CN112400624A

CN112400624A - Method for cultivating ducks in field by using wild rice shoots

Info

Publication number: CN112400624A
Application number: CN202011271909.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄志勇
Original assignee: Nanchang Miaowang Industrial Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanchang Miaowang Industrial Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-13
Filing date: 2020-11-13
Publication date: 2021-02-26

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecological breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding ducks in a field planted with wild rice shoots, which comprises the following steps: 1) fertilizing in field: applying a base fertilizer and immobilized composite bacteria microspheres when the planting field is ploughed; 2) transplanting and planting: planting wild rice shoots in the planting field; 3) laying ducks in a field: introducing the ducks into a planting field planted with zizania latifolia for breeding, establishing a duck shed at one corner of the planting field, and enclosing the periphery of the planting field to prevent escape; 4) duck feeding management: the ducks are driven into the planting field for feeding in the daytime, the ducks are led to a duck shed for rest by the whistle at the evening, and the ducks are fed with the feed; 5) and (3) managing the wild rice stem field: performing field management on the wild rice stem field; 6) collecting duck and wild rice stem. The cultivation method can solve the problems of poor water quality of the water bamboo planting field, high disease death rate of ducks and poor growth performance caused by applying a large amount of fertilizer in the water bamboo planting field in the prior art.

Description

Method for cultivating ducks in field by using wild rice shoots

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecological breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding ducks in a field planted with cane shoots.

Background

Zizania latifolia is a perennial root aquatic herbaceous plant belonging to Zizania of Gramineae, the whole plant is excellent feed for ruminant, the meat tender stem can be eaten as vegetable, the meat tender stem contains protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber, vitamins and minerals, and has rich nutrition and delicious taste. Zizania latifolia can be planted in paddy field and low-lying paddy field. The water and fertilizer requirements of the water bamboos are high, water needs to be changed frequently to increase the oxygen content in water, the duck group is introduced into the water bamboos planting field, the duck group can perform deinsectization, weeding and fertilization by moving in the water bamboos planting field, the usage amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the water bamboos planting process can be reduced, the water changing period of the water bamboos is prolonged, the water bamboos can provide a good breeding environment for ducks, the disease resistance of the ducks is enhanced, and the duck meat is more delicious. The zizania latifolia is favored to be fertilized, a large amount of base fertilizer needs to be applied before the zizania latifolia is planted, although the ducks cultured in the zizania latifolia field can supplement certain duck manure as organic fertilizer, the zizania latifolia field is not fermented and decomposed, the utilization rate is not high, the yield and the quality of the zizania latifolia field are difficult to guarantee under the condition of not supplementing the fertilizer, the water quality of the zizania latifolia field is always maintained in a high ammonia nitrogen environment when the fertilizer is supplemented and applied in the later period, the duck group growth is unfavorable, the ducks are easy to be ill and die, and the growth performance is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the method for breeding the ducks in the water bamboo planting field, which can solve the problems of poor water quality of the planting field, high disease fatality rate of the ducks and poor growth performance caused by the fact that the fertilizer is required to be applied to the water bamboo planting field for multiple times in the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problem is to provide a method for cultivating ducks in a field planted with zizania latifolia, which comprises the following steps:

1) fertilizing in field: applying a base fertilizer and immobilized composite bacteria microspheres when the planting field is ploughed;

2) transplanting and planting: planting wild rice shoots in the planting field;

3) laying ducks in a field: introducing the ducks into a planting field planted with zizania latifolia for breeding, establishing a duck shed at one corner of the planting field, and enclosing the periphery of the planting field to prevent escape;

4) duck feeding management: the ducks are driven into the planting field for feeding in the daytime, the ducks are led to a duck shed for rest by the whistle at the evening, and the ducks are fed with the feed;

5) and (3) managing the wild rice stem field: performing field management on the wild rice stem field;

6) collecting duck and wild rice stem;

wherein the base fertilizer comprises, by weight, 42-55 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 7-17 parts of pericarp and straw waste, 13-21 parts of soybean meal, 3-8 parts of medical stone, 2-4 parts of peat, 3-9 parts of rock phosphate powder and 2-4 parts of carbon molecular sieve;

the preparation method of the immobilized composite bacteria microsphere comprises the following steps:

s1: adding acid with the mass concentration of 1-3% into chitosan to prepare a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 2-4%;

s2: diluting bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megatherium, lactobacillus plantarum and azotobacter vinelandii with water to obtain a composite bacterium suspension with the mass fraction of 15% -25%;

s3: adding the composite bacteria suspension into the chitosan solution and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite bacteria mixed solution;

s4: adding a glyoxal aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 15-25% into the composite bacteria mixed solution, uniformly mixing, standing for 2-4 hours, and carrying out a crosslinking reaction to obtain a gel mixture;

s5: and adding an alkaline substance into the gel-like mixture, stirring to solidify the gel-like mixture, and stirring and dispersing into granules to obtain the immobilized composite bacterial microspheres.

