CN112400681A - Soilless culture method for vegetables - Google Patents
Soilless culture method for vegetables Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112400681A CN112400681A CN202011197691.0A CN202011197691A CN112400681A CN 112400681 A CN112400681 A CN 112400681A CN 202011197691 A CN202011197691 A CN 202011197691A CN 112400681 A CN112400681 A CN 112400681A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- soilless culture
- seedling
- culture substrate
- vegetable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetable soilless culture method, which comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparation of a soilless culture substrate, (2) vegetable seedling raising, (3) seedling planting and (4) seedling stage management, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-33 parts of sawdust, 20-28 parts of rice hull, 2-5 parts of tea leaves, 5-10 parts of bean pulp, 40-55 parts of dried cow dung, 1-2 parts of chitosan, 0.2-0.8 part of urea, 6-12 parts of medicine residues, 15-23 parts of furnace slag and 5-10 parts of bentonite, wherein the 6-12 parts of medicine residues comprise 2-3 parts of kudzu root, 2-3 parts of astragalus root, 1-3 parts of radix stemonae and 1-3 parts of a mixture of motherwort and codonopsis pilosula. The soilless culture method for vegetables provided by the invention has the advantages that the seedling burning phenomenon during seedling raising of cucumbers is obviously reduced by adjusting certain traditional Chinese medicine components in the soilless culture substrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting, and relates to a vegetable soilless culture method.
Background
The soilless culture of vegetables has the advantages of water and fertilizer saving, good product quality, high yield and the like. Soilless culture of vegetables can be roughly classified into two types, one is hydroponic culture using a liquid medium, and the other is culture using a solid substrate including organic substances. The cultivation of the solid substrate has low cost, can utilize organic substances, reduces the environmental pollution caused by the organic substances, simultaneously does not need to be accurate for controlling equipment and a system, and is widely applied to the soilless cultivation of vegetables.
In the cultivation of solid substrates of vegetables, soilless culture substrates are an important research direction, and the researchers of the invention disclose a soilless culture method of vegetables in CN107581042A, which comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparation of a soilless culture substrate, (2) vegetable seedling raising, (3) seedling planting and (4) seedling stage management, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 25-33 parts of sawdust, 20-28 parts of rice hull, 2-5 parts of tea leaves, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 40-55 parts of dried cow dung, 1-2 parts of chitosan, 0.2-0.8 part of urea, 2-3 parts of kudzu root, 2-3 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1-3 parts of radix stemonae, 1-3 parts of clove, 15-23 parts of furnace slag and 5-10 parts of bentonite. The soilless culture method for the vegetables can improve the yield of the vegetables and prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.
Disclosure of Invention
In the application practice of the fertilizer, researchers of the invention find that the soilless culture substrate has a seedling burning phenomenon in the seedling raising process of cucumber seedlings, and find that the soilless culture substrate is related to certain traditional Chinese medicine components after factors of insufficient organic matter decomposition and overhigh chemical fertilizer concentration are eliminated, and the invention is based on the finding.
The invention aims to improve the traditional Chinese medicine components and improve the water content of the soilless culture substrate, thereby improving the seedling burning condition of cucumber seedlings.
The invention discloses a vegetable soilless culture method, which comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparation of a soilless culture substrate, (2) vegetable seedling raising, (3) seedling planting and (4) seedling stage management, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-33 parts of sawdust, 20-28 parts of rice hull, 2-5 parts of tea leaves, 5-10 parts of bean pulp, 40-55 parts of dried cow dung, 1-2 parts of chitosan, 0.2-0.8 part of urea, 6-12 parts of medicine residues, 15-23 parts of furnace slag and 5-10 parts of bentonite, wherein the 6-12 parts of medicine residues comprise 2-3 parts of kudzu root, 2-3 parts of astragalus root, 1-3 parts of radix stemonae and 1-3 parts of a mixture of motherwort and codonopsis pilosula.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the weight ratio of motherwort to dangshen in the mixture of motherwort and dangshen is 1: (1-5).
