CN112492916A - Planting method for returning spring wheat straw and hair vetch to field in cooperation in irrigation area - Google Patents
Planting method for returning spring wheat straw and hair vetch to field in cooperation in irrigation area Download PDFInfo
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- CN112492916A CN112492916A CN202011575613.XA CN202011575613A CN112492916A CN 112492916 A CN112492916 A CN 112492916A CN 202011575613 A CN202011575613 A CN 202011575613A CN 112492916 A CN112492916 A CN 112492916A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for returning spring wheat straw and hair vetch to field in a irrigation area in a synergic manner, which comprises the following steps: sowing spring wheat in spring; sowing hairy vetch seeds before filling spring wheat with wheat yellow water; harvesting high stubble when the spring wheat is mature; after harvesting, carrying out regular irrigation in the growth period of the hairy vetch; mixing the hairy vetch with the stubble spring wheat straw in the full bloom stage, turning over and pressing the mixture to return the field, and planting the spring corn in the next year. The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the planting method provided by the invention, the spring wheat straw with high carbon-nitrogen ratio and the hair vetch with low carbon-nitrogen ratio are mixed and turned over, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted by utilizing the carbon-nitrogen coordination of the wheat straw and the hair vetch, the decomposition rate of the spring wheat straw and the hair vetch is accelerated, the complete decomposition time is shortened, and the problem of carbon-nitrogen ratio imbalance when the spring wheat straw is returned to the field alone is solved; meanwhile, the nutrient supply of straw carbon and green fertilizer nitrogen is enhanced, the soil fertility is improved, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of the next-season crops is reduced, and the yield of the next-season crops is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of farmland cultivation and crop cultivation, in particular to a planting method for returning spring wheat straw and hairy vetch to field in a irrigation area in a synergic manner.
Background
In arid irrigated areas and dry climates in China, spring wheat straws are slowly decomposed in a mode of independent covering and turning over and pressing for returning to the field, so that the seeding quality of crops in the next season is difficult to ensure, and the problems of irregular emergence and slow growth of the crops are easily caused, thereby reducing the yield of the crops. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the planting and breeding structure in the region is adjusted, the straw burning phenomenon is serious, resource waste is caused, and the environment is polluted, so that the agricultural problem to be solved urgently is that how to carry out efficient returning of the spring wheat straws.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method for returning spring wheat straws and hair vetch to the field in a irrigated area in a synergic manner aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a planting method for returning spring wheat straws and hairy vetch to field in a irrigation area in a synergic manner comprises the following steps:
1) sowing the spring wheat in spring;
2) sowing hairy vetch seeds before filling spring wheat with wheat yellow water;
3) harvesting high stubble when the spring wheat is mature;
4) after the spring wheat is harvested, periodically irrigating in the growth period of the vetch;
5) mixing the hairy vetch with the stubble-remained spring wheat straw, turning over and pressing the mixture to return the mixture to the field in the full bloom period of the hairy vetch, and planting the spring corn in the next year.
Further, the planting method for the irrigated area spring wheat straw and the hairy vetch to return to the field cooperatively,in the step 1), spring wheat is sown in 3 middle of the year with the sowing amount of 450kg/hm2And drill seeding is adopted, and the row spacing is 12-20 cm.
Further, in the planting method for the irrigated area spring wheat straw and hair vetch collaborative returning, in the step 2), the sowing method of the hair vetch is to uniformly spread seeds in the field of the spring wheat, and the sowing amount is 50-70kg/hm2。
Further, in the planting method for returning the spring wheat straw and the vetch to the field in the irrigation area in a synergic manner, in the step 2), irrigation is carried out within 2 days after the vetch is broadcast, the irrigation mode is large water flood irrigation, and the irrigation amount is 900m3/hm2。
Further, in the planting method for the irrigated area spring wheat straw and vetch collaborative returning, in the step 3), the stubble height when the spring wheat is mature and harvested is controlled to be more than 25 cm.
Further, in the planting method for the synergy returning of the spring wheat straw and the vetch to the field in the irrigation area, in the step 4), the vetch is irrigated within 2 days after the spring wheat is harvested, the irrigation mode is flood irrigation, and the irrigation quantity is 750m3/hm2(ii) a Then, the vetch is irrigated again on the 22 nd day and the 42 th day after the spring wheat is harvested, the irrigation modes are large water flood irrigation, and the irrigation quantity is 900m3/hm2。
Further, in the planting method for the irrigated area spring wheat straw and the hairy vetch to return to the field cooperatively, in the step 5), the hairy vetch and the stubble spring wheat straw are mixed and rolled over in the full bloom period, and the rolling depth is 5-30cm of the soil layer.
Further, in the planting method for the cooperative returning of the spring wheat straw and the hairy vetch to the field in the irrigation area, in the step 5), the length of the hairy vetch and the spring wheat straw is shorter than 15cm when the hairy vetch and the spring wheat straw are turned over and pressed.
Further, in the planting method for returning the spring wheat straw and the vetch to the field in the irrigation area in a synergic manner, in the step 5), winter irrigation is needed in the field returning field, and the irrigation mode is flood irrigation and irrigationThe amount is 900m3/hm2。
Further, in the planting method for the irrigated area spring wheat straw and vetch collaborative field returning, in the step 5), after the field is returned, when spring corn production planting is carried out next year, the total amount of the pure nitrogen fertilizer applied in the whole spring corn breeding period is reduced by 10%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the planting method for the irrigated area spring wheat straw and hair vetch to return to the field cooperatively, the spring wheat straw with the high carbon-nitrogen ratio and the hair vetch with the low carbon-nitrogen ratio are mixed and turned over, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted by utilizing the carbon-nitrogen coordination of the spring wheat straw and the hair vetch, the decomposition rate of the spring wheat straw and the hair vetch is accelerated, and the complete decomposition time is shortened; the technology can effectively solve the problem of carbon-nitrogen ratio imbalance when the spring wheat straws are returned to the field independently, and can increase the yield of the next crop while reducing the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer of the next crop by enhancing the nutrient supply of carbon and green manure nitrogen of the straws, fertilizing the soil fertility and improving the yield of the next crop.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the influence of the synergistic returning of spring wheat straw and hairy vetch on the yield of corn seeds in the next crop.
FIG. 2 shows the change rule of decay rate when spring wheat straw and hair vetch are returned to the field synergistically.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the example is carried out at Wuwei oasis agricultural test station of agricultural academy of sciences of Gansu province, altitude is 1504 m, frost-free period is about 150 d, annual rainfall is 150mm, annual evaporation capacity is 2021mm, annual average air temperature is 7.7 ℃, sunshine hours are 3023 h, effective accumulated temperature is 3016 ℃ at the temperature of not less than 10 ℃, and total annual solar radiation is 140-2Belongs to the typical continental drought climate with insufficient two seasons and one season with residual temperate zone. The soil type is calcareous desert irrigation soil.
The test nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is triple superphosphate, and the total fertilization amount is pure N225 kg hm-2，P2O5 120 kg﹒hm-2. The phosphate fertilizer and 70 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer are used as base fertilizers and are spread on the ground surface before sowing, and the base fertilizers are turned into soil; the rest of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer and is applied during the first irrigation.
Spring wheat variety Ningchun 53, seeding No. 3, month 13, seeding with a seed size of 450 kg. Hem.-2Drill seeding is adopted, and the row spacing is 15 cm.
The seed variety is Tukumame seed with seeding rate of 60kg-2Uniformly spreading the mixture in a field of spring wheat in 28 afternoon in 6 months (namely before the spring wheat is irrigated with yellow water), and irrigating in 29 morning in 6 months by flooding with water of 900m3﹒hm-2。
Harvesting the wheat in 14-day spring in 7 months, and setting the stubble height of 10cm, 25cm and 40cm 3 during harvesting.
Irrigating in 7 months and 15 days, wherein the irrigation mode is large water flood irrigation, and the irrigation amount is about 750m3﹒hm-2. Then, the water is irrigated respectively for 8 months and 5 days and 8 months and 25 days, the irrigation modes are large water flood irrigation, and the irrigation quantity is about 900m3﹒hm-2。
The stubble-remaining spring wheat straw and the hairy vetch are mixed and pressed for 9 months and 15 days, the pressing depth is 5-30cm, and the shearing length of the spring wheat straw and the fresh grass of the hairy vetch is 5-15cm during pressing.
Performing winter irrigation in 12 months and 8 days in a manner of flood irrigation with water amount of about 900m3﹒hm-2。
Second year, when the corn is planted in the single field, the variety is Wuke No. 2, and is planted in wide and narrow rows with a planting density of 82500. mu.m, and the narrow row is 40cm, the wide row is 60cm, and the planting density is 82500-2。
The test nitrogen fertilizer was urea, with the total amount of nitrogen applied after leaving the field as pure N420 kg @-2,The total nitrogen application amount of the spring wheat straw and the hairy vetch in the synergistic returning process is pure N345 kg-2,The fertilization mode is that 20 percent of each treatment is used as base fertilizer, 40 percent of additional fertilization is carried out in the jointing stage, and 40 percent of large bell mouth is adopted.
The phosphorus fertilizer used in the test is triple superphosphate, and the phosphorus application amount in all treatments is the same and is P2O5 120 kg﹒hm-2And is applied once as a base fertilizer.
All the field management measures such as irrigation treatment and the like are the same.
When the stubble-remaining spring wheat straws and the hair vetch are mixed and turned over in 15 days in 9 months, a nylon mesh bag burying method is adopted to determine the synergistic field returning decomposition rate of the spring wheat straws and the hair vetch.
The specification of the nylon mesh bag (120 meshes) is (35 cm multiplied by 25 cm), the loading amount of the straws in the mesh bag is converted according to the total amount and the area of the straws in the cell, the spring wheat straws and the fresh vetch grass are fully and uniformly mixed when being loaded, then the mixture is buried in a test field, the buried depth is 5-30cm, and the shearing length of the spring wheat straws and the fresh vetch grass is similar to the operation of the field and is 5-15 cm.
Sampling every 30 days after embedding, pouring out the spring wheat straws and the hairy vetch in the nylon mesh bag after sampling, washing, drying and weighing, and finally determining the straw decomposition rate by using a weight loss method.
As shown in figure 1, after the spring wheat straws and the vetch are returned to the field cooperatively, the yield of the spring corn grains is improved by 8.72-13.26% compared with that of the spring corn grains which are not returned to the field under the condition that the application amount of a chemical nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 17.86% in the production process of the corn in the next season, and the difference reaches a remarkable level; compared with the traditional stubble remaining and returning (stubble remaining 10 cm), the method improves the treatment by 4.14-8.49%, wherein the difference between the stubble remaining height of spring wheat straws of 25cm and 40cm reaches a remarkable level.
As shown in figure 2, the decomposition rate of the spring wheat straw and the hairy vetch after being returned to the field cooperatively after 180 days is improved by 13.72-27.13% compared with the traditional spring wheat stubble remaining and returning to the field, wherein the spring wheat straw stubble height of 25cm and the decomposition rate of the spring wheat straw after being treated by 40cm reach a significant level compared with the traditional stubble remaining and returning to the field (stubble 10 cm).
Table 1 shows the C/N of spring wheat straw with different stubble height and the hairy vetch in cooperation with returning to the field.
As shown in Table 1, when the spring wheat straw and the hair vetch are returned to the field cooperatively, the carbon-nitrogen ratio can be adjusted by utilizing the carbon-nitrogen coordination of the spring wheat straw and the hair vetch, and the problem of imbalance of the carbon-nitrogen ratio when the spring wheat straw is returned to the field independently is solved. In the example, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the traditional spring wheat straw returning to the field alone (stubble remaining by 10 cm) is 66.26, while the carbon-nitrogen ratios of the spring wheat straw returning to the field by 10cm +, 25cm + and 40cm + and the spring wheat straw returning to the field cooperatively with the hairy vetch are respectively reduced to 17.44, 23.48 and 28.61.
Table 2 shows the effect of the co-returning of spring wheat straw and hairy vetch on the nutrients of the topsoil (0-20 cm).
As shown in Table 2, the spring wheat straw and the vetch are returned to the field cooperatively, so that the soil fertility can be improved. Before the spring corn is sowed in the next year, the spring wheat straw and the hair vetch are returned to the field to process the organic matter, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium of the plough layer soil (0-20 cm) are improved, and compared with the field not returning process, the organic matter, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium are respectively improved by 8.22-10.04%, 10.18-16.98%, 22.80-29.49% and 17.81-28.71%, and compared with the traditional straw stubble remaining and field returning process, the organic matter, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium are respectively improved by 0.45-2.13%, 1.20-.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method for returning spring wheat straws and hairy vetch to field in a irrigation area in a synergic manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sowing the spring wheat in spring;
2) sowing hairy vetch seeds before filling spring wheat with wheat yellow water;
3) harvesting high stubble when the spring wheat is mature;
4) after the spring wheat is harvested, periodically irrigating in the growth period of the vetch;
5) mixing the hairy vetch with the stubble-remained spring wheat straw, turning over and pressing the mixture to return the mixture to the field in the full bloom period of the hairy vetch, and planting the spring corn in the next year.
2. The planting method for the irrigated area spring wheat straw and vetch collaborative field returning as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the spring wheat is sowed in 3 months of the year with the sowing amount of 450kg/hm2And drill seeding is adopted, and the row spacing is 12-20 cm.
3. The planting method of the irrigated area spring wheat straw and hair vetch collaborative field returning according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2), the sowing method of the hair vetch is to uniformly spread seeds in the spring wheat field, and the sowing amount is 50-70kg/hm2。
4. The planting method for the cooperative returning of the spring wheat straws and the vetch to the field in the irrigation area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the vetch is irrigated within 2 days after the broadcasting of the vetch in a large water flood irrigation mode with the irrigation quantity of 900m3/hm2。
5. The planting method of the irrigated area spring wheat straw and vetch collaborative returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 3), the stubble height when the spring wheat is mature and harvested is controlled to be more than 25 cm.
6. The planting method for the irrigated area spring wheat straw and vetch cooperative returning to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the vetch is irrigated within 2 days after the spring wheat is harvested, the irrigation mode is large water flood irrigation, and the irrigation amount is 750m3/hm2(ii) a Then, the vetch is irrigated again on the 22 nd day and the 42 th day after the spring wheat is harvested, the irrigation modes are large water flood irrigation, and the irrigation quantity is 900m3/hm2。
7. The planting method of the irrigated area spring wheat straw and the vetch in the field in a synergic manner according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the vetch and the stubble spring wheat straw are mixed and pressed at a soil layer depth of 5-30cm during the blooming period of the vetch.
8. The planting method of the irrigated area spring wheat straw and the vetch in the field in a synergic manner according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the length of the vetch and the spring wheat straw is shorter than 15cm when the vetch and the spring wheat straw are turned over and pressed.
9. The planting method for returning the spring wheat straws and the vetch to the field in the irrigation area in the claim 1, wherein the field returning field in the step 5) needs winter irrigation in a large water flood irrigation mode with the irrigation amount of 900m3/hm2。
10. The planting method for the irrigated area spring wheat straw and hair vetch collaborative field returning to the field as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the step 5), after returning to the field, the total amount of the pure nitrogen fertilizer applied in the whole spring corn breeding period is reduced by 10% when spring corn production planting is carried out in the next year.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115380657A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-11-25 | 青海省农林科学院 | Carbon fixation and emission reduction method based on cooperative returning of common vetch and highland barley straw |
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| CN111699778A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-25 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Straw returning method based on corn and cover crop cultivation |
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- 2020-12-28 CN CN202011575613.XA patent/CN112492916A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102204471A (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2011-10-05 | 甘肃农业大学 | Stub-leaving no-tillage spring-manure wheat sowing and cultivation method |
| CN106386064A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for improving secondary saline-alkali lands in Hetao irrigation district by interplanting of soybeans and wheat |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115380657A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-11-25 | 青海省农林科学院 | Carbon fixation and emission reduction method based on cooperative returning of common vetch and highland barley straw |
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