The duck group can be used for killing insects, weeding and fertilizing in the wild rice stem planting field, so that the use amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the wild rice stem planting process can be reduced, the oxygen content in water and soil of the wild rice stem field can be increased by using the duck group, and the growth of the wild rice stem can be promoted. The wild rice shoots can also provide a good breeding environment for the ducks, the ducks can eat insects and grass in the wild rice shoots, the use amount of feed is reduced, the disease resistance of the ducks is enhanced in a stocking environment, and the duck meat is more delicious.

In the invention, the bacillus mucilaginosus can decompose potassium and phosphorus in base fertilizers and inorganic substances contained in soil, the potassium in the thalli is dissociated after the thalli die and can be absorbed and utilized by plants, and the bacillus mucilaginosus can be used for the wild rice stem planting field to improve the content of potassium and phosphorus in the soil and achieve various effects of improving the yield and quality of the wild rice stem and the like. The bacillus megaterium is a gram-positive good-breeding bacterium, can utilize phosphorus compounds in base fertilizer and duck manure to decompose phosphorus, and also has the nitrogen fixation effect to enhance the soil fertilizer efficiency; the lactobacillus plantarum can degrade applied organic fertilizers, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in duck manure, so that the absorption of the cane shoots on base fertilizers is improved, the organic oxygen consumption is reduced, oxygen is indirectly increased, and the water quality is improved; the azotobacter vinelandii can directly take nitrate, ammonia and amino acid in base fertilizer, duck manure and the like as nitrogen sources, so that the ammonia nitrogen smell in the organic fertilizer is reduced.

The composite bacteria adopted by the invention are immobilized by chitosan, the chitosan has better adsorption performance after being immobilized by glyoxal resin, the chitosan immobilized composite bacteria are applied to a water bamboo planting field, and the composite bacteria microspheres can be adsorbed in soil of the planting field by utilizing the adsorption effect of the chitosan, so that the composite bacteria are immobilized in the soil, the loss of the composite bacteria in the soil of the planting field is reduced, and the decomposition efficiency of the composite bacteria on a base fertilizer is improved; after the compound bacteria are immobilized by chitosan, the compound bacteria can be remained in the soil of the planting field for a long time, so that duck manure movably discharged in the water bamboo field by ducks can be effectively decomposed, nutrients can be favorably absorbed by the water bamboo, and the utilization rate of the duck manure is improved.

According to a further technical scheme, the planting field in the step 1) is a paddy field which is easy to drain and irrigate and has a soil layer depth of 20-50 cm;

preferably, the base fertilizer in the step 1) is applied according to 0.8-1.2 ton/mu, and the immobilized composite bacterial microspheres are applied according to 8-10 kg/mu.

According to a further technical scheme, the base fertilizer specifically comprises, by weight, 17-21 parts of pig manure, 13-17 parts of cow manure, 12-17 parts of chicken manure, 13-21 parts of soybean meal, 3-7 parts of bagasse, 3-8 parts of medical stone, 2-4 parts of peat, 3-9 parts of rock phosphate powder, 2-5 parts of citrus peel residue, 2-5 parts of corn chips and 2-4 parts of a carbon molecular sieve;

preferably, the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: fermenting and decomposing the pig manure, the cow manure and the chicken manure, and then adding the soybean meal, the bagasse, the medical stone, the peat, the rock phosphate powder, the citrus peel residue and the corn chips and uniformly mixing to obtain the feed additive.

In the technical scheme of the invention, on one hand, the bean pulp, the bagasse, the citrus peel residues and the corn chips can provide nutrient substances such as protein, sugar and the like required by the propagation of the compound bacteria; on the other hand, the bagasse, the citrus peel residues and the corn chips have porous structures and are matched with a carbon molecular sieve with a strong adsorption function for use, and carbon molecular sieve particles can be adsorbed in the bagasse, the citrus peel residues and the corn chips with larger particle sizes through mixing, so that the carbon molecular sieve particles can be remained in soil for a longer time, the effect of adsorbing ammonia nitrogen released by fermentation of soil organic matters and inorganic matters is exerted together, and the water quality of the wild rice stem planting field is improved; the medical stone belongs to inorganic minerals, and contains a large amount of trace elements and rare earth elements required by growth of the wild rice shoots, the peat contains rich nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese and other various elements, and the rock phosphate powder belongs to an inorganic insoluble phosphate fertilizer, can slowly release nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements for the wild rice shoots to absorb after the action of compound bacteria, has the advantage of long fertilizer efficiency, and can solve the problem of yield and quality reduction of the wild rice shoots caused by no fertilizer supplement in the growth period of the wild rice shoots.