In some embodiments of the invention, the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of sawdust, 25 parts of rice hull, 3 parts of tea leaves, 8 parts of bean pulp, 50 parts of dried cow dung, 2 parts of chitosan, 0.5 part of urea, 10 parts of medicine residue, 20 parts of furnace slag and 8 parts of bentonite; the 10 parts of the medicine dregs comprise 3 parts of kudzuvine root, 3 parts of astragalus, 2 parts of sessile stemona root, 0.5 part of motherwort and 1.5 parts of pilose asiabell root.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the preparation method of the herb residue comprises decocting the Chinese medicinal materials with water for 2-3 times, filtering, drying the obtained filter cake, and pulverizing.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the soilless culture substrate comprises the following steps:
s11, crushing sawdust, rice hulls, tea leaves and bean pulp, mixing the crushed dregs, adding dried cow dung, chitosan and urea, and uniformly mixing; then adding water into the mixture to enable the water content to reach 55-65%;
s12, stacking the raw material mixture, sealing with a plastic film, and fermenting and decomposing;
s13, when the temperature exceeds 60 ℃, turning the pile, and controlling the water content to be 25-45% in the fermentation period; the mixture turns black and becomes lees, and the fiber is softened and degraded, thus completing the fermentation;
s14, adding the slag and the bentonite into the fermentation product, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soilless culture substrate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the (2) growing the vegetable seedlings comprises the following steps:
s21, arranging a seedling raising tray in the seedling raising shed, and adding the prepared soilless culture substrate into the seedling raising tray;
s22, soaking vegetable seeds in 0.1-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 30-60 minutes, then sowing the vegetable seeds in a culture medium in a seedling tray, irrigating the medium with water, and keeping the temperature of a seedling shed at 20-30 ℃;
s23, watering the seedling nutrient solution every two days after the seedling washes out the matrix, and watering every day to keep the soilless culture matrix moist;
s24, when 3-5 true leaves grow out of the seedling or the height of the seedling plant reaches 5-7cm, preparing for transplanting.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of each component in each 1000ml of the seedling nutrient solution is: 500mg of monopotassium phosphate 450, 200mg of calcium nitrate 150, 400mg of magnesium sulfate 300, 20-50mg of zinc nitrate, 10-30mg of sodium selenite, 60-90mg of ammonium ferric sulfate, 10-30mg of cerium nitrate, 50-100mg of naphthylacetic acid and the balance of deionized water.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the (3) seedling planting comprises the following steps:
s31, arranging a cultivation groove in a greenhouse, filling the prepared soilless culture substrate into the cultivation groove, and controlling the thickness of the culture substrate to be 20-30 cm;
and S32, transplanting the vegetable seedlings to a cultivation groove for field planting, and irrigating the matrix with water after field planting.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the (4) seedling stage management comprises applying two to three water flush fertilizers to the vegetables every week during the growth of the vegetables.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of each component in each 1000ml of the vegetable water flush fertilizer is: 300mg of monopotassium phosphate, 300mg of calcium nitrate, 350 mg of magnesium sulfate, 450mg of zinc nitrate, 50-100mg of sodium selenite, 200mg of ferric citrate, 100mg of manganese sulfate, 30-80mg of cerium nitrate, 80-120mg of naphthylacetic acid and the balance of deionized water.
In some embodiments of the invention, the (2) soilless culture substrate with appropriate moisture content in the vegetable seedling is screened by adopting the following method:
s231, taking a plurality of soilless culture substrates with different crushing degrees and preparation processes, and estimating the 1-day water content of each soilless culture substrate by adopting the following formula:
la1 and La2 are two points of a time domain reflectometer probe inserted into the surface of a soilless culture substrate when the soilless culture substrate is just watered thoroughly, Lb1 and Lb2 are two points of the time domain reflectometer probe inserted into the surface of the soilless culture substrate after the soilless culture substrate is placed in a greenhouse for 1 day, and C1 is an influence coefficient;
s232, selecting a soilless culture substrate with the water content index smaller than 1, wherein the water content index is calculated through a series of formulas:
preferably, C1 is 0.5-1.5 and C2 is 0.1-0.2.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the soilless culture method for vegetables provided by the invention has the advantages that the seedling burning phenomenon during seedling raising of cucumbers is obviously reduced by adjusting certain traditional Chinese medicine components in the soilless culture substrate.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the contents of the components in each 1000ml of the seedling nutrient solution are as follows: 500mg of monopotassium phosphate 450, 200mg of calcium nitrate 150, 400mg of magnesium sulfate 300, 20-50mg of zinc nitrate, 10-30mg of sodium selenite, 60-90mg of ammonium ferric sulfate, 10-30mg of cerium nitrate, 50-100mg of naphthylacetic acid and the balance of deionized water. In each 1000ml of the vegetable water flush fertilizer, the contents of the components are as follows: 300mg of monopotassium phosphate, 300mg of calcium nitrate, 350 mg of magnesium sulfate, 450mg of zinc nitrate, 50-100mg of sodium selenite, 200mg of ferric citrate, 100mg of manganese sulfate, 30-80mg of cerium nitrate, 80-120mg of naphthylacetic acid and the balance of deionized water.
And (3) in the seedling planting, the method comprises the following steps:
s31, arranging a cultivation groove in a greenhouse, filling the prepared soilless culture substrate into the cultivation groove, and controlling the thickness of the culture substrate to be 20-30 cm;
and S32, transplanting the vegetable seedlings to a cultivation groove for field planting, and irrigating the matrix with water after field planting.
The (4) seedling stage management comprises applying two to three water flush fertilizers to the vegetables every week during the growth of the vegetables.
The following examples are parallel experiments, with the same processing steps and parameters, unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1
A vegetable soilless culture method comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparation of a soilless culture substrate, (2) vegetable seedling raising, (3) seedling planting and (4) seedling stage management, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of sawdust, 20 parts of rice hull, 2 parts of tea leaves, 5 parts of bean pulp, 40 parts of dried cow dung, 1 part of chitosan, 0.2 part of urea, 6 parts of medicine residues, 15 parts of furnace slag and 5 parts of bentonite, wherein the 6 parts of medicine residues comprise 2 parts of kudzu root, 2 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1 part of radix stemonae, 0.5 part of motherwort and 0.5 part of codonopsis pilosula.
The preparation method of the residue comprises cutting or slicing the Chinese medicinal materials, decocting with water for 2-3 times, filtering, drying the obtained filter cake, and pulverizing.
The preparation method of the soilless culture substrate comprises the following steps:
s11, crushing sawdust, rice hulls, tea leaves and bean pulp, mixing the crushed dregs, adding dried cow dung, chitosan and urea, and uniformly mixing; then adding water into the mixture to enable the water content to reach 55-65%;
s12, stacking the raw material mixture, sealing with a plastic film, and fermenting and decomposing;
s13, when the temperature exceeds 60 ℃, turning the pile, and controlling the water content to be 25-45% in the fermentation period; the mixture turns black and becomes lees, and the fiber is softened and degraded, thus completing the fermentation;
s14, adding the slag and the bentonite into the fermentation product, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soilless culture substrate.
The vegetable seedling raising method (2) comprises the following steps:
s21, arranging a seedling raising tray in the seedling raising shed, and adding the prepared soilless culture substrate into the seedling raising tray;
s22, soaking vegetable seeds in 0.1-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 30-60 minutes, then sowing the vegetable seeds in a culture medium in a seedling tray, irrigating the medium with water, and keeping the temperature of a seedling shed at 20-30 ℃;
s23, watering the seedling nutrient solution every two days after the seedling washes out the matrix, and watering every day to keep the soilless culture matrix moist;
s24, when 3-5 true leaves grow out of the seedling or the height of the seedling plant reaches 5-7cm, preparing for transplanting.
Example 2
A vegetable soilless culture method comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparation of a soilless culture substrate, (2) vegetable seedling raising, (3) seedling planting and (4) seedling stage management, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 33 parts of sawdust, 28 parts of rice hull, 5 parts of tea leaves, 10 parts of bean pulp, 55 parts of dried cow dung, 2 parts of chitosan, 0.8 part of urea, 12 parts of medicine residues, 23 parts of furnace slag and 10 parts of bentonite, wherein the 12 parts of medicine residues comprise 3 parts of kudzu root, 3 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 3 parts of radix stemonae, 0.5 part of motherwort and 2.5 parts of codonopsis pilosula.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3
A vegetable soilless culture method comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparation of a soilless culture substrate, (2) vegetable seedling raising, (3) seedling planting and (4) seedling stage management, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of sawdust, 25 parts of rice hull, 3 parts of tea leaves, 8 parts of bean pulp, 50 parts of dried cow dung, 2 parts of chitosan, 0.5 part of urea, 10 parts of medicine residue, 20 parts of furnace slag and 8 parts of bentonite; the 10 parts of the medicine dregs comprise 3 parts of kudzuvine root, 3 parts of astragalus, 2 parts of sessile stemona root, 0.5 part of motherwort and 1.5 parts of pilose asiabell root.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 4
A vegetable soilless culture method comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparation of a soilless culture substrate, (2) vegetable seedling raising, (3) seedling planting and (4) seedling stage management, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of sawdust, 20 parts of rice hull, 2 parts of tea leaves, 5 parts of bean pulp, 40 parts of dried cow dung, 1 part of chitosan, 0.2 part of urea, 6 parts of medicine residues, 15 parts of furnace slag and 5 parts of bentonite, wherein the 6 parts of medicine residues comprise 2 parts of kudzu root, 2 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1 part of radix stemonae, 0.8 part of motherwort and 0.2 part of codonopsis pilosula.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 5
A vegetable soilless culture method comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparation of a soilless culture substrate, (2) vegetable seedling raising, (3) seedling planting and (4) seedling stage management, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of sawdust, 20 parts of rice hull, 2 parts of tea leaves, 5 parts of bean pulp, 40 parts of dried cow dung, 1 part of chitosan, 0.2 part of urea, 6 parts of medicine residues, 15 parts of furnace slag and 5 parts of bentonite, wherein the 6 parts of medicine residues comprise 2 parts of kudzu root, 2 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1 part of radix stemonae, 0.1 part of motherwort and 0.9 part of codonopsis pilosula.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 6
The vegetable seedling raising method (2) comprises the following steps:
s21, arranging a seedling raising tray in the seedling raising shed, and adding the prepared soilless culture substrate into the seedling raising tray;
s22, soaking vegetable seeds in 0.1-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 30-60 minutes, then sowing the vegetable seeds in a culture medium in a seedling tray, irrigating the medium with water, and keeping the temperature of a seedling shed at 20-30 ℃;
s23, watering the seedling nutrient solution every two days after the seedling washes out the matrix, and watering the soilless culture matrix in a dry-wet mode, wherein the watering is generally 2-3 days;
s24, when 3-5 true leaves grow out of the seedling or the height of the seedling plant reaches 5-7cm, preparing for transplanting.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 7
The soilless culture substrate with proper water content in the vegetable seedling culture is screened by adopting the following method:
s231, taking a plurality of soilless culture substrates with different crushing degrees and preparation processes, and estimating the 1-day water content of each soilless culture substrate by adopting the following formula:
s231, taking a plurality of soilless culture substrates with different crushing degrees and preparation processes, and estimating the 1-day water content of each soilless culture substrate by adopting the following formula:
la1 and La2 are two points of a time domain reflectometer probe inserted into the surface of a soilless culture substrate when the soilless culture substrate is just watered thoroughly, Lb1 and Lb2 are two points of the time domain reflectometer probe inserted into the surface of the soilless culture substrate after the soilless culture substrate is placed in a greenhouse for 1 day, and C1 is an influence coefficient;
s232, selecting a soilless culture substrate with the water content index smaller than 1, wherein the water content index is calculated through a series of formulas:
preferably, C1 is 0.5-1.5 and C2 is 0.1-0.2.
The soilless culture substrate screened by the method has good volume water content, and can keep the moisture of soil to the maximum extent. Compared with the soilless culture substrate with the water content index of more than 1, the burn rate of the cucumbers is obviously reduced under the same watering condition by the soilless culture substrate with the water content index of less than 1. The soilless culture substrate screened by the invention can reduce watering times and watering amount, reduce the seedling burning rate and have greater economic benefit.
Comparative example 1
A vegetable soilless culture method comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparation of a soilless culture substrate, (2) vegetable seedling raising, (3) seedling planting and (4) seedling stage management, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of sawdust, 20 parts of rice hull, 2 parts of tea leaves, 5 parts of bean pulp, 40 parts of dried cow dung, 1 part of chitosan, 0.2 part of urea, 6 parts of medicine dregs, 15 parts of furnace slag and 5 parts of bentonite, wherein the 6 parts of medicine dregs comprise 2 parts of kudzu root, 2 parts of astragalus root, 1 part of radix stemonae and 1 part of clove.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Examples of the experiments
Cucumber is cultivated by adopting the cultivation methods of the examples and the comparative examples, and the seedling burning phenomenon in the vegetable seedling raising is examined in the step (2). If the leaves of the cucumber seedling turn yellow, lose water and wither, or obviously grow slowly, the burning phenomenon is determined to occur. The seedling burning rate is the percentage of the plants with seedlings burning in the total plants. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 burn rate of cucumber seedlings
| Percent burn rate/%) | |
| Example 1 | 7c |
| Example 2 | 8c |
| Example 3 | 5d |
| Example 4 | 10b |
| Example 5 | 11b |
| Example 6 | 9b |
| Comparative example 1 | 12a |
Different lower case letters, indicating significant difference (P < 0.05)
As can be seen from Table 1, the seedling burning rate was significantly lower in the cultivation methods of examples 1 to 6 than in comparative example 1, and the seedling burning rate was significantly lower in the cultivation methods of examples 4 to 5 than in examples 1 to 3, indicating the influence of the ratio of motherwort to codonopsis pilosula in the culture medium, and the influence of the water content (i.e., moisture) in the culture medium.
While the preferred embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and examples, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A vegetable soilless culture method comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparation of a soilless culture substrate, (2) vegetable seedling raising, (3) seedling planting and (4) seedling stage management, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-33 parts of sawdust, 20-28 parts of rice hull, 2-5 parts of tea leaves, 5-10 parts of bean pulp, 40-55 parts of dried cow dung, 1-2 parts of chitosan, 0.2-0.8 part of urea, 6-12 parts of medicine residues, 15-23 parts of furnace slag and 5-10 parts of bentonite, wherein the 6-12 parts of medicine residues comprise 2-3 parts of kudzu root, 2-3 parts of astragalus root, 1-3 parts of radix stemonae and 1-3 parts of a mixture of motherwort and codonopsis pilosula.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of motherwort to codonopsis pilosula in the mixture of motherwort and codonopsis pilosula is 1: (1-5).
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the soilless culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of sawdust, 25 parts of rice hull, 3 parts of tea leaves, 8 parts of bean pulp, 50 parts of dried cow dung, 2 parts of chitosan, 0.5 part of urea, 10 parts of medicine residue, 20 parts of furnace slag and 8 parts of bentonite; the 10 parts of the medicine dregs comprise 3 parts of kudzuvine root, 3 parts of astragalus, 2 parts of sessile stemona root, 0.5 part of motherwort and 1.5 parts of pilose asiabell root.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the residue is prepared by decocting the Chinese medicinal materials with water for 2 to 3 times, filtering, drying the obtained filter cake, and pulverizing.
5. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the preparation method of the soilless culture substrate comprises the following steps:
s11, crushing sawdust, rice hulls, tea leaves and bean pulp, mixing the crushed dregs, adding dried cow dung, chitosan and urea, and uniformly mixing; then adding water into the mixture to enable the water content to reach 55-65%;
s12, stacking the raw material mixture, sealing with a plastic film, and fermenting and decomposing;
s13, when the temperature exceeds 60 ℃, turning the pile, and controlling the water content to be 25-45% in the fermentation period; the mixture turns black and becomes lees, and the fiber is softened and degraded, thus completing the fermentation;
s14, adding the slag and the bentonite into the fermentation product, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soilless culture substrate.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the (2) vegetable seedling raising comprises the following steps:
s21, arranging a seedling raising tray in the seedling raising shed, and adding the prepared soilless culture substrate into the seedling raising tray;
s22, soaking vegetable seeds in 0.1-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 30-60 minutes, then sowing the vegetable seeds in a culture medium in a seedling tray, irrigating the medium with water, and keeping the temperature of a seedling shed at 20-30 ℃;
s23, watering the seedling nutrient solution every two days after the seedling washes out the matrix, and watering every day to keep the soilless culture matrix moist;
s24, when 3-5 true leaves grow out of the seedling or the height of the seedling plant reaches 5-7cm, preparing for transplanting.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the seedling nutrient solution comprises, per 1000 ml: 500mg of monopotassium phosphate 450, 200mg of calcium nitrate 150, 400mg of magnesium sulfate 300, 20-50mg of zinc nitrate, 10-30mg of sodium selenite, 60-90mg of ammonium ferric sulfate, 10-30mg of cerium nitrate, 50-100mg of naphthylacetic acid and the balance of deionized water.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the (3) seedling planting comprises the following steps:
s31, arranging a cultivation groove in a greenhouse, filling the prepared soilless culture substrate into the cultivation groove, and controlling the thickness of the culture substrate to be 20-30 cm;
and S32, transplanting the vegetable seedlings to a cultivation groove for field planting, and irrigating the matrix with water after field planting.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the (4) seedling stage management comprises applying two to three water flush fertilizers to the vegetables every week during the growth of the vegetables;
in each 1000ml of the vegetable water flush fertilizer, the contents of the components are as follows: 300mg of monopotassium phosphate, 300mg of calcium nitrate, 350 mg of magnesium sulfate, 450mg of zinc nitrate, 50-100mg of sodium selenite, 200mg of ferric citrate, 100mg of manganese sulfate, 30-80mg of cerium nitrate, 80-120mg of naphthylacetic acid and the balance of deionized water.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the (2) soilless culture substrate with appropriate moisture content for vegetable seedling culture is screened by adopting the following method:
s231, taking a plurality of soilless culture substrates with different crushing degrees and preparation processes, and estimating the 1-day water content of each soilless culture substrate by adopting the following formula:
la1 and La2 are two points of a time domain reflectometer probe inserted into the surface of a soilless culture substrate when the soilless culture substrate is just watered thoroughly, Lb1 and Lb2 are two points of the time domain reflectometer probe inserted into the surface of the soilless culture substrate after the soilless culture substrate is placed in a greenhouse for 1 day, and C1 is an influence coefficient;
s232, selecting a soilless culture substrate with the water content index smaller than 1, wherein the water content index is calculated through a series of formulas:
preferably, C1 is 0.5-1.5 and C2 is 0.1-0.2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011197691.0A CN112400681A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Soilless culture method for vegetables |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011197691.0A CN112400681A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Soilless culture method for vegetables |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112400681A true CN112400681A (en) | 2021-02-26 |
Family
ID=74827244
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011197691.0A Pending CN112400681A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Soilless culture method for vegetables |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112400681A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2623467A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2024-04-17 | Inst Soil Science Cas | Method for promoting development of rice root |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101234917A (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2008-08-06 | 曹德宾 | Pleurotus ostreatus cultivating substrate by using medicine slag and marsh slag and preparation method thereof |
| CN101419182A (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2009-04-29 | 王一鸣 | Soil moisture measurement sensor and measurement method thereof |
| CN102138499A (en) * | 2011-03-20 | 2011-08-03 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Watermelon seedling culturing substrate and application thereof |
| CN102507901A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2012-06-20 | 华南农业大学 | Soil humidity measurement device and method based on dual-sensor data fusion technique |
| CN103207188A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-07-17 | 中国农业大学 | Time domain reflection based soil water measuring method |
| CN103371085A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-30 | 李忠振 | Planting and brewing technique capable of enabling wine to contain Chinese herb ingredients and unchanging original flavor of grapes |
| CN103907520A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-07-09 | 镇江市蔬菜研究所 | Cultivating and seedling matrix based on poultry excrement, acid sludge and Chinese medicine residue and application method of cultivating and seedling matrix |
| CN106780093A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of field irrigation watermeter calculates method and apparatus |
| CN107581042A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-16 | 涿州市禄丰农业技术开发有限公司 | A kind of vegetable soilless culture method |
| CN108871996A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-11-23 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A kind of method of on-site measurement mass water content of soil and the soil weight |
| CN111000892A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-04-14 | 河南天昊鸿发生物技术有限公司 | Compound additive for improving laying rate of poultry and preparation method and application thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-10-30 CN CN202011197691.0A patent/CN112400681A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101234917A (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2008-08-06 | 曹德宾 | Pleurotus ostreatus cultivating substrate by using medicine slag and marsh slag and preparation method thereof |
| CN101419182A (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2009-04-29 | 王一鸣 | Soil moisture measurement sensor and measurement method thereof |
| CN102138499A (en) * | 2011-03-20 | 2011-08-03 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Watermelon seedling culturing substrate and application thereof |
| CN102507901A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2012-06-20 | 华南农业大学 | Soil humidity measurement device and method based on dual-sensor data fusion technique |
| CN103371085A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-30 | 李忠振 | Planting and brewing technique capable of enabling wine to contain Chinese herb ingredients and unchanging original flavor of grapes |
| CN103207188A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-07-17 | 中国农业大学 | Time domain reflection based soil water measuring method |
| CN103907520A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-07-09 | 镇江市蔬菜研究所 | Cultivating and seedling matrix based on poultry excrement, acid sludge and Chinese medicine residue and application method of cultivating and seedling matrix |
| CN106780093A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of field irrigation watermeter calculates method and apparatus |
| CN107581042A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-16 | 涿州市禄丰农业技术开发有限公司 | A kind of vegetable soilless culture method |
| CN108871996A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-11-23 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A kind of method of on-site measurement mass water content of soil and the soil weight |
| CN111000892A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-04-14 | 河南天昊鸿发生物技术有限公司 | Compound additive for improving laying rate of poultry and preparation method and application thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2623467A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2024-04-17 | Inst Soil Science Cas | Method for promoting development of rice root |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101548639B (en) | Flower cultivation medium and preparing method thereof | |
| CN108575672B (en) | Rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111165304A (en) | Planting method for prolonging growth period of Chinese herbaceous peony | |
| CN114195598A (en) | Microalgae fertilizer for improving soil fertility and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN112400681A (en) | Soilless culture method for vegetables | |
| CN114853515B (en) | Preparation method of organic nutrient soil | |
| KR20200075695A (en) | Nursing soil for ginseng in sloping raising seedling | |
| CN109997649B (en) | Rice seedling raising substrate and application thereof | |
| CN110122307B (en) | Degradable green organic environment-friendly nutrition plate with multilayer structure | |
| CN111670779A (en) | Banana tissue culture seedling improvement matrix and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN113615538A (en) | Substrate applied to Hangzhou white chrysanthemum cultivation and preparation method | |
| CN113016487A (en) | Method for culturing seedlings of castanea henryi by using light medium | |
| CN107652026B (en) | Special disease-resistant fertilizer for fingered citron and Chinese yam and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111713357A (en) | Sweet potato planting method suitable for elevation dam area in Guizhou | |
| CN112174109A (en) | Seaweed biochar as well as preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN112262713A (en) | Pepper planting method | |
| CN112500223A (en) | Biological organic-inorganic fertilizer suitable for safflower large golden elements and preparation method thereof | |
| CN114732028B (en) | Application of composition containing eucalyptus fermentation product in weed inhibition | |
| CN112166733B (en) | Planting and maintaining method for saline-alkali soil protection forest | |
| JPH0517275A (en) | Multistage fermentation method of oil cake and fermented manure | |
| Saidrasulovna et al. | TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING IN NEW TYPE INNOVATIVE GREENHOUSE OF MULBERRY AUGMENTATION FROM LEAF CUTTINGS | |
| CN114258837A (en) | Pear seedling culture substrate, preparation method thereof and pear seedling culture method | |
| CN115281045A (en) | Cultivation method for autumn sowing fruit cabbage | |
| CN113748956A (en) | Seedling raising substrate and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN117441557A (en) | Method for improving growth performance and soil improvement of facility tomatoes |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210226 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |