CN112390461A - Efficient percolation treatment system and process for rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution - Google Patents
Efficient percolation treatment system and process for rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency percolation treatment system and a process for surface source pollution of rare earth mine tail water, aiming at solving the problem that the prior nitrification and denitrification treatment process has higher requirements on operation temperature, carbon source demand, oxygen supply and the like, and greatly limiting the treatment of the rare earth mine tail water. The system comprises a watershed regulating and storing unit, a pretreatment unit, a percolation biochemical treatment unit, a reflux unit and an auxiliary unit; the process is divided into the operation modes of treating the environment in normal water seasons, in a rich water period and in a low-temperature dry water period according to the conditions. The system and the process thereof can ensure the stable operation of the non-point source pollution rare earth mine tail water treatment system and the process thereof under various conditions through the perfect unit design, especially ensure the stable operation of the nitrification and denitrification infiltration pond in the core infiltration biochemical treatment unit of the system, and further reduce the maintenance labor intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-carbon source, high-ammonia nitrogen and high-total nitrogen sewage treatment, in particular to a rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution efficient percolation treatment system and a process thereof.
Background
Rare earth resources are one of important mineral resources in China, the rare earth resources in China are very rich, and the industrial reserves occupy the first place in the world. In addition to the bayan obo rare earth symbiotic ore and the Gannan ion adsorption type ore in the inner Mongolia autonomous region, monazite, xenotime, Shandong, Hunan, Taiwan and other provinces, monazite, xenotime, limonite, bastnaesite and the like.
Rare earth metals have extremely important applications and are important components of modern high-tech new materials. A series of compound semiconductors composed of rare earth metals and nonferrous metals, electro-optical materials, special alloys, novel functional materials, organic metal compounds, etc. all require the use of rare earth metals with unique properties. The dosage is not large, but is vital and cannot be used. Therefore, the material is widely used in modern communication technology, electronic computers, space navigation development, medicine and health, photosensitive materials, photoelectric materials, energy materials, catalyst materials and the like. China has abundant rare earth metal mineral products, and provides better resource conditions for developing rare earth metal industry.
At present, aiming at the exploitation of rare earth resources, due to the difference of rare earth types, the exploitation method has great difference, and bastnaesite, which is associated ore, is typically adopted in the north of China and can be directly dug and subjected to ore dressing. The ion type rare earth ore typically exists in a mud layer in an ion state in the south of China, and the mining generally comprises the steps of soaking soil by utilizing ammonium sulfate, replacing the ion state rare earth element into a solution, and precipitating by utilizing oxalic acid or ammonium bicarbonate to obtain rare earth concentrate with the grade of more than 92%; the mining method comprises heap leaching, pond leaching and in-situ leaching, wherein the former two methods are forbidden at present, while the in-situ leaching method can form considerable rare earth tail water in the specific production process, and has the characteristics of high ammonia nitrogen, low COD, high salinity, high turbidity, large change of water quality and water quantity and the like, and if the ore is not treated properly, the water circulation of the natural environment is greatly influenced.
The rare earth mine tail water is mineral leaching liquid ((NH) used in the process of mining rare earth4)2SO4Solution) can not be completely collected in the ore body, and then the natural water body of the rare earth ore area forms special sewage with non-point source pollution through precipitation or continuous seepage of underground water from the ore body, the non-point source pollution rare earth tail water is influenced by factors such as mining age limit, mining degree and climate of the ore area, the property difference of the different non-point source pollution rare earth tail water is large, and the main characteristics of the solution comprise:
1. the main pollution factors are ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, the concentration range of the ammonia nitrogen is mainly between 30 and 300mg/L, and the concentration range of the nitrate nitrogen is mainly between 20 and 80 mg/L;
2. the content of organic matter is small, the COD concentration range is mainly between 10 and 20mg/L, BOD5The concentration range is mainly 3-8mg/L, and the biochemical fertilizer is basically free from biodegradability and lacks the nutrient phosphorus required by biochemistry;
3. the rainfall is large, the fluctuation is large under the influence of seasonal climate, the rainfall is mainly influenced, the rainfall is more and more in spring and summer, and the rainfall is less and less in autumn and winter;
4. the water quality fluctuation is large, and the concentration of pollutants is different by 1-3 times in the rich water period and the dry water period;
5. due to the damage influence of the surface planting of the mining area, the content of silt in the rare earth tail water is large in the period of heavy rainfall;
6. the water temperature of the rare earth tail water is greatly influenced by seasons, the water temperature is as low as about 8-10 ℃ in winter, and the water temperature is about 24-28 ℃ in summer.
Nowadays, the biochemical treatment is the most economic mode aiming at main pollutants of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in rare earth tail water, and the main principle is to perform nitrification and denitrification, shortcut nitrification and denitrification or anaerobic ammonia oxidation, wherein the shortcut nitrification and denitrification is strict in technological parameter control, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation is strict in technological parameter control due to high requirement on water temperature, and therefore the nitrification and denitrification are difficult to be practically applied to the treatment of non-point source polluted rare earth tail water at present, so that the nitrification and denitrification are the main biochemical treatment processes of the treatment of the rare earth tail water at present, such as the nitrification and denitrification biochemical process of an activated sludge method and the nitrification and denitrification process of a contact oxidation method are applied to the actual treatment project of the rare earth tail water.
Nitrification is to convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen by nitrifying bacteria, and the main biochemical reaction conditions are water temperature, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity; denitrification refers to the process that denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen, and the main biochemical reaction conditions are water temperature and carbon source; on the whole, the high requirements on the operation temperature, the carbon source demand, the oxygen supply and the like are required in the nitrification and denitrification treatment processes, so that the large-area use of the nitrification and denitrification for the rare earth tail water treatment is greatly limited. Therefore, at the present time when the environmental protection requirement is increasingly strict, breakthrough development of a non-point source pollution rare earth tail water treatment system and a process thereof which can operate at a lower temperature and have less carbon source demand and low oxygen supply cost is urgently needed to solve the problems in the current rare earth tail water treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-efficiency percolation treatment system and a process for the surface source pollution of rare earth mine tail water, and the system and the process aim to solve the problem that the prior nitrification and denitrification treatment process has higher requirements on operation temperature, carbon source demand, oxygen supply and the like, and greatly limit the treatment of the rare earth mine tail water; the system and the process thereof can ensure the stable operation of the non-point source pollution rare earth mine tail water treatment system and the process thereof under various conditions through the perfect unit design, especially ensure the stable operation of the nitrification and denitrification infiltration pond in the core infiltration biochemical treatment unit of the system, and further reduce the maintenance labor intensity.
(2) Technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution high-efficiency percolation treatment system which comprises a watershed regulation and storage unit, a pretreatment unit, a percolation biochemical treatment unit, a backflow unit and an auxiliary unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the watershed regulating and storing unit comprises a regulating and storing tank and a sand dam, the regulating and storing tank and the sand dam are built according to the watershed terrain, the regulating and storing tank and the sand dam respectively perform water quantity regulation and sand setting on the surface source polluted rare earth tail water, reduce the sand content in the rare earth tail water and perform water quantity regulation in the rich water period;
the pretreatment unit comprises a grating channel for removing floating substances in the rare earth tail water, a precipitation reaction tank for adjusting the pH value of the rare earth tail water and forming larger floccules, a sedimentation tank for separating the floccules formed in the reaction tank from water and sludge, and a cloth filter for further removing suspended substances in the effluent of the sedimentation tank; the grid ditch is mainly provided with grids for removing floating objects, such as branches, fallen leaves and the like, in the rare earth tail water; the reaction tank is mainly used for fully reacting the added flocculating agent and coagulant aid with the rare earth tail water, adjusting the pH value of the rare earth tail water and forming larger floccule precipitate so as to be beneficial to subsequent precipitation; the sedimentation tank is mainly used for carrying out mud-water separation on floccules formed in the reaction tank in a static mode; the cloth filter mainly further removes suspended matters in the effluent of the sedimentation tank;
the percolation biochemical treatment unit comprises a nitrification regulating tank, a nitrification percolation tank, a denitrification regulating tank and a denitrification percolation tank; the nitrification regulating tank is used for storing the incoming water of the pretreatment unit, regulating the water quantity and the water quality of the nitrification regulating tank, placing a water inlet lifting pump of the nitrification percolation tank, and intermittently, regularly and quantitatively conveying the rare earth tail water to the nitrification percolation tank through the lifting pump; the nitrification and percolation tank is provided with a water distribution system, an air supply system and a drainage system, the rare earth tail water uniformly enters the percolation tank through the water distribution system and passes through a filter material layer from top to bottom, ammonia nitrogen is intercepted and adsorbed by a biological membrane on the filter material and then undergoes nitrification reaction, oxygen is derived from dissolved oxygen brought by the rare earth tail water, oxygen brought into air in the percolation process and oxygen intermittently provided by an air blower through a low-pressure and medium-pressure air supply system, the main source of alkalinity and the rare earth tail water are added with alkalinity and alkaline gravels in the nitrification and percolation tank, and the process conditions required by the nitrification reaction are fully ensured; the denitrification adjusting tank is used for storing the effluent of the nitrification percolation tank, adding part of carbon source required by denitrification, placing a water inlet lifting pump of the denitrification percolation tank, and conveying the rare earth tail water to the denitrification percolation tank intermittently, regularly and quantitatively through the lifting pump; the denitrification percolation pool is provided with a water distribution system and a drainage system, the rare earth tail water after nitration enters the percolation pool through the water distribution system uniformly and passes through a filter material layer from top to bottom, nitrate nitrogen is adsorbed by a biological membrane on the filter material and then undergoes denitrification reaction, and the required carbon source mainly comes from a carbon source added by a denitrification regulating pool and a slow-release carbon source in the denitrification percolation pool;
the reflux unit is a reflux tank, and the effluent of the denitrification percolation tank is refluxed to the nitrification regulating tank through a reflux pump, so that the alkalinity of the system is recovered, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the influent is reduced, and the retreatment effect is realized under the condition of low water temperature;
the auxiliary unit comprises an alkali adding system, a carbon source adding system, a temperature and gas adjusting system, a sludge treatment system and an electric automatic control system; the alkali adding system is used for adding alkali into the reaction tank to form flocculent suspended matters so as to be convenient for carrying out mud-water separation in the sedimentation tank, and simultaneously adjusting the pH value of tail water and supplementing the alkalinity required by nitrification; the sludge treatment system is used for treating sludge generated by backwashing of the sedimentation tank and the cloth filter; the temperature-adjusting air supply system is used for providing oxygen for the nitrification percolation tank; the carbon source adding system is used for providing a carbon source for the denitrification infiltration tank; the electric automatic control system is used for providing power for the whole processing system and realizing full-automatic operation of the system.
Preferably, the residence time of the regulating reservoir in the watershed regulating unit is more than 72 hours.
Preferably, the sedimentation tank in the pretreatment unit is a horizontal flow type or radial flow type sedimentation tank, and the residence time of the sedimentation tank is 4 hours.
Preferably, the residence time of the reflux pool in the reflux unit is 2 hours.
The invention also provides a high-efficiency percolation treatment process for the rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution, which comprises the following specific steps:
when the environment is in normal water season, the operation mode is as follows: the stable operation of the basin regulation and storage unit and the pretreatment unit is ensured, under the conditions of normal water inlet amount, inlet ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen concentration, the nitrification and denitrification percolation tank and the denitrification percolation tank adopt a layer of water distribution system for water distribution, and a reflux unit is started, wherein the reflux ratio is 50-100%;
when the environment is in a rich water period, the operation mode is as follows: in the water-rich period, the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen in inlet water is 60-80% under the condition of normal water seasons, in order to ensure the total removal amount of the total ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen in the drainage basin, the inlet water amount in the water-rich period is controlled to be 1.2-1.6 times under the condition of normal water seasons, the operation management of a drainage basin regulation and storage unit is enhanced, a deposition part and a spare part of a cloth filter of a pretreatment unit are started, a reflux unit is stopped to operate, a two-layer water distribution system and a three-layer water distribution system of a denitrification infiltration filter are started, and the treatment water amount of a treatment system is increased;
when the environment is in a low-temperature period of dry water, the operation mode is as follows: in a low-temperature period of dry water, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in inlet water is 1.5-2.5 times of that in normal water seasons, the water amount is 30-50% of that in normal water seasons, the maximum treatment capacity of the treatment system is exerted, the stable operation of a basin regulation and storage unit is ensured, the number of sediments of a pretreatment unit and the operation number of the cloth filter are reduced, the return water amount of a return unit is increased, the return ratio is 150-200%, a heating device of an air supply system of the nitrification percolation tank is started, the reduction of biochemical treatment efficiency caused by the reduction of water temperature due to the fact that the air supply temperature is too low is reduced, and a two-layer water distribution system and a three-layer water distribution system of the denitrification.
The technical scheme of the invention is developed and developed aiming at the characteristics of high ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content, low organic matter content, large fluctuation of water quantity and pollutant concentration, low water temperature in winter and large sediment content in rainstorm of the surface source polluted rare earth mine tail water.
The technical scheme of the invention can ensure the stable operation of the surface source polluted rare earth mine tail water treatment system and the process thereof, especially ensure the stable operation of the nitrification and denitrification infiltration pond in the core infiltration biochemical treatment unit of the system and further reduce the maintenance labor intensity through the perfect unit design; meanwhile, the operation requirements of normal water season, rich water period and low temperature period of low temperature water are fully considered from the initial operation, and the stable operation of the system in the normal water season, rich water period and low temperature period of low temperature water is ensured through a flexible and controllable operation mode.
(3) Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
on one hand, the system has perfect unit design, fully considers the characteristic that the source pollutes the rare earth mine tail water in a natural state, provides various operation modes and has strong adaptability; meanwhile, a multi-stage nitrification percolation tank and a denitrification percolation tank can be arranged according to the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen and the nitrate nitrogen in the inlet water, so that the effect of the whole treatment system and the treatment process is ensured.
On the other hand, in the nitrification and percolation tank, ammonia nitrogen is intercepted and adsorbed on a biological membrane of a filter material during the process of percolating the rare earth tail water from top to bottom, so that the nitrification and percolation tank has a good enrichment effect on the ammonia nitrogen, and then the ammonia nitrogen is removed through nitrification reaction; the oxygen source in the nitration reaction process comprises dissolved oxygen brought by the oxygen source, oxygen brought into air in the percolation process and oxygen intermittently supplied by a blower through an air supply system, and the blower supplies oxygen in the percolation and drying process, and the required air pressure does not exceed 9800Pa, so the oxygen supply cost of the nitration reaction is far lower than that of the conventional treatment process adopting deep water aeration.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only one embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention operating mode when the environment is in normal water seasons.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the mode of operation of an embodiment of the present invention when the environment is in a flood period.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention operating mode when the environment is in a low temperature period of dry water.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a nitrification percolating tank in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a denitrification infiltration tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The labels in the figures are: 1-nitrification percolation filter wall, 2-geomembrane I, 3-geotextile I, 4-geotextile II, 5-nitrification composite biological filter material, 6-nitrification influent manual butterfly valve, 7-nitrification influent electric butterfly valve, 8-nitrification influent water distribution system, 9-nitrification effluent water collection system, 10-nitrification effluent electric butterfly valve, 11-low pressure nitrification air supply heating device, 12-nitrification one-layer air supply manual butterfly valve, 13-nitrification one-layer air supply electric butterfly valve, 14-nitrification one-layer air supply system, 15-medium pressure nitrification air supply heating device, 16-nitrification two-layer air supply manual butterfly valve, 17-nitrification two-layer air supply electric butterfly valve, 18-nitrification two-layer air supply system, 19-nitrification three-layer air supply manual butterfly valve, 20-three-layer nitrification electric butterfly valve, 21-nitrification three-layer air supply system, 22-denitrification percolation pool wall, 23-geomembrane two, 24-geotextile three, 25-geotextile four, 26-denitrification composite biological filter material, 27-denitrification one-layer water inlet manual butterfly valve, 28-denitrification one-layer water inlet electric butterfly valve, 29-denitrification one-layer water inlet distribution system, 30-denitrification two-layer water inlet manual butterfly valve, 31-denitrification two-layer water inlet electric butterfly valve, 32-denitrification two-layer water inlet distribution system, 33-denitrification three-layer water inlet manual butterfly valve, 34-denitrification three-layer water inlet electric butterfly valve, 35-denitrification three-layer water inlet distribution system, 36-denitrification water outlet collection system and 37-denitrification water outlet electric butterfly valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the original characteristics, the achieved purposes and the effects of the invention easily understood and obvious, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below to further illustrate the invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all the embodiments.
The specific embodiment is a rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution efficient percolation treatment system which comprises a watershed regulation and storage unit, a pretreatment unit, a percolation biochemical treatment unit, a backflow unit and an auxiliary unit.
The watershed regulating and storing unit comprises a regulating and storing tank and a sand blocking dam, wherein the regulating and storing tank is a reservoir or a sediment sand pond in the watershed generally, and the residence time of the regulating and storing tank is optimally more than 72 hours and not less than 12 hours.
The pretreatment unit comprises a grating channel, a reaction tank, a sedimentation tank and a cloth filter, wherein the grating channel is provided with gratings, is thick and thin, and adopts manual grating to remove slag manually or mechanical grating to remove slag automatically; the reaction tank is divided into a fast mixing tank and a flocculation tank, and stirrers with different rotating speeds and different forms are respectively arranged; the sedimentation tank is an advection type or radial flow type sedimentation tank and comprises a water inlet device, a water outlet device and a sludge discharge device; the cloth filter comprises reaction, filtration, sludge discharge and backwashing devices. The optimal residence time of the quick mixing tank is 1 minute and is not less than 30 seconds; the optimal retention time of the flocculation tank is 30 minutes and is not less than 22 minutes; the residence time in the sedimentation tank is optimally 4 hours, not less than 2.5 hours.
The percolation biochemical treatment unit comprises a nitrification regulating tank, a nitrification percolation tank, a denitrification regulating tank and a denitrification percolation tank, wherein the tail water of the rare earth mining area in the nitrification regulating tank and the denitrification percolation tank is lifted to the nitrification percolation tank and the denitrification percolation tank for uniform water distribution by a lifting pump in an intermittent, timed and quantitative or continuous mode, and a carbon source adding system adds a carbon source required by denitrification to the denitrification regulating tank and enters the denitrification percolation tank together.
The nitrification percolation tank mainly comprises a nitrification water inlet distribution system 8, a nitrification composite biological filter material 5, a nitrification water outlet water collection system 9, a nitrification one-layer air supply system 14, a nitrification two-layer air supply system 18 and a nitrification three-layer air supply system 21; the rare earth mining area tail water lifted from the nitrification regulating reservoir lifting pump is uniformly distributed on the surface of the nitrification percolation pool through a nitrification influent water distribution system 8 intermittently, regularly and quantitatively by manually regulating the flow of the nitrification influent manual butterfly valve 6 and automatically opening and closing the nitrification influent electric butterfly valve 7, and suspended matters in the water are further removed through a geotextile II 4 laid on the surface; the uniformly distributed rare earth mining area tail water slowly passes through the nitrifying composite biological filter material 5 from top to bottom, ammonia nitrogen is firstly intercepted and adsorbed by the nitrifying composite biological filter material 5, and the ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrate nitrogen through nitrification reaction by a large amount of nitrifying bacteria attached to the nitrifying composite biological filter material 5, so that the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen is reduced; oxygen required by the upper layer nitration reaction is manually adjusted in air flow by a low-pressure fan through a nitration first-layer air supply manual butterfly valve 12 and automatically opened and closed through a nitration first-layer air supply electric butterfly valve 13, and is intermittently, regularly and quantitatively supplied through a nitration first-layer air supply system 14; oxygen required by the middle-layer nitration reaction is manually adjusted in air flow by a medium pressure fan through a manual nitration second-layer air supply butterfly valve 16 and automatically opened and closed through an electric nitration second-layer air supply butterfly valve 17, and is intermittently, regularly and quantitatively supplied through a nitration second-layer air supply system 18; oxygen required by the lower layer nitration reaction is manually adjusted in air flow by a medium pressure fan through a nitration three-layer air supply manual butterfly valve 19 and automatically opened and closed through a nitration three-layer air supply electric butterfly valve 20, and is intermittently, regularly and quantitatively provided through a nitration one-layer air supply system 21; the low-pressure nitrification air supply heating device 11 and the medium-pressure nitrification air supply heating device 15 are started at a low temperature to heat air provided by the low-pressure and medium-pressure fans, so that the treatment efficiency of the system is ensured; the rare earth mine area tail water permeating through the nitrifying composite biological filter material 5 from top to bottom is discharged to the denitrifying percolation pool in a timed and quantitative manner through the intermittent opening and closing of a nitrifying water outlet electric butterfly valve 10 by a nitrifying water outlet water collecting system 9 arranged at the bottom of the nitrifying percolation pool.
The nitrified composite biological filter material is composed of fine sand, medium sand, coarse sand, volcanic rock, alkaline gravel, neutral gravel, zeolite and cobblestone with different grades according to different proportions and layers, has the characteristics of large surface area attached by a biological membrane and large containable biomass, and can reduce the addition amount of a carbon source required for maintaining activated sludge zoogloea in an activated sludge process and reduce the treatment cost; the alkaline macadam in different filter material layer ratios can provide alkalinity for nitrobacteria in different filter layers in time, so that the requirement of nitration reaction is met, and the treatment efficiency of the nitrification percolation tank is improved; according to different inlet water quality and outlet waterThe quality requirement is that the filler load of the nitrified composite biological filter material is 60-150gNH4 +-N/m3D.
The denitrification percolation pool mainly comprises a denitrification one-layer inlet water distribution system 29, a denitrification two-layer inlet water distribution system 32, a denitrification three-layer inlet water distribution system 35, a denitrification composite biological filter material 26 and a denitrification outlet water collection system 36; the rare earth mining area tail water which is lifted from a denitrification adjusting tank lifting pump and passes through nitrification and denitrification carbon source supplement passes through the manual flow adjustment of a denitrification layer water inlet manual butterfly valve 27 and the automatic opening and closing of a denitrification layer water inlet electric butterfly valve 28, is intermittently, regularly and quantitatively distributed on the surface of a denitrification percolation tank through a denitrification layer water inlet distribution system 29 uniformly, and further removes suspended matters in the water through geotextile four 25 laid on the surface; if necessary, the rare earth mine area tail water which is lifted from the denitrification adjusting tank lift pump and passes through the nitrification and the denitrification carbon source supplement passes through the manual flow adjustment of the denitrification two-layer water inlet manual butterfly valve 30 and the automatic opening and closing of the denitrification two-layer water inlet electric butterfly valve 31, and is distributed on the upper layer in the denitrification percolation tank through the denitrification two-layer water inlet and distribution system 32 intermittently, regularly and quantitatively; if necessary, rare earth mine area tail water which is subjected to nitrification and denitrification carbon source supplementation is lifted by a lifting pump of the denitrification adjusting tank, the flow is manually adjusted by a denitrification three-layer water inlet manual butterfly valve 33, and the denitrification three-layer water inlet electric butterfly valve 34 is automatically opened and closed, and the tail water is intermittently, regularly and quantitatively uniformly distributed in the middle layer in the denitrification infiltration tank by a denitrification three-layer water inlet and distribution system 35; the nitrate nitrogen is firstly intercepted and adsorbed by the denitrification composite biological filter material 26, and the nitrate nitrogen is converted into nitrogen through denitrification reaction by a large amount of denitrification bacteria attached to the denitrification composite biological filter material 26, so that the total nitrogen concentration is reduced; the rare earth mine area tail water permeating through the denitrification composite biological filter material 26 from top to bottom is discharged in a timed and quantitative manner through the intermittent opening and closing of a denitrification water outlet electric butterfly valve 37 by a denitrification water outlet water collecting system 36 arranged at the bottom of the denitrification infiltration tank.
The denitrification composite biological filter material is prepared from fine sand, medium sand, coarse sand, volcanic rock, slow-release carbon source and neutral crushed stone with different gradesThe cobblestones are formed in different proportions and layers, so that the cobblestones have the characteristics of large surface area attached to a biological membrane and large biomass capable of being accommodated, and meanwhile, the carbon source adding amount required for maintaining activated sludge zoogloea in an activated sludge method can be reduced, and the treatment cost is reduced; the slow-release carbon source in different filter material layer ratios can provide carbon source for the denitrifying bacteria in different filter layers, so as to meet the requirement of denitrification reaction; according to different water quality of inlet water and water quality of outlet water, the filler load of the denitrification composite biological filter material is 30-80gNO3 --N/m3D.
The residence time of the nitrification regulating tank and the denitrification regulating tank is optimally 3 hours and not less than 1.5 hours.
The reflux unit comprises a storage tank and a reflux pump, and the optimal residence time is 2 hours and not less than 1 hour.
The auxiliary unit comprises an alkali adding system, a sludge treatment system, a temperature and gas regulating system, a carbon source adding system and an electric automatic control system; the alkali adding system mainly comprises a dispensing pool, a medicine storage pool and a medicine adding pump, alkali is added into the reaction pool to form flocculent suspended matters so as to be convenient for carrying out mud-water separation in the sedimentation tank, and simultaneously, the pH value of tail water is adjusted and the alkalinity required by nitrification is supplemented; the sludge treatment system mainly comprises a plate-and-frame filter press, an air compressor, a freeze dryer and an air storage tank, and is used for treating sludge generated by backwashing of a sedimentation tank and a cloth filter; the temperature-adjusting air supply system mainly comprises a low-pressure fan, a medium-pressure fan and an air supply heating device and is used for providing oxygen for the nitrification percolation tank; the carbon source adding system mainly comprises a dosing tank, a medicine storage tank and a medicine adding pump, and provides a carbon source for the denitrification infiltration tank; the electric automatic control system mainly comprises an electric control system and an automatic control system, and provides a power supply for the whole processing device and realizes the full-automatic operation of the system.
Aiming at the rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution high-efficiency percolation treatment system, the treatment process comprises the following steps,
the operation mode in normal water season comprises the following steps:
1. the tail water of the non-point source pollution rare earth mine enters a regulation and storage tank for water quantity regulation and sand setting, so that the sand content in the tail water is reduced;
2. the water discharged from the storage tank enters a grating channel, and a grating is arranged in the grating channel to remove floating objects such as branches and fallen leaves in the rare earth tail water;
3. the effluent of the grid channel enters a reaction tank, alkali is added into a quick mixing tank, the quick mixing tank is quickly mixed with tail water through a stirrer, the pH value of the tail water is adjusted, the alkalinity required by nitrification is supplemented, and larger granular suspended matters are further formed in a flocculation tank through stirring so as to facilitate mud-water separation in a sedimentation tank;
4. the effluent of the reaction tank enters a sedimentation tank, sludge and water are separated under the action of gravity, the sludge at the bottom and the sludge generated by the cloth filter enter a sludge treatment system for dehydration treatment, and the separated sludge contains a small amount of rare earth and can be further processed and recovered;
5. supernatant effluent of the sedimentation tank enters a cloth filter for further removing suspended matters in tail water and then enters a nitrification regulating tank;
6. in the nitrification regulating tank, tail water is treated by the system and is mixed with 50-100% of tail water which flows back from the backflow tank and reaches the standard, part of alkalinity is recycled, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of inlet water is reduced, and the tail water is lifted to the nitrification percolation tank intermittently, regularly and quantitatively by using a lifting pump, so that the concentrations of pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen and the like in the tail water are reduced;
7. the effluent of the nitrification percolation tank enters a denitrification regulating tank, a carbon source added by a carbon source adding system is mixed with tail water in the denitrification regulating tank, and the tail water is lifted to the denitrification percolation tank intermittently, regularly and quantitatively by using a lifting pump so as to reduce the concentration of pollutants such as total nitrogen in the tail water;
8. and (3) enabling the effluent of the denitrification percolation pool to enter a reflux pool, refluxing 50-100% of tail water of the reflux pool to a nitrification regulating pool through a reflux pump, and discharging the rest tail water after passing through a Parshall metering tank and reaching the standard.
The operation mode under the condition of the full water period comprises the following steps:
1, feeding the tail water of the rare earth mine polluted by the non-point source into a regulation and storage tank, and performing water quantity regulation and sand setting to reduce the sand content in the tail water;
2, enabling the effluent of the storage tank to enter a grating channel, and arranging gratings in the grating channel to remove floating matters such as branches and fallen leaves in the rare earth tail water;
3, enabling the water discharged from the grid channel to enter a reaction tank, adding alkali into a quick mixing tank, quickly mixing the alkali with tail water through a stirrer, adjusting the pH value of the tail water and supplementing the alkalinity required by nitrification, and further forming larger granular suspended matters through stirring in a flocculation tank so as to facilitate mud-water separation in a sedimentation tank;
4, the effluent of the reaction tank enters a sedimentation tank, sludge and water are separated under the action of gravity, the sludge at the bottom and the sludge generated by the cloth filter enter a sludge treatment system for dehydration treatment, and the separated sludge contains a small amount of rare earth and can be further processed and recovered;
5, enabling supernatant effluent of the sedimentation tank to enter a cloth filter for further removing suspended matters in tail water and then entering a nitrification regulating tank;
6 in the nitrification regulating tank, the tail water is intermittently, regularly and quantitatively lifted to the nitrification percolation tank by using a lifting pump, so that the concentration of pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen and the like in the tail water is reduced;
7, enabling the effluent of the nitrification percolation tank to enter a denitrification regulating tank, mixing a carbon source added by a carbon source adding system with tail water in the denitrification regulating tank, intermittently, regularly and quantitatively lifting the tail water to the denitrification percolation tank by using a lifting pump, and starting a denitrification one-layer, two-layer and three-layer water inlet and distribution system to reduce the concentration of pollutants such as total nitrogen in the tail water;
8, the effluent of the denitrification infiltration filter enters a reflux pool, a reflux pump of the reflux pool is closed, and all tail water passes through a Parshall metering tank and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
The operation mode under the condition of low temperature period of the dry water comprises the following steps:
1, feeding the tail water of the rare earth mine polluted by the non-point source into a regulation and storage tank, and performing water quantity regulation and sand setting to reduce the sand content in the tail water;
2, enabling the effluent of the storage tank to enter a grating channel, and arranging gratings in the grating channel to remove floating matters such as branches and fallen leaves in the rare earth tail water;
3, enabling the water discharged from the grid channel to enter a reaction tank, adding alkali into a quick mixing tank, quickly mixing the alkali with tail water through a stirrer, adjusting the pH value of the tail water and supplementing the alkalinity required by nitrification, and further forming larger granular suspended matters through stirring in a flocculation tank so as to facilitate mud-water separation in a sedimentation tank;
4, the effluent of the reaction tank enters a sedimentation tank, sludge and water are separated under the action of gravity, the sludge at the bottom and the sludge generated by the cloth filter enter a sludge treatment system for dehydration treatment, and the separated sludge contains a small amount of rare earth and can be further processed and recovered;
5, enabling supernatant effluent of the sedimentation tank to enter a cloth filter for further removing suspended matters in tail water and then entering a nitrification regulating tank;
6 in the nitrification regulating tank, mixing the tail water with the tail water which is treated by the system and reaches the standard of 150 plus of the backflow tank, recovering partial alkalinity and reducing the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the inflow water, intermittently, regularly and quantitatively lifting the tail water to the nitrification percolation tank by using a lifting pump, starting a low-pressure and medium-pressure nitrification air supply heating device, and reducing the concentration of pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen and the like in the tail water;
7, the effluent of the nitrification percolation pool enters a denitrification regulating pool, a carbon source added by a carbon source adding system is mixed with tail water in the denitrification regulating pool, and the tail water is lifted to the denitrification percolation pool intermittently, regularly and quantitatively by using a lifting pump so as to reduce the concentration of pollutants such as total nitrogen in the tail water;
8, enabling the effluent of the denitrification percolation pool to enter a reflux pool, enabling 200 percent of tail water of the reflux pool to flow back to the nitrification regulating pool through a reflux pump, and enabling the rest tail water to reach the standard after passing through a Parshall metering tank and then be discharged.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the nitrification percolation pool adopts fine sand, medium sand, coarse sand, volcanic rock, alkaline crushed stone, neutral crushed stone, zeolite and cobblestone with different gradations and layers as the nitrification composite biological filter material, the attached surface area of the biological membrane is large, the containable biomass is large, and simultaneously the carbon source adding amount required for maintaining activated sludge zoogloea in an activated sludge method can be reduced, and the treatment cost is reduced; and the alkaline macadam in different filter material layer ratios can provide alkalinity for nitrobacteria in different filter layers, so as to meet the requirement of nitration reaction.
Meanwhile, the cloth filter device is arranged in the process unit design, so that water inflow suspended matters of the nitrification percolation tank and the denitrification percolation tank are reduced, and the percolation tank is ensured not to be blocked; and the geotextile is laid on the surface of the infiltration tank, so that the water inflow suspended matters are further reduced, and the function of preventing weeds on the surface of the infiltration tank from growing is achieved. Both the two functions ensure the stable operation of the infiltration tank and reduce the labor intensity of maintenance.
In the embodiment, the inlet water is tail water of a small watershed of a rare earth mining area near a pond of a Zhang Town cave in Wen Town, Town and south of Jiangxi province, and main pollutant NH is monitored through continuous experiments4 +150mg/l of-N is 100-200 mg/l of TN, and COD is 140-Cr10-20mg/l, treated NH4 +-N less than 10mg/l, total nitrogen less than 30 mg/l.
The data of the nitrification percolation pond part are as follows:
the data of the denitrification infiltration tank part are as follows:
the technical scheme of the specific embodiment fully considers the characteristic that the rare earth mine tail water is polluted by the source under the natural state through the perfect unit design, provides a plurality of operation modes and has strong adaptability; meanwhile, a multi-stage nitrification percolation tank and a denitrification percolation tank can be arranged according to the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen and the nitrate nitrogen in the inlet water, so that the effect of the whole treatment system and the treatment process is ensured.
Meanwhile, in the process of percolating the rare earth tail water from top to bottom in the nitrification percolating pool, ammonia nitrogen is intercepted and adsorbed on a biological membrane of a filter material, has good enrichment effect on the ammonia nitrogen, and is removed through nitration reaction; the oxygen source in the nitration reaction process comprises dissolved oxygen brought by the oxygen source, oxygen brought into air in the percolation process and oxygen intermittently supplied by a blower through an air supply system, and the blower supplies oxygen in the percolation and drying process, and the required air pressure does not exceed 9800Pa, so the oxygen supply cost of the nitration reaction is far lower than that of the conventional treatment process adopting deep water aeration.
Having thus described the principal technical features and basic principles of the invention, and the advantages associated therewith, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description is described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such descriptions are provided for clarity only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein can be combined as a whole to form other embodiments as would be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. The efficient percolation treatment system for the rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution is characterized by comprising a watershed regulation and storage unit, a pretreatment unit, a percolation biochemical treatment unit, a reflux unit and an auxiliary unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the watershed regulating and storing unit comprises a regulating and storing tank and a sand blocking dam, wherein the regulating and storing tank and the sand blocking dam are used for respectively regulating the water content and settling sand of the surface source polluted rare earth tail water, reducing the sand content in the rare earth tail water and regulating the water content in the rich water period;
the pretreatment unit comprises a grating channel for removing floating substances in the rare earth tail water, a precipitation reaction tank for adjusting the pH value of the rare earth tail water and forming larger floccules, a sedimentation tank for separating the floccules formed in the reaction tank from water and sludge, and a cloth filter for further removing suspended substances in the effluent of the sedimentation tank;
the percolation biochemical treatment unit comprises a nitrification regulating tank, a nitrification percolation tank, a denitrification regulating tank and a denitrification percolation tank; the nitrification regulating tank is used for storing the incoming water of the pretreatment unit, regulating the water quantity and the water quality of the nitrification regulating tank, placing a water inlet lifting pump of the nitrification percolation tank, and intermittently, regularly and quantitatively conveying the rare earth tail water to the nitrification percolation tank through the lifting pump; the nitrification and percolation tank is provided with a water distribution system, an air supply system and a drainage system, the rare earth tail water uniformly enters the percolation tank through the water distribution system and passes through a filter material layer from top to bottom, ammonia nitrogen is intercepted and adsorbed by a biological membrane on the filter material and then undergoes nitrification reaction, oxygen is derived from dissolved oxygen brought by the rare earth tail water, oxygen brought into air in the percolation process and oxygen intermittently provided by an air blower through a low-pressure and medium-pressure air supply system, the main source of alkalinity and the rare earth tail water are added with alkalinity and alkaline gravels in the nitrification and percolation tank, and the process conditions required by the nitrification reaction are fully ensured; the denitrification adjusting tank is used for storing the effluent of the nitrification percolation tank, adding part of carbon source required by denitrification, placing a water inlet lifting pump of the denitrification percolation tank, and conveying the rare earth tail water to the denitrification percolation tank intermittently, regularly and quantitatively through the lifting pump; the denitrification percolation pool is provided with a water distribution system and a drainage system, the rare earth tail water after nitration enters the percolation pool through the water distribution system uniformly and passes through a filter material layer from top to bottom, nitrate nitrogen is adsorbed by a biological membrane on the filter material and then undergoes denitrification reaction, and the required carbon source mainly comes from a carbon source added by a denitrification regulating pool and a slow-release carbon source in the denitrification percolation pool;
the reflux unit is a reflux tank, and the effluent of the denitrification percolation tank is refluxed to the nitrification regulating tank through a reflux pump, so that the alkalinity of the system is recovered, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the influent is reduced, and the retreatment effect is realized under the condition of low water temperature;
the auxiliary unit comprises an alkali adding system, a carbon source adding system, a temperature and gas adjusting system, a sludge treatment system and an electric automatic control system; the alkali adding system is used for adding alkali into the reaction tank to form flocculent suspended matters so as to be convenient for carrying out mud-water separation in the sedimentation tank, and simultaneously adjusting the pH value of tail water and supplementing the alkalinity required by nitrification; the sludge treatment system is used for treating sludge generated by backwashing of the sedimentation tank and the cloth filter; the temperature-adjusting air supply system is used for providing oxygen for the nitrification percolation tank; the carbon source adding system is used for providing a carbon source for the denitrification infiltration tank; the electric automatic control system is used for providing power for the whole processing system and realizing full-automatic operation of the system.
2. The system for the efficient infiltration treatment of the rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution according to claim 1, wherein the residence time of the storage tank in the watershed storage unit is more than 72 hours.
3. The system for the efficient infiltration treatment of the rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution according to claim 1, wherein the sedimentation tank in the pretreatment unit is an advection type or a radial type sedimentation tank, and the retention time of the sedimentation tank is 4 hours.
4. The system for the efficient infiltration treatment of the surface source pollution of the rare earth mine tail water according to claim 1, wherein the retention time of a reflux pool in the reflux unit is 2 hours.
5. A rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution high-efficiency percolation treatment process, which utilizes the rare earth mine tail water surface source pollution high-efficiency percolation treatment system of any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprises the following specific steps:
when the environment is in normal water season, the operation mode is as follows: the stable operation of the basin regulation and storage unit and the pretreatment unit is ensured, under the conditions of normal water inlet amount, inlet ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen concentration, the nitrification and denitrification percolation tank and the denitrification percolation tank adopt a layer of water distribution system for water distribution, and a reflux unit is started, wherein the reflux ratio is 50-100%;
when the environment is in a rich water period, the operation mode is as follows: in the water-rich period, the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen in inlet water is 60-80% under the condition of normal water seasons, in order to ensure the total removal amount of the total ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen in the drainage basin, the inlet water amount in the water-rich period is controlled to be 1.2-1.6 times under the condition of normal water seasons, the operation management of a drainage basin regulation and storage unit is enhanced, a deposition part and a spare part of a cloth filter of a pretreatment unit are started, a reflux unit is stopped to operate, a two-layer water distribution system and a three-layer water distribution system of a denitrification infiltration filter are started, and the treatment water amount of a treatment system is increased;
when the environment is in a low-temperature period of dry water, the operation mode is as follows: in a low-temperature period of dry water, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in inlet water is 1.5-2.5 times of that in normal water seasons, the water amount is 30-50% of that in normal water seasons, the maximum treatment capacity of the treatment system is exerted, the stable operation of a basin regulation and storage unit is ensured, the number of sediments of a pretreatment unit and the operation number of the cloth filter are reduced, the return water amount of a return unit is increased, the return ratio is 150-200%, a heating device of an air supply system of the nitrification percolation tank is started, the reduction of biochemical treatment efficiency caused by the reduction of water temperature due to the fact that the air supply temperature is too low is reduced, and a two-layer water distribution system and a three-layer water distribution system of the denitrification.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114057353A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-18 | 江西零真生态环境集团有限公司 | Water purification system applied to polluted stream in rare earth mining area |
| CN114085010A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-02-25 | 江西挺进环保科技股份有限公司 | Inorganic ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment system and process |
| CN114275896A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-05 | 江西挺进环保科技股份有限公司 | Percolation biochemical treatment system applied to denitrification of enhanced percolation system |
| CN114377666A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-22 | 江西挺进环保科技股份有限公司 | Catalyst for inorganic ammonia nitrogen wastewater and wastewater treatment process |
-
2020
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114057353A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-18 | 江西零真生态环境集团有限公司 | Water purification system applied to polluted stream in rare earth mining area |
| CN114057353B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-10-24 | 江西零真生态环境集团有限公司 | Water quality purifying system applied to polluted stream in rare earth mining area |
| CN114085010A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-02-25 | 江西挺进环保科技股份有限公司 | Inorganic ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment system and process |
| CN114275896A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-05 | 江西挺进环保科技股份有限公司 | Percolation biochemical treatment system applied to denitrification of enhanced percolation system |
| CN114275896B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-10-11 | 江西挺进环保科技股份有限公司 | Percolation biochemical treatment system applied to denitrification of enhanced percolation system |
| CN114377666A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-22 | 江西挺进环保科技股份有限公司 | Catalyst for inorganic ammonia nitrogen wastewater and wastewater treatment process |
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