According to a further technical scheme, the acid of S1 is selected from sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or acetic acid; preferably, the acid is acetic acid.

According to a further technical scheme, the mass ratio of the Bacillus mucilaginosus, the Bacillus megaterium, the Lactobacillus plantarum and the azotobacter vinelandii S2 is (5-10): (2-4): (3-5): 2.

According to a further technical scheme, the volume ratio of the composite bacteria suspension to the chitosan solution in S3 is (2-3): 1;

and/or the volume ratio of the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution to the composite bacteria mixed solution in S4 is 1 (15-25).

According to a further technical scheme, the alkaline substance S5 is selected from sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate;

preferably, the basic substance of S5 is sodium carbonate;

preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium carbonate added in S5 to the chitosan in S1 is 1 (1.1-1.2).

According to a further technical scheme, the step 2) of selecting one-season cane shoot tillering seedlings with 3-4 new leaves from the cane shoot seedlings;

preferably, the row spacing of the wild rice shoot is 70-80cm, and the plant spacing is 50-60 cm;

preferably, the planting time of the wild rice shoots is in the middle and last ten days of April, and the air temperature reaches 15-25 ℃.

According to a further technical scheme, selecting the Jian red-feather ducks with strong disease resistance and good omnivory from the duck varieties in the step 3);

preferably, the ducklings are selected to be ducklings with the age of 20-30 days when the ducks are put into the field;

preferably, the water bamboo seedlings are selected to be transplanted and planted for 10-15 days when the ducks are put into the field, and the temperature is 15-30 ℃;

preferably, the breeding density of the ducks planted in the field is 10-20 ducks per mu.

According to a further technical scheme, the supplementary feeding method in the step 4) comprises the following steps:

during the duckling stage: feeding the ducks with the feed in five days after the ducks are placed in the field, wherein before the ducks are placed in the field in the morning, the ducks are fed with the feed of 10-20g ducklings for each duck, and at night, the ducks are fed with the feed of 20-40g ducklings for each duck;

middle duck-big duck stage: the duck is not fed with feed before being put into the field, and 30-60 g of feed for medium ducks or big ducks is fed at night.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the chitosan is used for immobilizing the composite bacteria consisting of bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megatherium, lactobacillus plantarum and azotobacter vinelandii, and on one hand, the chitosan has a good affinity and adsorption effect on soil, so that the composite bacteria can be fixedly adsorbed in the soil of the water bamboo planting field, and the loss of the composite bacteria in the soil of the planting field is reduced, thereby continuously playing a role in promoting the decomposition and release of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in base fertilizer and duck manure in the water bamboo planting field, promoting the growth of the water bamboo, and improving the yield and quality of the water bamboo; on the other hand, after the compound bacteria are fixed, the compound bacteria can continuously play a role in degrading organic matters in pig manure and duck manure in soil, the carbon molecular sieve, peat and corn chips added in the base fertilizer can adsorb ammonia nitrogen released by fermentation of the compound bacteria, the water quality of the water bamboo planting field is improved, the living environment of duck flocks is improved, the survival rate and the growth performance are improved, the compound bacteria can maintain the degradation effect on fresh duck manure, rock phosphate powder, peat and medical stone for a long time after being fixed, and the problem of yield and quality reduction of the water bamboo caused by the fact that the fertilizer is not supplemented in the growing period of the water bamboo can be solved.

Detailed Description

The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The raw materials in the following examples are all commercially available products and are commercially available, unless otherwise specified. The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples:

example 1

1) Fertilizing in field: selecting a paddy field which is easy to drain and irrigate and has a soil layer depth of 20-50cm as a planting field, applying base fertilizer and immobilized composite bacteria microspheres when turning the water bamboo planting field, applying the base fertilizer according to 1 ton/mu and applying the immobilized composite bacteria microspheres according to 10 kg/mu during turning, uniformly raking, and irrigating 2-4cm shallow water for leveling;

2) transplanting and planting: selecting tillering seedlings of the first-season wild rice shoots with 3-4 new leaves as wild rice shoots seedlings, transplanting the wild rice shoots in the middle and last ten days of 4 months at the air temperature of more than 15 ℃, wherein the planting density is 70-80cm in row spacing and 50-60cm in hole spacing, and a thin water layer of 2-4cm is ensured in a planting field during transplanting;

3) laying ducks in a field: selecting Jian red-feather ducks with strong disease resistance and good omnivory, feeding the Jian red-feather ducks to the age of 20-30 days, setting roots after transplanting of wild rice shoots for 10-15 days, enabling the ducks to be placed in the field, selecting the morning on a sunny day with the temperature of more than 15 ℃ as far as possible when the wild rice shoots are placed in the field, ensuring the water depth of the wild rice shoots planting field to be more than 5cm when the wild rice shoots are placed in the field, placing 15 ducks in each mu of the planting field, establishing a duck shed at one corner of the planting field according to the standard of 10 ducks per square, and enclosing the periphery of the planting field to prevent the ducks from;

4) duck feeding management: the duck is driven into the planting field in the daytime for feeding, the duck is led to a duck shed for rest by utilizing whistle at evening, and the duck is fed by supplementing feed, wherein the supplementing feeding method comprises the following steps:

during the duckling stage: feeding the ducks with the feed in five days after the ducks are placed in the field, feeding the ducks with the feed of 10-20g ducklings for each duck before the ducks are placed in the field in the morning, and feeding the ducks with the feed of 20-40g ducklings for each duck at night, wherein the duck is full;

middle duck-big duck stage: the duck is not fed with feed before being put into the field, and 30-60 g of feed for medium ducks or big ducks is fed at night according to the fact that the ducks are full.

5) And (3) managing the wild rice stem field: from the sprouting of the water bamboos to the pregnancy of the water bamboos, the water level is gradually deepened, generally from 5cm to 25cm, so that the pregnancy of the water bamboos is promoted to be tender;

6) collecting duck and wild rice stem; the wild rice shoots can be harvested after being exposed, ducks can be placed in the wild rice shoots harvesting stage, and the ducks are harvested before entering the field, so that duck groups are prevented from being disturbed.

The preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 19 parts of pig manure, 15 parts of cow manure and 15 parts of chicken manure uniformly, carrying out composting fermentation and decomposition, adding 18 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of bagasse, 5 parts of medical stone, 3 parts of peat, 6 parts of rock phosphate powder, 3 parts of citrus peel residues, 4 parts of corn chips and 3 parts of carbon molecular sieves after decomposition, and uniformly mixing.

s1: adding acetic acid with the mass concentration of 2% into chitosan to prepare a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 3%;

s2: mixing bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megatherium, lactobacillus plantarum and azotobacter vinelandii according to the mass ratio of 8:3:4:2, and diluting with water to obtain a composite bacterium suspension with the mass fraction of 20%;

s3: adding the composite bacteria suspension into a chitosan solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite bacteria mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of the composite bacteria suspension to the chitosan solution is 2.5: 1;

s4: adding a glyoxal aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 20% into the composite bacteria mixed solution, uniformly mixing, standing for 3 hours for reaction according to the volume ratio of 1:20, and obtaining a gel mixture after the reaction is finished;

s5: and adding sodium carbonate into the obtained gelatinous mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the added sodium carbonate to the chitosan in S1 is 1:1.1, stirring to solidify the gelatinous mixture, and dispersing into particles to obtain the immobilized composite bacteria microspheres.

Example 2

The preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 17 parts of pig manure, 17 parts of cow manure and 12 parts of chicken manure uniformly, carrying out composting fermentation and decomposition, adding 18 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of bagasse, 5 parts of medical stone, 3 parts of peat, 7 parts of rock phosphate powder, 2 parts of citrus peel residues, 2 parts of corn chips and 3 parts of carbon molecular sieves after decomposition, and uniformly mixing.

s2: mixing bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megatherium, lactobacillus plantarum and azotobacter vinelandii according to the mass ratio of 10:2:3:2, and diluting with water to obtain a composite bacteria suspension with the mass fraction of 20%;

Example 3

s2: mixing bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megaterium, lactobacillus plantarum and azotobacter vinelandii according to the mass ratio of 5:4:5:2, and diluting with water to obtain a composite bacterium suspension with the mass fraction of 20%;

s5: and adding sodium carbonate into the obtained gelatinous mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the added sodium carbonate to the chitosan in S1 is 1:1.2, stirring to solidify the gelatinous mixture, and dispersing into particles to obtain the immobilized composite bacteria microspheres.

Comparative example 1

The difference from the example 1 lies in that the base fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer fermented and rotten by the livestock manure according to 1 ton/mu, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied according to 10 kg/mu, and the immobilized compound bacteria microspheres are not applied, and the other methods are the same as the example 1.

Comparative example 2

The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the composite bacteria are not immobilized by chitosan, and are mixed uniformly and diluted by adding water and then directly applied to the wild rice stem planting field.

The survival rate and growth performance data of the ducks obtained by the method for breeding ducks in the wild rice shoot planting field provided by the invention are compared with those obtained by the method for breeding ducks in the wild rice shoot planting field in the comparative examples 1-2 through tests, and the results are shown in the following table 1:

survival rate: counting the total number of the ducks surviving 4 weeks and 17 weeks after the ducks are planted in the field, and calculating the survival rate by using the two survival data and the number of the ducks planted in the field;

average duck weight: after the ducks are fed in the field for 17 weeks, randomly selecting 10 ducks in each test group, weighing the ducks and calculating the average weight;

table 1: comparison result of duck survival rate and duck growth performance

As can be seen from Table 1, comparing comparative examples 1 and 2, it was found that the survival rate of the duck of comparative example 2 was higher after being planted in the field for four weeks than that of comparative example 1, and the difference in survival rate was reduced after being planted in the field for 17 weeks. Compared with the comparative examples 1-2, the duck breeding method in the cane shoot planting field provided by the invention can obviously improve the survival rate and growth performance of the duck.

The weight, quality and yield of the zizania latifolia obtained in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 2 were counted, and the results are shown in table 2:

table 2: appearance, weight, yield and output value of wild rice shoots

Remarking: in the calculation of the yield value, the price of the tender water bamboo is 5 yuan/kg; the color of the wild rice stem is 4 yuan/kg.

As can be seen from table 2, the comparative examples 1 to 2 compare with each other, and as a result, although the compound bacteria are added in the base fertilizer in the comparative example 2, the fertilizer efficiency of the soil is not obviously improved due to the fact that the compound bacteria are not immobilized, and the base fertilizer contains a large amount of substances which cannot be directly utilized by zizania latifolia, the compound bacteria which are not immobilized are easily lost, so that the proportion of the actual available fertilizer in the base fertilizer is reduced, and the final output value of the comparative example 2 is lower than that of the comparative example 1. Compared with the comparative examples 1-2, the zizania latifolia obtained by the method in the examples 1-3 has the advantages that the proportion of high-quality zizania latifolia is obviously improved in appearance, the average weight and yield of the zizania latifolia are also obviously improved, and the income per mu of the zizania latifolia is improved by 2396.65 yuan compared with the yield per mu of the comparative example 1 by taking the example 1 as an example.

Finally, it should be emphasized that the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention are merely examples of implementations, rather than limitations, and that many variations and modifications of the invention are possible to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating ducks in a field by using wild rice shoots is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2) transplanting and planting: planting wild rice shoots in the planting field;

6) collecting duck and wild rice stem;

2. The method for cultivating ducks in the field planted with zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field planted in step 1) is a paddy field which is easy to drain and irrigate and has a soil depth of 20-50 cm;

3. The method for planting the duck in the field by using the zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer specifically comprises, by weight, 17-21 parts of pig manure, 13-17 parts of cow manure, 12-17 parts of chicken manure, 13-21 parts of soybean meal, 3-7 parts of bagasse, 3-8 parts of medical stone, 2-4 parts of peat, 3-9 parts of rock phosphate powder, 2-5 parts of citrus peel residue, 2-5 parts of corn chips and 2-4 parts of a carbon molecular sieve;

preferably, the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: fermenting and decomposing the pig manure, the cow manure and the chicken manure, and then adding the soybean meal, the bagasse, the medical stone, the peat, the rock phosphate powder, the citrus peel residue, the corn chips and the carbon molecular sieve to be uniformly mixed to obtain the feed additive.

4. The method for cultivating duck in field with zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid S1 is selected from sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or acetic acid; preferably, the acid is acetic acid.

5. The method for cultivating duck in field with zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the Bacillus mucilaginosus, the Bacillus megaterium, the Lactobacillus plantarum and the azotobacter vinelandii S2 is (5-10): (2-4): (3-5): 2.

6. The method for planting field ducks by using zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the composite bacteria suspension to the chitosan solution in S3 is (2-3): 1;

7. The method for cultivating duck in field with zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkaline substance S5 is selected from sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate;

preferably, the basic substance of S5 is sodium carbonate;

8. The method for cultivating ducks in the field by using the zizania latifolia as the raw material in claim 1, wherein the step 2) comprises the steps of selecting one-season zizania latifolia tillering seedlings with 3-4 new leaves;

9. The method for cultivating ducks in the field by using zizania latifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the duck variety in the step 3) is Jian red-feather duck with strong disease resistance and good omnivory;

10. The method for raising ducks in the field planted with zizania latifolia according to claim 1, wherein the supplementary feeding method in the step 4) comprises the following steps: