special tool 1 is milled with a square table and four holes and inclined planes on the square table in advance, and only a small amount of allowance is removed on the existing square table, four holes and inclined planes before finish machining in each time, so that the machining precision error detection of linear dimension, head-to-head boring and angle dimension is carried out; meanwhile, before the special tool is subjected to finish machining at each time, only a small amount of allowance on the square table of the tool, four holes on the square table and an inclined plane is removed by milling, and the special tool is convenient to recycle.
Before machining, the special tool 1 is installed on a numerical control machine tool workbench 3, and the bottom surface of the special tool 1 is conveniently fastened with a table top of the numerical control machine tool workbench 3 through a fastening screw 2 due to the structure of the special tool 1;
the processing content of the special tool for machining the numerical control machine tool comprises: 1) the special milling tool 1 has the advantages that the requirements on flatness, parallelism and angle are met by the peripheral surface, the top surface and the inclined plane of the square table; 2) holes are formed in two corresponding surfaces of a square table of the special tool for butt boring, so that the coaxiality requirement is ensured;
after processing, sending three-coordinate detection, wherein the three-coordinate detection contains: 1) detecting the coaxiality of the special tool, and providing the deviations delta X and delta Z of the axis of one hole of the square platform of the special tool in the specified direction relative to the axis of the other hole of the corresponding surface; 2) detecting the angle between the inclined plane of the special tool and the top surface of the square table; 3) detecting the distances X1 and Y1 of the corresponding surfaces of the four square tables of the special tool, and detecting the Z-direction distance Z1 between the top surface of the tool and any hole in an appointed coordinate system XYZ;
according to the three-coordinate detection result, the precision error conversion of the numerical control machine tool head-to-head boring, angle machining and linear machining is carried out, and the contents are as follows: 1) and taking deviations delta X and delta Z of the axis of one hole of the square table of the special tool relative to the axis of the other hole of the corresponding surface in the designated X, Z direction, and considering that the deviations of the machine tool in the X, Z direction are consistent when the rotary worktable processes the part coaxiality in the period of time, and are delta X and delta Z. In actual numerical control finish machining, the values can be compensated into machining numerical values, and the butt boring finish machining of the batch is carried out to ensure the coaxiality requirement; 2) calculating the deviation delta between the angle deviation between the special tool inclined plane and the top surface of the square table and the theoretical angle, recording the angle between the tool inclined plane and the top surface of the square table as alpha, considering that the rotation error of the machine tool is in positive linear proportion with the deviation delta when the A shaft and the B shaft are rotated to carry out angle beta processing in the period of time, calculating the ratio of alpha to beta as k, and converting and compensating the value by linear proportion to be k delta. When the angle size is actually finished in a numerical control manner, the numerical values are reversely compensated into a rotating angle for angle processing; 3) calculating the distances X1 and Y1 of every two corresponding surfaces of the square table of the special tool, and detecting the difference values delta X, delta Y and delta Z between the distance Z1 of the top surface of the tool and any hole in the Z direction in a specified coordinate system XYZ and the theoretical distance; when linear distances X2, Y2 and Z2 are accurately machined, ratios k1, k2 and k3 of X1, Y1 and Z1 to X2, Y2 and Z2 are calculated respectively; when linear dimension is machined in an actual numerical control mode, the linear dimension is machined by reversely compensating k1 delta X, k2 delta Y, k3 delta Z on a theoretical value.
Claims (1)
1. A method for detecting the precision of a numerical control machine tool by means of a special tool comprises a cylinder and a cube positioned on the cylinder, wherein the lower end of the cylinder is provided with a groove for mounting a screw, one side of the top of the cube is chamfered with an oblique angle of any angle, and any two corresponding surfaces of the cube are respectively provided with a concentric round hole; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: fastening the bottom surface of the special tool with the table top of the numerical control machine tool workbench by using screws;
step 2: the numerical control machine tool mills the peripheral surface, the top surface and the inclined plane of a square table of a special tool, so that the planeness of the peripheral surface meets 0.005, and the parallelism of two parallel planes meets 0.01;
and step 3: circular holes are formed in two corresponding surfaces of a square table of the special tool for the butt boring of the numerical control machine tool, so that the coaxiality meets 0.01, and the cylindricity meets 0.005;
and 4, step 4: detecting the coaxiality of the special tool by three coordinates, and giving out deviations delta X and delta Z of the axis of one hole of the square platform of the special tool relative to the axis of the other hole of the corresponding surface in the specified X, Z direction;
and 5: the angle between the inclined plane of the special tool for three-coordinate detection and the top surface of the square table is measured;
step 6: the distances X1 and Y1 between every two corresponding surfaces of a square table of the special three-coordinate detection tool are used for detecting the Z-direction distance Z1 between the top surface of the special tool and any hole in an appointed coordinate system XYZ;
and 7: taking deviations delta X and delta Z of the axis of one hole of the square table of the special tool relative to the axis of the other hole of the corresponding surface in the appointed X, Z direction, considering that the deviations of the machine tool in the X, Z direction are consistent and fixed as delta X and delta Z when the rotary worktable processes the part coaxiality in the period of time, reversely compensating the values into processing values during processing, and performing head-to-head boring finish machining on the batch to ensure the coaxiality requirement;
and 8: calculating the deviation delta between the angle between the special tool inclined plane and the top surface of the square table and the theoretical angle, recording the angle between the tool inclined plane and the top surface of the square table as alpha, considering that the rotation error of the machine tool is in positive linear proportion correlation with the deviation delta when the A shaft and the B shaft are rotated to carry out angle beta processing in the period of time, calculating the ratio of the alpha to the beta as k, converting the compensation value of the linear proportion into k delta, and reversely compensating the k delta into the rotation angle to carry out angle processing;
and step 9: calculating the distances X1 and Y1 of every two corresponding surfaces of the square table of the special tool, and detecting the difference values delta X, delta Y and delta Z between the distance Z1 of the top surface of the tool and any hole in the Z direction in a specified coordinate system XYZ and the theoretical distance; when linear distances X2, Y2 and Z2 are precisely machined, ratios k1, k2 and k3 of X1, Y1 and Z1 to X2, Y2 and Z2 are respectively calculated, and during numerical control machining, k1 delta X, k2 delta Y, k3 delta Z is reversely compensated in a theoretical value, and linear dimension machining is carried out.
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| CN110103080B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2021-05-14 | 沈阳航空制造有限公司 | Machine tool machining consistency error compensation method for intelligent production line |
| CN111331427B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-08-06 | 清华大学 | Single-value measuring tool and method for attitude angle of main shaft head of machine tool |
| CN112846935B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-10-18 | 中船重工西安东仪科工集团有限公司 | Measurement and processing compensation method for space dimension online processing |
| CN115338691B (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-07-21 | 中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司 | Method for measuring feeding shaft error of numerical control machine tool |
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